Writing Rules

Manuscripts can only be submitted via the journal’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system.

Guidelines for Specific Study Types

Authors must prepare their manuscripts in accordance with the relevant reporting guideline:

To identify the most suitable guideline for your research, complete the Equator Network questionnaire.

Dear Author,

Please prepare your manuscript according to the Writing Guidelines and the Sample Article Template, and ensure that you review it based on the Author Checklist before uploading it to the system.

Articles that do not comply with the journal’s writing guidelines will be returned to the authors for revision.

The following rules must be followed during the manuscript preparation:

  1. The language of publication in the journal is Turkish and English.
  2. Submissions to our journal must not have been previously published in any other journal, nor accepted for publication, or be under review elsewhere.
  3. Articles presented as oral presentations at scientific meetings, whose abstracts have been published, may be considered for publication provided that the meeting's name, date, and location are specified. This information must be mentioned under the Notes section before the References.
  4. If the manuscript contains quoted text, tables, images, etc., the author must obtain written permission from the copyright holder and authors, and this must be indicated in the article. Legal responsibility regarding this matter lies with the authors.
  5. When the submission process begins, the necessary documents must be uploaded via the Required Forms section.
  6. In Turkish articles, the Turkish Language Institute’s Turkish Dictionary and Terminology Dictionary (http://www.tdk.org.tr) should be referred to.
  7. For experimental and clinical studies, drug research, and certain case reports, compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration is required. Authors must state in the Materials and Methods section that the study was conducted in accordance with these principles and that informed consent was obtained from participants and approval was granted by their institution’s ethics committee. This statement should be written as: "Ethics committee approval was obtained from ……. on …… date with approval number ……."
  8. Case reports must include information about obtaining informed consent from participants in the manuscript.
  9. At the end of the manuscript, the Author Contribution Statement, any Acknowledgements, and Conflict of Interest declarations must be included.
  10. Authors must transfer the copyright of the publication to the Health Services Vocational School Journal. The copyright transfer form is available in the Article Template and Forms section during the submission process and can be downloaded to your computer. The completed form must be uploaded from the same section.
  11. The submitted manuscript must be scanned for plagiarism (via iThenticate or other plagiarism software), and the plagiarism report must be uploaded to the system.
  12. A Title Page must be prepared separately and uploaded to the system. The Title Page is available in the Article Template and Forms section, and can be downloaded to your computer. The completed form must be uploaded again from the same section. Author names and contact details should only appear on the title page.
  13. To protect the peer review process, information about the authors, the ethics committees from which approval was obtained, and institutions should not be included in the main text of the manuscript. In the Materials and Methods section and other parts, such details should be written as XXXX. After the peer review process and upon acceptance for publication, these values should be specified clearly in the final manuscript.

FORMS:

ARTICLE STRUCTURE
Manuscripts submitted for publication to the journal must be prepared in the following order:

For Turkish Articles:

• Turkish and English title
• Turkish abstract (ÖZ) and keywords
• English abstract (ABSTRACT) and keywords
• GİRİŞ
• GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM
• BULGULAR; TARTIŞMA
• SONUÇ (ya da SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER)
• KAYNAKLAR

For English Articles:

• English and Turkish title
• English abstract (ABSTRACT) and keywords
• Turkish abstract (ÖZ) and keywords
• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• RESULTS; or RESULT AND DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• (The above headings can be arranged in accordance with the manuscript structure)
• REFERENCES

WRITING GUIDELINES
Manuscripts must be prepared as Microsoft Word® documents.

Page Layout:

The manuscript should be formatted in Times New Roman font, black color, with 1.5 line spacing, and 2.5 cm margins on all sides. The first page, which includes the Turkish title, abstract, and keywords, should be numbered as page 1, and all subsequent pages should be numbered consecutively in the bottom right corner.

A separate title page must also be prepared and uploaded to the system as a title page. The title page should include the authors' full names, academic titles, correspondence addresses, and email addresses beneath the article title. (Due to the double-blind peer review process, the manuscript should not contain any institution names, author identifiers, or any information that could reveal the authors' identities or institutions.)

A) Titles:

• The article title should be in Times New Roman, 12-point font, in uppercase, and bold. The English title should appear below the Turkish title, in Times New Roman, 12-point font, with the first letter capitalized and bold. Abbreviations should not be used in the title.
• Section headings should be in Times New Roman, 12-point font, bold, and with the first letter capitalized.

B) Abstracts and Keywords:
• Abstracts should be written in both Turkish and English. At the end of each abstract, there should be a list of at least 2 and no more than 5 keywords for each language. Keywords should be separated by commas (,) and each word should start with a capital letter in both the abstract and the Öz. The keywords must be listed in alphabetical order.
• The Öz and Abstract titles should be in bold, Times New Roman, 12-point font. The text of the abstract should be written in Times New Roman, 10-point font, single-spaced.
• The Turkish abstract should not exceed 200 words, and the English abstract should also not exceed 200 words in length.

C) Main Text:
• The main text should be formatted in Times New Roman font, 12-point size, with 1.5 line spacing. Decimal values in the text should be written using a dot (e.g., 0.005). The main text is organized under the following headings: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, and Discussion. In the Introduction section, the basic information and rationale for the study should be briefly discussed, with the study's objective clearly stated in the last paragraph. The Materials and Methods section should be organized into subheadings such as research group, tools, procedures, and statistical analysis if necessary. This section should be written clearly enough for someone unfamiliar with the study to understand. The Results section should summarize the findings of the study, with key results supported by tables and figures if necessary. In the Discussion section, the results should be discussed in the context of related domestic and international studies, focusing on the original findings, rather than a general review. Abbreviations should be introduced in parentheses the first time they appear in the text and should be used consistently throughout. For internationally used abbreviations, the "Scientific Style and Format: The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers" can be referred to. Anatomical terms should be used as they appear in Latin. Terms that have become common in medical language should be written according to Turkish spelling rules. Terms written in English or other foreign languages should be placed in quotation marks. Avoid using foreign words that have a Turkish equivalent. Generic or chemical names of drugs should be used.

D) Acknowledgements:
• The authors may include a brief acknowledgment for individuals who contributed to the article at a level not qualifying for authorship, but whom they believe should be recognized. The contributions (e.g., financial support, technical assistance) of these individuals should be clearly stated (e.g., "scientific consultancy," "draft revision," "data collection," "participation in clinical research").

E) Figures, Images, Tables, and Graphs:
• Figures, images, tables, and graphs should appear in the text where they are referenced. Images/photos should be in color, with good contrast and clarity, showing details. The table text should be in Times New Roman, 10-point size, and single-spaced. They must follow APA 6 guidelines. For print quality, tables, figures, graphs, images/photos should be submitted in editable formats (e.g., tif, png, jpg, or gif files) with an approximate pixel size of 500x400, 8 cm width, and 300 dpi resolution. Abbreviations used in the figures, images, tables, and graphs should be explained in their respective captions. If previously published figures, images, tables, or graphs are used, written permission must be obtained, and this permission should be acknowledged in the figure/image/table/graph caption.
• Table captions should be above the table, and figure and graph captions should be below the figure/graph. All captions should be in Times New Roman, 10-point font, with the first letter capitalized (e.g., "Table 1." and "Figure 1."). Tables and figures should be aligned to the left of the page.

E) REFERENCES
When writing the references, the heading should be bold, in Times New Roman, 10-point size, and in uppercase. The references themselves should be written in Times New Roman, 10-point size, with single line spacing.

APA CITATION STYLE AND REFERENCING METHOD
IN-TEXT CITATIONS:
When citing sources in the text, the following rules must be followed:

To ensure proper citation formatting, the source information must be complete and accurate, enabling readers to access the referenced material. Each journal should adopt an international standard for citation formatting and apply these standards consistently.

It is important to be selective in the sources used and only reference those that are directly related to the topic of the paper. APA 6th edition citation style should be followed for in-text citations.

For managing references in the text, programs like EndNote® or MS Office source management tools can be helpful.

Citation of Authors in the Text:
1. Single Author:
o According to Baysal (1982)
o (Baysal, 1982)

2. Two Authors:
o According to Wegener and Petty (1994)
o (Wegener & Petty, 1994)

3. Three to Five Authors:
o The first time you reference, list all authors:
(Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993)
o Subsequent citations should only list the first author followed by "et al."
(Kernis et al., 1993)

4. Six or More Authors:
o Only list the first author followed by "et al." for all citations:
Harris et al. (2001)
(Harris et al., 2001)

5. When Author is Unknown:
o If no author is mentioned, use the first or two words of the title in parentheses and quotation marks:
("Die Pisa-Analyse", 2001)

6. When the Author is an Organization or Government Agency:
o If the organization is well-known, use the abbreviation in subsequent citations.
First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)
Subsequent citation: (MADD, 2000)

7. Citing Multiple References in the Same Parentheses:
o These should be arranged alphabetically and separated by semicolons:
(Akar, 2010; Çalışkan, 2008; Dinçer & Kolaşin, 2009; Engin-Demir, 2009; Tunç, 2007)

8. Same Last Name Authors:
o To avoid confusion, include the first initial:
(E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998)

9. Citing Multiple Works by the Same Author in the Same Year:
o If the same author has multiple works published in the same year, differentiate them by adding a, b, or c after the year:
Berndt (1981a)

10. Personal Communications:
o If information is derived from personal communication (interviews, letters, emails), the name of the person and the date of communication should be included, but such communications should not be listed in the reference list:
(N. AlSayyad, personal communication, March 25, 2012)

INSTITUTION
1. First citation in parentheses:
o (Institution Name [Abbreviation of Institution Name], Year)
o Example: (Türk Dil Kurumu [TDK], 2013)

2. Second and subsequent citations in parentheses:
o (Abbreviation of Institution Name, Year)
o Example: (TÜBİTAK, 2013)

3. First citation in a sentence:
o Institution Name (Abbreviation of Institution Name, Year)
o Example: Türkiye Dil Kurumu (TDK, 2013)

4. Second and subsequent citations in a sentence:
o Abbreviation of Institution Name (Year)
o Example: TDK (2013)

PARENTHESES USAGE
When adding additional information in parentheses, it should appear before the year citation:

• Before the year citation:
o Akyurt’tan (2017) bir yıl önce...
o Akyurt ve Aykan’a (2019) göre…

REFERENCE WRITING: BASIC RULES
Journals and Periodicals:

• Basic Format:
(Journal names, book titles, thesis titles, conference names, etc., should be italicized)
SINGLE-AUTHOR WORKS:

• Article:
Author, A. (Year). Article title. Journal Name, volume no (issue no), page(s). DOI no.
Example:
Çırak, Z.D. (2018). Investigation of the thermal and microstructural changes of CuAlNiNb quaternary shape memory alloys by different niobium amounts. The European Physical Journal Plus, 133(7), 2018-12150. doi: 10.1140

• Book:
Author, A. (Year). Book title. Place: Publisher.
Example:
Güzelyurt, T. (2022). Meraklı balık Moli-Gizli kapı. Ankara: Perseus.

TWO OR MORE AUTHORS' WORKS
• Article:
Author, A. & Author, B. (Year). Article title. Journal Name, volume no (issue no), page(s). DOI no.
Example:
Güzelyurt, T. & Özkan, Ö. (2019). Early childhood environmental education: An examination of children's books. İlköğretim Online (electronic), 18(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2019.527146
• Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., Harlow, T. & Bach, J. S. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

• Book:
Author, A. & Author, B. (Year). Book title. Place: Publisher.
Example:
Akyurt, T. & Yurtkan, T. (2020). Akademi kitaplar serisi. Ankara: Seçkin.

• For works with more than seven authors, list the first six authors followed by an ellipsis and the last author’s name. Do not include more than seven names:
Example:
Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., ... Rubin, L. H. (2009). Web site usability for the blind and low-vision user. Technical Communication, 57, 323-335.

Articles in journals with only the volume number:
• Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Articles in journals with both issue and volume numbers:
• Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
Example:
Quader, I. N., Kok, M. & Cirak, Z. D. (2020). The effects of substituting Sn for Ni on the thermal and some other characteristics of NiTiSn shape memory alloys. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 3(2), 103-104.

When the organization is the author:
• American Psychological Association. (2003).

When the author is unknown:
• Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

For multiple works by the same author, list the works in chronological order:
• Berndt, T. J. (1981).
Berndt, T. J. (1999).

• If the author is listed as a single author in one work and as a co-author in another, the single-author work should come first:
Berndt, T. J. (1999). Friends' influence on students' adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.
Berndt, T. J. & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, 1312-1329.

If the author has multiple works with different co-authors, the listing should be alphabetized by the second or subsequent author's last name:
• Wegener, D.T., Kerr, N. L., Fleming, M. A. & Petty, R. E. (2000). Flexible corrections of juror judgments: Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 629-654.
• Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E. & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.

If a writer has published two or more works in the same year, use letters (a, b, c):
• Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.
• Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-643.

For prefaces, introductions, and conclusions, cite as a book chapter:
• Kumar, R. & Hill, D. (2009). Introduction: Neoliberal Capitalism and Education. In D. Hill & R. Kumar (Eds.), Global Neoliberalism and Education and its Consequences (pp. 1-11). New York: Routledge.

Magazine Articles:
• Henry, W. A. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Newspaper Articles (printed):
• Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, pp. 1A, 2A.

Letter to the Editor:
• Moller, G. (2002, August). Ripples versus rumbles [Letter to the editor]. Scientific American, 287(2), 12.

Book Review:
• Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Book review of The selfknower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology, 38, 466-467.

Books in the Bibliography:
• Basic format:
Author, A. A. (Publication year). Title of the work. Place: Publisher.
Example:
Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: Computers in the classrooms. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Edited Books:
• Duncan, G. J. & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
Edited Books (if the work is written by a person or group):
• Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

Translation:
• Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814).
Important Note: When citing a re-published work, both dates should be given:
Laplace (1814/1951).

For editions different from the first edition:
• Helfer, M. E., Kempe, R. S. & Krugman, R. D. (1997). The battered child (5th ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

A Chapter or Article in an Edited Book:
• Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Publication year). Chapter/article title. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Book title (pp. page numbers). Place: Publisher.
Example:
O'Neil, J. M. & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

Multivolume Work:
• Wiener, P. (Ed.). (1973). Dictionary of the history of ideas (Vols. 1-4). New York, NY: Scribner's.
Encyclopedia Entry:
• Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.

Published Thesis:
• Surname, F. N. (Year). Thesis title. (Doctoral dissertation). Database name. (Accession or Order Number)

Unpublished Thesis:
• Surname, F. N. (Year). Title of the doctoral thesis. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Institution name, Location.
Example:
Köprülü, D. (1994). An investigation on the use of book collections in university libraries. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Hacettepe University, Ankara.

Government Publications:
• National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Articles in Online Periodicals:
Articles from online journal publications with a DOI:

Author, A. B. (publication year). Article title. Journal Name (Italicized), volume number, page(s). doi:0000000/000000000000 or http://dx.doi.org/10.0000/0000
• Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
• Wooldridge, M.B., & Shapka, J. (2012). Playing with technology: Mother-toddler interaction scores lower during play with electronic toys. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 33(5), 211-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012.05.005

Articles from online periodicals without a DOI:
Author, A. A. (publication year). Article title. Online Journal Name (Italicized), volume number (if applicable, issue number) (...) Retrieved on xxxxxx from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
In English Article:
Author, A. A. (publication year). Article title. Online Journal Name (Italicized), volume number (if applicable, issue number) (...) In xxxxx retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
• Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 149. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving
• Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. In January 15, 2012, retrieved from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html.

Online Newspaper Articles:
Author, A. A. (Year, Day Month). Article title. Newspaper Name. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/
• Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com

Electronic Books:
• De Huff, E. W. (n.d.). Taytay’s tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.html
• Davis, J. (n.d.). Familiar birdsongs of the Northwest. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?inkey=1-9780931686108-0

Printed Interview Publication:
Çelik, Z. (Interviewer), & AlSayyad, N. (Interviewee). (2012). On neoliberalism and urban inequalities [Interview transcript]. İdealKent, (7), 10-20.
Online Lecture Notes and Slide Presentations:
• Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory [PDF document]. Lecture Notes Online Website: Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ501/Hallam/index.html
• Roberts, K. F. (1998). Federal regulations of chemicals in the environment [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/40hrenv/index.html

Non-Periodic Web Documents, Pages, or Reports:
The main principle in such cases is to find and use the name of the file or document's owner.
Author, A. A. (publication date). File title. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://Web address
• Angeli, E., Wagner, J., Lawrick, E., Moore, K., Anderson, M., Soderland, L., & Brizee, A. (2010, May 5). General format. Retrieved on January 15, 2012, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Last Update Time: 2/27/25, 1:34:22 PM

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