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ANALYSIS OF CRITICISM TO THE JEWS İN THE NEW TESTAMENT AND QUR’AN

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 791 - 833, 25.07.2021

Öz

Various criticisms and interpretations about members of other religions in religious texts may occur when these religions have a common history or are in close relationship with each other. In parallel with this, in the New Testament, which is the holy book of Christianity, there are intense criticisms about the Jews. Christianity is a religion that came out of Judaism. Jesus, the most important figure in the religion, was born to a Jewish mother and lived his entire life as a devout Jew. The first followers to believe in him were Jews, and members of the two religions used the same places of worship for quite some time. Therefore, it requires careful handling of the criticisms in the New Testament. Similarly, the Qur'an contains many narratives and expressions about Jews, many names that Judaism attaches great importance to and regards as prophets which Qur'an evaluates them within the lineage of prophets, and various similarities between two religions in the religious rules and practices. In addition, the fact that both religions state that they have a common past and tradition as they base themselves on Abraham, and the coexistence of Muslims and Jews in Medina during the time of the Prophet making it necessary to carefully examine the statements of the Quran towards Jews. Examining the criticisms of the Jews in the New Testament and the Quran, revealing similar and different aspects in the criticism will help to see how the members of that religion gain perspective by way of understanding and interpretation of these texts throughout history. It will also help to see the effects of theological, historical, social etc. interpretations of these expressions on Jewish-Christian and Jewish-Muslim relations until today.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, Baki. “Tevrat’ın Tahrifi Meselesine Müslüman ve Yahudi Cephesinden Bir Bakış”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi XXXVI (1997), 359-404.
  • Adam, Baki. Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık Açısından Kur’an’ın Tartışmalı Konuları. İstanbul: Pınar Yay., 2016.
  • Anderson, Paul N. “Anti-Semitism and Religious Violence as Flawed Interpretations of the Gospel of John”. Faculty Publications - College of Christian Studies 289 (2017), 1-77.
  • Arslantaş, Nuh. “Hz. Peygamber’in Çağdaşı Yahudilerin İnanç-ibadet ve Dini Hayatları ile İlgili Bazı Tespitler”. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 34/1 (2008), 55-92.
  • Ashton, John. “The Identity and Function of the ‘loudaioi’ in the Fourth Gospel”. Novum Testamentum 27/1 (1985), 40-75.
  • Avcı, Casim. “Kaynuka (Benî Kaynuka)”. T.D.V. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 25/88. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2002.
  • Bratcher, Robert G. “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John”. Practical Papers for The Bible Translator 26/4 (Ekim 1975), 401-409.
  • Carson, D. A. “The Jewish Leaders in Matthew’s Gospel: A Reappraisal”. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25/2 (Haziran 1982), 161-174.
  • Case, Shirley Jackson. “The Origin and Purpose of the Gospel of Matthew”. The Biblical World XXXIV/6 (Aralık 1909), 391-402.
  • Chanes, Jerome A. Antisemitism. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2004.
  • Charlesworth, James H. “Exploring Opportunities for Rethinking Relations among Jews and Christians”. Jews and Christians, Exploring the Past, Present and Future. ed. James H. Charlesworth. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990.
  • Cilacı, Osman. “Ahbâr”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 1/485-486. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1988.
  • Cronin, Sonya. Raymond Brown, “The Jews,” and the Gospel of John. FSU Digital Library: Florida State University, Doktora Tezi, 2009.
  • Culpepper, R. A. “The Gospel of John and the Jews”. Review and Expositor 84 (1987), 273-288.
  • Firestone, Reuven. An Introduction to Islam for Jews. Philadelphia: JPS, 2008.
  • Fredriksen, Paula. “The Birth of Christianity and the Origins of Christian Anti-Judaism”. Jesus, Judaism & Christian Anti-Judaism. ed. Adele Reinhartz - Paula Fredriksen. Luisville and London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002.
  • Freedman, H. - M. Simon (ed.). Midrash Rabbah. London: Soncino Press, 1939.
  • Gager, John G. The Origins of Anti-Semitism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
  • Gaston, Lloyd. “Judaism of the Uncircumcised in Ignatius and Related Writers”. Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity. ed. Stephen G. Wilson. 33-44. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1986.
  • Goldstein, Phyllis. A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism. Brookline: MA : Facing History and Ourselves, 2012.
  • Gökkır, Necmettin. “Kur’an Dilinde Ehl-i Kitab Kültürünün İzleri: Sosyo-Linguistik Bir Yaklaşım”. Tarihten Günümüze Kur’an’a Yaklaşımlar. ed. Bilal Gökkır vd. 93-121. Ankara: Kuran ve Tefsir Akademisi, 2010.
  • Greenstone, Julius H. “Excomunication”. The Jewish Encyclopaedia. 5/285-287. USA: Ktav Publishing House, 1901.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. “Rabbâniyyûn”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 34/376-377. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2007.
  • Hamm, Dennish. “Are the Gospel Passion Accounts Anti-Jewish?” Journal of Religion & Film 8/1 Special Issue: Passion of the Christ (Şubat 2004), 1-26.
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk. “İsrail (Beni İsrail)”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 23/193-195, 2001.
  • Harrington, Daniel J. “Polemical Parables in Matthew 24–25”. Union Seminary Quarterly Review 44/3-4 (1991), 287-298.
  • Heschel, Susannah. The Aryan Jesus, Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • John, Samuel K. “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews”. Past & Present 196 (Ağustos 2007), 3-36.
  • Jonge, Henk Jan de. “The Jews" in the Gospel of John”. Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel. ed. R. Bieringer vd. USA: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
  • Karaman, Hayrettin vd. Kur’an Yolu: Türkçe Meal ve Tefsir. 5 Cilt. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yay., 2003.
  • Kaya, Remzi. “Ehl-i Kitap”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 10/516-519. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1994.
  • Kingsbury, Jack Dean. “The Developing Conflict between Jesus and the Jewish Leaders in Matthew’s Gospel: A Literary-Critical Study”. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 49/1 (Ocak 1987), 57-73.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Salience of Islamic Antisemitism. London: Institute of Jewish Affairs Report, Ekim 1995. https://martinkramer.org/reader/archives/the-salience-of-islamic-antisemitism/
  • Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987.
  • Lubin, Linda Joanne. Anti-Judaism in the Gospel of St. Matthew. Wilfrid Laurier University, Master Of Art Degree, 1981.
  • Martini, Carlo Maria. “Christianity and Judaism A Historical and Theological Overview”. Jews and Christians, Exploring the Past, Present and Future. ed. James H. Charlesworth. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990.
  • Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. Michigan: Eerdmans, 1971.
  • Önal, Recep. “İmam Mâtürîdî’nin Yahudilerle Polemiği: Nübüvvet İnançlarına Yönelik Teolojik Eleştirileri”. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17/34 (2018), 109-142.
  • Özkuyumcu, Nadir. “Nadir (Benî Nadîr)”. T.D.V. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 32/275-276. Ankara: Türk Diyanet Vakfı, 2006.
  • Pagels, Elaine. The Origin of Satan. New York: Random Hause, 1995.
  • Papaioannou, Kim. “John 5:18: Jesus and Sabbath Law A Fresh Look at a Challenging Text”. Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 20/1-2 (2009), 244-261.
  • Perry, Marvin - Schweitzer, Frederick M. “Antisemitic Mythes Blackwashed, The Nation of Islam Inherits a Devil”. Antisemitism Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present. 213-257. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
  • Perry, Marvin - Schweitzer, Frederick M. Antisemitism Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
  • Probst, Christopher J. “Anti-Judaism and the Gospel of John”. IIIM Magazine Online IV/29 (2002).
  • Rubin, Uri. “Jews and Judaism”. Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an. ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. 3/21-34. Leiden&Boston: Brill, 2003.
  • Runesson, Anders. “Rethinking Early Jewish-Christian Relations: Matthean Community History as Pharisaic Intragroup Conflict”. Journal of Biblical Literature 127/1 (Spring 2008), 95-132.
  • Smith, D. Moody. “Judaism and the Gospel of John”. Jews and Christians: Exploring the Past, Present, and Future. 76-96. New York: Crossroad, 1990.
  • Smith, D. Moody. “Judaism and the Gospel of John”, ts.
  • Smith, Morton. “The Jewish Elements in the Gospels”. Journal of Bible and Religion 24/2 (Nisan 1956), 90-96.
  • Stillman, N.A. “Yahûd”. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 11/239-242. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • Tarakçı, Muhammet. “Tevrat ve İncil’in Tahrîfi ile İlgili Kur’ân Âyetlerinin Anlaşılması Sorunu”. Usul: İslam Araştırmaları 2 (2004), 33-54.
  • Taylor, John. “Amos”. A Dictionary of the Bible. ed. James Hasting. 1/85-88. Edinburg: T.&T. Clark, 1898.
  • Vatikan. “Nostra Aetate”. Erişim 11 Ekim 2020. Erişim 11 Ekim 2020. http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html
  • Veldt, S. Mark. Christian Attitudes toward the Jews in the Earliest Centuries A.D. Western Michigan University, Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy, 2007. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/925
  • Viljoen, Francois. “Matthew, the church and anti-Semitism”. Verbum et Ecclesia JRG 28(2) (2007), 698-718.
  • Weatherly, Jon A. “The Jews in Luke-Acts”. Tyndale Bulletin 40.1 (1989), 107-117.
  • Wilson, Stephen G. “Marcion and the Jews”. Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity. ed. Stephen G. Wilson. 45-58. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1986.
  • Kitab-ı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1997.
  • Kudüs Talmudu. Erişim 20 Ekim 2020. https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud/Yerushalmi.

Yeni Ahit’te Ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki Yahudilere Yöneltilen Eleştirilerin Analizi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 791 - 833, 25.07.2021

Öz

Dini metinlerde başka din mensupları ile alakalı çeşitli eleştiri ve yorumlara rastlanılması, bu dinlerin ortak bir geçmişe sahip olduğu ya da birbiri ile yakın ilişki içerisinde olduğu durumlarda söz konusu olabilmektedir. Buna paralel olarak Hıristiyanlığın kutsal kitabı olan Yeni Ahit’te Yahudilerle alakalı oldukça yoğun sayılabilecek eleştiriler yer almaktadır. Hıristiyanlığın Yahudiliğin içinden çıkmış bir din olduğu, dinin en önemli şahsiyeti olan Hz. İsa’nın Yahudi bir anneden dünyaya geldiği ve hayatının tamamını dindar bir Yahudi gibi yaşadığı, ona inanan ilk müntesiplerinin Yahudilerden oluşması ve iki dinin mensuplarının epeyce bir süre aynı ibadet mekanlarını kullanmış olmaları Yeni Ahit’teki eleştirilerin dikkatle ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Benzer şekilde Kur'an-ı Kerim’de Yahudilere yönelik pek çok anlatı ve ifadenin yer alması, Yahudiliğin çok önem verdiği ve peygamber olarak gördüğü pek çok ismi İslam dininin de peygamberler silsilesi içerisinde değerlendirmesi, dini kural ve uygulamaların önemli kısmında iki din arasında çeşitli benzerliklerin olması ve her iki dinin de kendilerini Hz. İbrahim’e dayandırmaları sebebiyle ortak bir geçmiş ve geleneğe sahip olduklarını ifade etmeleri ve Hz. Peygamber döneminde Medine’de Müslüman ve Yahudilerin bir arada bulunmaları Kur'an-ı Kerim’in Yahudilere yönelik ifadelerini dikkatle incelemeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Yeni Ahit ve Kur'an-ı Kerim’de Yahudilere yöneltilen eleştirilerin incelenmesi, eleştirilerde benzer ve farklı yönlerin ortaya konulabilmesi, bu metinlerin tarih boyunca anlaşılması ve yorumlanmasının o dinin mensuplarına nasıl bir bakış açısı kazandırdığını, bu ifadelerin teolojik, tarihi, sosyal vb. yorumlarının Yahudi-Hıristiyan ve Yahudi-Müslüman ilişkilerine günümüze kadar uzanan etkilerini görmeye yardımcı olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, Baki. “Tevrat’ın Tahrifi Meselesine Müslüman ve Yahudi Cephesinden Bir Bakış”. Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi XXXVI (1997), 359-404.
  • Adam, Baki. Yahudilik ve Hıristiyanlık Açısından Kur’an’ın Tartışmalı Konuları. İstanbul: Pınar Yay., 2016.
  • Anderson, Paul N. “Anti-Semitism and Religious Violence as Flawed Interpretations of the Gospel of John”. Faculty Publications - College of Christian Studies 289 (2017), 1-77.
  • Arslantaş, Nuh. “Hz. Peygamber’in Çağdaşı Yahudilerin İnanç-ibadet ve Dini Hayatları ile İlgili Bazı Tespitler”. Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 34/1 (2008), 55-92.
  • Ashton, John. “The Identity and Function of the ‘loudaioi’ in the Fourth Gospel”. Novum Testamentum 27/1 (1985), 40-75.
  • Avcı, Casim. “Kaynuka (Benî Kaynuka)”. T.D.V. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 25/88. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2002.
  • Bratcher, Robert G. “‘The Jews’ in the Gospel of John”. Practical Papers for The Bible Translator 26/4 (Ekim 1975), 401-409.
  • Carson, D. A. “The Jewish Leaders in Matthew’s Gospel: A Reappraisal”. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25/2 (Haziran 1982), 161-174.
  • Case, Shirley Jackson. “The Origin and Purpose of the Gospel of Matthew”. The Biblical World XXXIV/6 (Aralık 1909), 391-402.
  • Chanes, Jerome A. Antisemitism. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2004.
  • Charlesworth, James H. “Exploring Opportunities for Rethinking Relations among Jews and Christians”. Jews and Christians, Exploring the Past, Present and Future. ed. James H. Charlesworth. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990.
  • Cilacı, Osman. “Ahbâr”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 1/485-486. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1988.
  • Cronin, Sonya. Raymond Brown, “The Jews,” and the Gospel of John. FSU Digital Library: Florida State University, Doktora Tezi, 2009.
  • Culpepper, R. A. “The Gospel of John and the Jews”. Review and Expositor 84 (1987), 273-288.
  • Firestone, Reuven. An Introduction to Islam for Jews. Philadelphia: JPS, 2008.
  • Fredriksen, Paula. “The Birth of Christianity and the Origins of Christian Anti-Judaism”. Jesus, Judaism & Christian Anti-Judaism. ed. Adele Reinhartz - Paula Fredriksen. Luisville and London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002.
  • Freedman, H. - M. Simon (ed.). Midrash Rabbah. London: Soncino Press, 1939.
  • Gager, John G. The Origins of Anti-Semitism. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985.
  • Gaston, Lloyd. “Judaism of the Uncircumcised in Ignatius and Related Writers”. Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity. ed. Stephen G. Wilson. 33-44. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1986.
  • Goldstein, Phyllis. A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism. Brookline: MA : Facing History and Ourselves, 2012.
  • Gökkır, Necmettin. “Kur’an Dilinde Ehl-i Kitab Kültürünün İzleri: Sosyo-Linguistik Bir Yaklaşım”. Tarihten Günümüze Kur’an’a Yaklaşımlar. ed. Bilal Gökkır vd. 93-121. Ankara: Kuran ve Tefsir Akademisi, 2010.
  • Greenstone, Julius H. “Excomunication”. The Jewish Encyclopaedia. 5/285-287. USA: Ktav Publishing House, 1901.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla. “Rabbâniyyûn”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 34/376-377. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2007.
  • Hamm, Dennish. “Are the Gospel Passion Accounts Anti-Jewish?” Journal of Religion & Film 8/1 Special Issue: Passion of the Christ (Şubat 2004), 1-26.
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk. “İsrail (Beni İsrail)”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 23/193-195, 2001.
  • Harrington, Daniel J. “Polemical Parables in Matthew 24–25”. Union Seminary Quarterly Review 44/3-4 (1991), 287-298.
  • Heschel, Susannah. The Aryan Jesus, Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • John, Samuel K. “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews”. Past & Present 196 (Ağustos 2007), 3-36.
  • Jonge, Henk Jan de. “The Jews" in the Gospel of John”. Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel. ed. R. Bieringer vd. USA: Westminster John Knox Press, 2001.
  • Karaman, Hayrettin vd. Kur’an Yolu: Türkçe Meal ve Tefsir. 5 Cilt. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yay., 2003.
  • Kaya, Remzi. “Ehl-i Kitap”. TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. 10/516-519. İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1994.
  • Kingsbury, Jack Dean. “The Developing Conflict between Jesus and the Jewish Leaders in Matthew’s Gospel: A Literary-Critical Study”. The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 49/1 (Ocak 1987), 57-73.
  • Kramer, Martin. The Salience of Islamic Antisemitism. London: Institute of Jewish Affairs Report, Ekim 1995. https://martinkramer.org/reader/archives/the-salience-of-islamic-antisemitism/
  • Lewis, Bernard. Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company, 1987.
  • Lubin, Linda Joanne. Anti-Judaism in the Gospel of St. Matthew. Wilfrid Laurier University, Master Of Art Degree, 1981.
  • Martini, Carlo Maria. “Christianity and Judaism A Historical and Theological Overview”. Jews and Christians, Exploring the Past, Present and Future. ed. James H. Charlesworth. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1990.
  • Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to John. Michigan: Eerdmans, 1971.
  • Önal, Recep. “İmam Mâtürîdî’nin Yahudilerle Polemiği: Nübüvvet İnançlarına Yönelik Teolojik Eleştirileri”. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 17/34 (2018), 109-142.
  • Özkuyumcu, Nadir. “Nadir (Benî Nadîr)”. T.D.V. İslam Ansiklopedisi. 32/275-276. Ankara: Türk Diyanet Vakfı, 2006.
  • Pagels, Elaine. The Origin of Satan. New York: Random Hause, 1995.
  • Papaioannou, Kim. “John 5:18: Jesus and Sabbath Law A Fresh Look at a Challenging Text”. Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 20/1-2 (2009), 244-261.
  • Perry, Marvin - Schweitzer, Frederick M. “Antisemitic Mythes Blackwashed, The Nation of Islam Inherits a Devil”. Antisemitism Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present. 213-257. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
  • Perry, Marvin - Schweitzer, Frederick M. Antisemitism Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
  • Probst, Christopher J. “Anti-Judaism and the Gospel of John”. IIIM Magazine Online IV/29 (2002).
  • Rubin, Uri. “Jews and Judaism”. Encyclopaedia of the Qur’an. ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. 3/21-34. Leiden&Boston: Brill, 2003.
  • Runesson, Anders. “Rethinking Early Jewish-Christian Relations: Matthean Community History as Pharisaic Intragroup Conflict”. Journal of Biblical Literature 127/1 (Spring 2008), 95-132.
  • Smith, D. Moody. “Judaism and the Gospel of John”. Jews and Christians: Exploring the Past, Present, and Future. 76-96. New York: Crossroad, 1990.
  • Smith, D. Moody. “Judaism and the Gospel of John”, ts.
  • Smith, Morton. “The Jewish Elements in the Gospels”. Journal of Bible and Religion 24/2 (Nisan 1956), 90-96.
  • Stillman, N.A. “Yahûd”. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 11/239-242. Leiden: Brill, 2002.
  • Tarakçı, Muhammet. “Tevrat ve İncil’in Tahrîfi ile İlgili Kur’ân Âyetlerinin Anlaşılması Sorunu”. Usul: İslam Araştırmaları 2 (2004), 33-54.
  • Taylor, John. “Amos”. A Dictionary of the Bible. ed. James Hasting. 1/85-88. Edinburg: T.&T. Clark, 1898.
  • Vatikan. “Nostra Aetate”. Erişim 11 Ekim 2020. Erişim 11 Ekim 2020. http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html
  • Veldt, S. Mark. Christian Attitudes toward the Jews in the Earliest Centuries A.D. Western Michigan University, Degree Of Doctor Of Philosophy, 2007. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/925
  • Viljoen, Francois. “Matthew, the church and anti-Semitism”. Verbum et Ecclesia JRG 28(2) (2007), 698-718.
  • Weatherly, Jon A. “The Jews in Luke-Acts”. Tyndale Bulletin 40.1 (1989), 107-117.
  • Wilson, Stephen G. “Marcion and the Jews”. Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity. ed. Stephen G. Wilson. 45-58. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press, 1986.
  • Kitab-ı Mukaddes. İstanbul: Kitabı Mukaddes Şirketi, 1997.
  • Kudüs Talmudu. Erişim 20 Ekim 2020. https://www.sefaria.org/texts/Talmud/Yerushalmi.
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ömer Faruk Araz 0000-0002-7425-4164

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Araz, Ömer Faruk. “Yeni Ahit’te Ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki Yahudilere Yöneltilen Eleştirilerin Analizi”. İhya Uluslararası İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi 7/2 (Temmuz 2021), 791-833.

A Uluslararası İslam Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2017'den bu yana TR DİZİN ULAKBİM tarafından taranmaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca, Citefactor, Rootindex, DRJI index, ResearchBib, Sobiad İndex, Scientific Indexing Services, İdealonline ve Eurasian Scientific Journal Index  gibi ulusal ve uluslararası indexler tarafından da taranmaktadır. İsam ve Base Bielefeld Academic Search tarafından taranmaktadır.


             

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