Effects of blades types on shear force and energy requirement of paddy stem

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 376 - 383, 15.09.2020

Fatih Göksel Pekitkan , Abdullah Sessiz , Reşat Esgici

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2020.3.18

Cited By: 2

Abstract

This study was aimed to determine of the shearing force and shearing energy of paddy stem as a function of blade type, blade-edge angle and cutting speed. The Karacadag white paddy variety was used as plant materials. Shearing properties were measured by a universal testing machine. Depend on measured shear force and cross-section area of paddy stem, energy values were calculated by measuring the surface area under the cutting force-deformation curve for each test separately. The tests were conducted at five blade angles, five loading speed with various three different type blades. The tests results showed that the shearing force, shearing strength, shearing energy, specific shearing energy and extension at maximum load were affected significant (p<0.01) by blade type, cutting angle and cutting speed. While the lowest values were determined at serrated 2 blade types, followed by the serrated 1 and flat-edge blade. The paddy stalk shearing force and energy values has increased with decrease in the blade edge angle from 90° to 50°. The highest force and energy values were measured at 90° cutting edge of blade as 25.47 N and 5.8 N cm. The effect of loading speed on the cutting forces, cutting strength, cutting energy and specific cutting energy were found significant (p<0.01). The shearing and energy has slightly decreased with an increase of blade cutting speed. While the highest values were found at 2 m s-1 loading speeds, the lowest values were found at 6 mm s-1 cutting speed.

Keywords

Cotton, Cutting properties, Design, Shearing force, Stalk

Supporting Institution

Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination

Project Number

DUBAP-08-ZF-59

Thanks

This study was carried out with the test machine that the buy a project supported by the Scientific Research Funding (DUBAP-08-ZF-59) of Dicle University. The authors would like to thank Dicle University for providing the Material Test Machine and financial support.

References

• Alizadeh, M.R., Ajdadi, F.R., Dabbaghi, A. (2011). Cutting energy of paddy stem as influenced by internode position and dimensional characteristics of different varieties. Australian Journal of Crop Science 5(6):681-687. http://www.cropj.com/alizadeh_5_6_2011_681_687.pdf
• Allameh, A., Alizadeh, M.R. (2016). Specific cutting energy variations under different paddy stem cultivars and blade parameters. IDESIA (Chile), Volumen 34, Nº 5. Páginas 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-34292016005000024
• ASABE Standards, (2008). S358.2. Moisture measurement – Forages. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, St. Joseph, MI.
• Badawi, A.A. (2001). A proposal on the assessment of paddy post-harvest losses. CIHEAM- Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes. 58. https://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c58/03400069.pdf
• Chandio, F.A., Changying J., Tagar, A.A., Mari, I.A., Guangzhao, T., Cuong, D.M. (2013). Comparison of mechanical properties of wheat and paddy straw influenced by loading rates. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(10), pp. 1068-1077. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/128164/117714
• Chattopadhyay, P.S, Pandey, K.P. (1999). Mechanical properties of sorghum stalk in relation to quasi-static deformation. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 73:199-206. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1999.0406
• Chen, Y., Gratton, J.L., Liu, J. (2003). Power requirements of hemp cutting and conditioning. Biosystems Engineering, 87(4), 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.12.012
• Correa, P.C., Silva, F.S., Jaren, C., Junior, P.C.A., Arana, I. (2007). Physical and mechanical properties in paddy processing. Journal of Food Engineering Vol:79, pp: 137–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.01.037
• Dange, A.R., Thakare, S.K., Rao, I.B. (2011). Cutting energy and force as required for Pigeon pea stems. Journal of Agricultural Technology 2011 Vol. 7(6), pp. 1485-1493. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2011/20113397919.pdf
• Dowgiallo, A. (2005). Cutting force of fibrous materials. Journal of Food Engineering 66(1):57-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2004.02.034
• Ekinci, K., Yilmaz, D., Ertekin, C. (2010). Effects of moisture content and compression positions on mechanical properties of carob pod (Ceratonia siliqua L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(10), pp 1015–1021. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full-text-pdf/404EAD329811
• Esgici, R., Sessiz, A., Bayhan, Y. (2016). The relationship between the age of combine harvester and grain losses for paddy. International Scientific Journal. Mechanization in Agriculture. Issue: 1/2016, 18-21, ISSN 0861-9638, Sofia, Bulgaria. https://stumejournals.com/journals/am/2016/1/18.full.pdf
• Ghahraei, O., Ahmad, D., Khalina, A., Suryanto, H., Othman, J. (2011). Cutting tests of kenaf stems. Transactions of the ASABE, 54(1), pp 51-56. https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/catalog/2342727
• Hoseinzadeh, B., Esehaghbeygi, A., Raghami, N. (2009). Effect of moisture content, bevel angle and cutting speed on shearing energy of three wheat varieties. World Applied Sciences Journal 7 (9), 1120–1123. http://www.idosi.org/wasj/wasj7(9)/7.pdf
• Jicheng, H., Cheng S., Xianwang, L., Kunpeng, T., Qiaomin, C., Bin, Z. (2017). Design and tests of hemp harvester. International Agricultural Engineering Journal Vol. 26(2), 117-127. http://www.iaej.cn/EN/volumn/volumn_1172.shtml#
• Kocabiyik, H., Kayisoglu, B. (2004). Determination of shearing features of sunflower stalk. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Vol.10(3), 263–267. https://dspace.ankara.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12575/56230/15268.pdf?sequence= 1&isAllowed=y
• Koloor, R.T., Borgheie, A. (2006). Measuring the static and dynamic cutting force of stems for Iranian Paddy Varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology Vol. 8: 193-198. https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-5-en.pdf
• Kronbergs, A., Širaks, E., Kronbergs, A.E. (2011). Mechanical properties of hemp (cannabis sativa) biomass. Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference. Vol 1. http://zdb.ru.lv/conferences/4/VTR8_I_184.pdf
• Mathanker, S.K., Grift, T.E., Hansen, A.C. (2015). Effect of blade oblique angle and cutting speed on cutting energy for energycane stems. Biosystems Engineering, Vol.133, pp. 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2015.03.003
• Mohsenin, N.N. (1986). Physical properties of plant and animals materials. 2nd edition. New York, NY: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
• Nowakowski, T. (2016). Empirical model of unit energy requirements for cutting giant miscanthus stalks depending on grinding process parameters. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Agriculture (Agricultural and Forest Engineering) 67: 63–70. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2016/20163299165.pdf
• O’Dogherty, M.J., Huber, J.A., Dyson, J., Marshall, C.J. (1995). A study of the physical and mechanical properties of wheat straw. Journal of agricultural Engineering Research,62(2): 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1995.1072
• Ozdemir, G., Sessiz, A., Esgici, R., Elicin, A.K. (2015). Cutting properties of wine grape cultivars. Scientific Papers. Series B, Horticulture. Vol. LIX. http://horticulturejournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2015/art23.pdf
• Pekitkan, F.G., Esgici, R., Elicin, A.K., Sessiz, A. (2018). The change of shear force and energy of cotton stalk depend on blade type and shear angle. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LXI, No. 1, pp. 360-366. http://agronomyjournal.usamv.ro/pdf/2018/issue_1/Art56.pdf
• Persson, S. (1987). Mechanics of cutting plant material. ASAE Publications, St Joseph, MI, USA.
• Sessiz, A., Elicin, A.K., Esgici, R., Ozdemir, G., Nozdrovicky, L. (2013). Cutting properties of olive sucker. Acta Technologica Agriculturae. The Scientific Journal for Agricultural Engineering, The Journal of Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. 16 (3): 80–84. https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2013-0021
• Sessiz, A., Guzel, E., Bayhan, Y. (2018). Determination of cutting force and energy in grape cane in some domestic and foreign grape varieties. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences. 5(4): 414–423. https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.471203
• Tavakoli, M., Tavakoli, H., Azizi, M.H., Haghayegh, G.H. (2010). Comparison of mechanical properties between two varieties of paddy straw. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 2(1): 50-54. http://maxwellsci.com/print/ajfst/v2-50-54.pdf
• Voicu, G., Moiceanu, E., Sandu, M., Poenaru, I.C., Voicu, P. (2011). Experiments regarding mechanical behaviour of energetic plant Miscanthus to crushing and shear stress. In Engineering for Rural Development Jelgava, 26. http://tf.llu.lv/conference/proceedings2011/Papers/091_Voicu.pdf
• Yiljep, Y.D., Mohammed, U.S. (2005). Effect of blade velocity on cutting energy and efficiency during impact cutting of sorghum stalk. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal VII,004–05 (Manu. PM). https://cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/604/598
• Yore, M.W., Jenkins, B.M., Summers, M.D. (2002). Cutting properties of paddy straw. Paper Number: 026154.ASAE Annual International Meeting / CIGR XVth World Congress. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.9785
• Zareiforoush, H., Mohtasebi, S.S., Tavakoli, H., Alizadeh, M.R. (2010). Effect of loading rate on mechanical properties of paddy (Oryza sativa L.) straw. In Aust J Crop Sci, 4(3): 190-195. http://www.cropj.com/tavakoli_4_3_2010_190_195.pdf
• Zhou, Y., Shen, C., Li, X., Zhang, B., Huang, J., Tian, K. (2016). Design and Test of 4LMD-160 Hemp Harvester. Applied Mechanics and Materials Submitted: ISSN: 1662-7482, Vol. 851, pp 389-395. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.851.389