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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VIRTUAL TOUR APPLICATIONS IN MUSEUMS IN THE CONTEXT OF DESTINATION MARKETING DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC PROCESS

Year 2022, , 229 - 248, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1062407

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on a variety of industries, ranging from health to the economy, and has had a global impact since its emergence. One of the most heavily impacted industries is tourism. Many professions have changed shape as a result of the general public’s work-at-home habits, especially during periods of complete closure. In this sense, virtual tour applications developed by destinations offer a different alternative to consumers in the COVID-19 pandemic. In this process, where travel to many parts of the world is restricted by the COVID-19 pandemic, new technological applications such as virtual reality and augmented reality meet the demands of consumers. At the same time, museums have contributed to the promotion of their destinations with virtual tour applications. This research, it is aimed to comparatively examine the virtual tour applications of museums in the context of destination marketing and to determine whether there is a difference in virtual tour applications of museums. For this purpose, virtual tour applications of two museums selected from home and abroad were compared using the descriptive analysis technique, one of the qualitative research methods. The Istanbul Modern Art Museum in Turkey and The National Gallery in England were researched according to the themes of destination marketing strategy and virtual reality programming language determined within the scope of descriptive analysis. In terms of destination marketing strategy and virtual reality programming language themes, it was concluded that the virtual tour applications of both selected museums were similar.

References

  • Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lampis, A. (2020). Italian state museums during the COVID-19 crisis: from onsite closure to online openness. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2020.1790029
  • Aksoy, H., & Ağca, Y. (2018). Niksar Çamiçi Yaylasının Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Pazarlama Stratejisi Ve Konumlandırma Kapsamına Alınması. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (29), 579-591. https://doi.org/10.16990/sobider.4528
  • Almlöf, E., Rubensson, I., Cebecauer, M., & Jenelius, E. (2020). Who is still travelling by public transport during COVID-19? Socioeconomic factors explaining travel behaviour in Stockholm based on smart card data. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3689091
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya Yayıncılık. 5. Basım. Sakarya. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., & Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Australia
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00095-3 Baker, M. J., & Cameron, E. (2008). Critical success factors in destination marketing. Tourism and hospitality research, 8(2), 79-97.
  • Chhabra, D. (2009). Proposing a sustainable marketing framework for heritage tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 303–320.
  • Coltman, M. M. (1989). Tourism marketing. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
  • Değerli, A., Aytekin, Ç., & Değerli, B. (2015). Analyzing information technology status and networked readiness index in context of diffusion of innovations theory. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1553-1562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.190
  • Egger, R. (2007). Cyberglobetrotter–Touristen im Informationszeitalter. In Tourismus - Herausforderung - Zukunft (p. 433–451). Munster: LIT Verlag.
  • Erkmen, A., Kılıç, M. A., & Kutsal, D. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde İstanbul’daki Sanat Müzelerinin Erişilebilirliği: Sosyal Medya ve Dijital Uygulamalar Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(22), 271.
  • Eryılmaz, G., & Kaya, M. (2021). COVID-19 Dönemi Öncesi ve Sonrası Turizm Destinasyonlarına Yönelik Beklentilerin İncelenmesi. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.638
  • Gedik, Y. (2021). Turizm Sektöründe Destinasyon Pazarlaması: Eğilimler, Destinasyon Pazarlama Stratejileri ve Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Karşılaşılan Zorluklar Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Journal Of Tourism Intelligence And Smartness, 4(2), 117-139.
  • Gegez, E. (2015), Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi, 5. Baskı
  • Gentili, A., Barcham, W. L., & Whiteley, L. (2000). Paintings in the National Gallery, London. Little, Brown & Company.
  • Grunwald, S., Barak, P., McSweeney, K., & Lowery, B. (2000). Soil landscape models at different scales portrayed in virtual reality modeling language. Soil Science, 165(8), 598-615.
  • Harasymowicz, P. M. (2015). Outernet technologies in tourism: a conceptual framework and applications for the travel industry. In Iscontour 2015 - Tourism research perspectives: Proceedings of the international student conference in tourism research (p. 97). BoD – Books on Demand.
  • ICOM- International Concil Museum. (2007). Museum Definition. Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2021, Retrieved from https://icom.museum/en/resources/standards-guidelines/museum-definition/
  • ICOM- International Concil Museum. (2019). ICOM announces the alternative museum definition that will be subject to a vote. Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2021, Retrieved from https://icom.museum/en/news/icom-announces-the-alternative-museum-definition-that-will-be-subject-to-a-vote/
  • İstanbul Modern. (2021a). İstanbul Modern Hakkında. Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.istanbulmodern.org/tr/muze/hakkinda_3.html
  • İstanbul Modern. (2021b). Modern Sanata Dokunun. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2021, Retrieved from https://www.istanbulmodern.org/tr/tabletvekioskprojesi/proje/proje-hakkinda_4.html
  • İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi. (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/user/istanbulmodern/about Jang, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2021). Spatial and experimental analysis of peer-to-peer accommodation consumption during COVID-19. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100563
  • Karabıyık Yerden, N., Değerli, B., Uydacı, M., & Ergün Tuncay, İ. (2020). Deneyimsel Pazarlamada Gastronomi Turizmi Açısından Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması Kullanımının Deneyim Değeri Üzerine Etkisi: Artırılmış Gerçeklik Menu Uygulaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 174-193. https://doi.org/10.14514/byk.m.26515393.2020.8/1.174-193
  • Karabıyık Yerden, N. (2020). Covıd-19, Entrepreneurship And Marketıng. In D. Hıdıroglu, S. S. Aktug, & O. Yılmaz (Eds.), Covid-19 and New Business Ecosystem (pp. 347-370). Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Kotler, P., & Levy, S. J. (1969). Broadening the concept of marketing. Journal of marketing, 33(1), 10-15.
  • Kotler, P., Makens, J. C., Bowen, J. T., & Baloglu, S. (2018). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. Pearson Education. Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, M., & Zhou, Y. (2021). The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1959526
  • Mayrand, P. (2014). The new museology proclaimed. Museum International, 66(1-4), 115–118.
  • National Gallery. (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/c/nationalgallerylondon/about Neuburger, L., Beck, J., & Egger, R. (2018). Chapter 9 the ‘Phygital’ tourist experience: The use of augmented and virtual reality in destination marketing. Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing, 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-291-220181009
  • Paramita, I. B., & Putra, I. G. (2020). New Normal Bagi Pariwisata Bali Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Pariwisata Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Budaya, 5(2), 57-65.
  • Potterton, H., & Potterton, H. (1977). The National Gallery, London. Thames and Hudson. Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S., & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994
  • Samaroudi, M., Echavarria, K. R., & Perry, L. (2020). Heritage in lockdown: Digital provision of memory institutions in the UK and US of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 337-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2020.1810483
  • Santos, M.C.T.M. (2002). Reflexões sobre a nova museologia. Cadernos de Sociomuseologia, 18(18)
  • Sharma, A. (2013). Destination Marketing: Hamper of Opportunities for Tourism Industry, International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(5)
  • Sirkeci, I. (2020). Editorial: Marketing and consumers in an era of disruption caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Transnational Marketing Journal, 8(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v8i1.954
  • UNWTO. (2019). UNWTO Tourism Definitions, UNWTO, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420858
  • Wolcott, H. F. (1994). Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Sage.
  • Yerden, A. U., & Akkus, N. (2020). Virtual Reality Remote Access Laboratory for Teaching Programmable Logic Controller Topics. International Journal of Engineering Education, 36(5), 1708-1721.
  • Yerden, N. K. (2020). Consumption emotions and consumer values among Turkish consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transnational Marketing Journal, 8(2), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v8i2.1173

COVID 19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE DESTİNASYON PAZARLAMASI BAĞLAMINDA MÜZELERDE SANAL TUR UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZ

Year 2022, , 229 - 248, 27.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1062407

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemisi ortaya çıktığı günden itibaren tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alarak sağlıktan ekonomiye kadar birçok sektörü etkilemiştir. Etkilenen sektörlerin başında ise turizm sektörü gelmektedir. Özellikle tam kapanma gibi süreçlerde toplumun genelinin evden çalışması, birçok işin şeklini değiştirmiştir. Bu anlamda destinasyonların geliştirmiş oldukları sanal tur uygulamaları COVID-19 pandemisinde tüketicilere farklı bir alternatif sunmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte dünyanın pek çok yerine yapılan seyahatlerin kısıtlandığı bu süreçte, sanal gerçeklik, artırılmış gerçeklik gibi yeni teknolojik uygulamalar ile tüketicilerin istekleri ve talepleri karşılamaktadır. Aynı zamanda müzeler, sanal tur uygulamaları ile bulundukları destinasyonların tanıtımına da katkı sağlamışlardır. Bu araştırmada destinasyon pazarlaması bağlamında müzelerin sanal tur uygulamalarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ve müzelere ait sanal tur uygulamalarında farklılık olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında yurt içi ve yurt dışından seçilen iki müzenin sanal tur uygulamaları, kalitatif araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılarak karşılaştırılmıştır. Türkiye’den İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi ve İngiltere’den The National Gallery müzeleri, betimsel analiz kapsamında belirlenen destinasyon pazarlama stratejisi ve sanal gerçeklik programlama dili temalarına göre araştırılmıştır. Seçilen her iki müzenin sanal tur uygulamalarının destinasyon pazarlama stratejisi ve sanal gerçeklik programlama dili temalarına göre benzerlik gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

  • Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lampis, A. (2020). Italian state museums during the COVID-19 crisis: from onsite closure to online openness. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 362-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2020.1790029
  • Aksoy, H., & Ağca, Y. (2018). Niksar Çamiçi Yaylasının Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Pazarlama Stratejisi Ve Konumlandırma Kapsamına Alınması. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (29), 579-591. https://doi.org/10.16990/sobider.4528
  • Almlöf, E., Rubensson, I., Cebecauer, M., & Jenelius, E. (2020). Who is still travelling by public transport during COVID-19? Socioeconomic factors explaining travel behaviour in Stockholm based on smart card data. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3689091
  • Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S., & Yıldırım, E. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. Sakarya Yayıncılık. 5. Basım. Sakarya. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., & Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Australia
  • Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21(1), 97-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00095-3 Baker, M. J., & Cameron, E. (2008). Critical success factors in destination marketing. Tourism and hospitality research, 8(2), 79-97.
  • Chhabra, D. (2009). Proposing a sustainable marketing framework for heritage tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 303–320.
  • Coltman, M. M. (1989). Tourism marketing. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
  • Değerli, A., Aytekin, Ç., & Değerli, B. (2015). Analyzing information technology status and networked readiness index in context of diffusion of innovations theory. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1553-1562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.190
  • Egger, R. (2007). Cyberglobetrotter–Touristen im Informationszeitalter. In Tourismus - Herausforderung - Zukunft (p. 433–451). Munster: LIT Verlag.
  • Erkmen, A., Kılıç, M. A., & Kutsal, D. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde İstanbul’daki Sanat Müzelerinin Erişilebilirliği: Sosyal Medya ve Dijital Uygulamalar Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(22), 271.
  • Eryılmaz, G., & Kaya, M. (2021). COVID-19 Dönemi Öncesi ve Sonrası Turizm Destinasyonlarına Yönelik Beklentilerin İncelenmesi. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 17-36. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.638
  • Gedik, Y. (2021). Turizm Sektöründe Destinasyon Pazarlaması: Eğilimler, Destinasyon Pazarlama Stratejileri ve Destinasyon Pazarlamasında Karşılaşılan Zorluklar Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Çerçeve. Journal Of Tourism Intelligence And Smartness, 4(2), 117-139.
  • Gegez, E. (2015), Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul: Beta Yayınevi, 5. Baskı
  • Gentili, A., Barcham, W. L., & Whiteley, L. (2000). Paintings in the National Gallery, London. Little, Brown & Company.
  • Grunwald, S., Barak, P., McSweeney, K., & Lowery, B. (2000). Soil landscape models at different scales portrayed in virtual reality modeling language. Soil Science, 165(8), 598-615.
  • Harasymowicz, P. M. (2015). Outernet technologies in tourism: a conceptual framework and applications for the travel industry. In Iscontour 2015 - Tourism research perspectives: Proceedings of the international student conference in tourism research (p. 97). BoD – Books on Demand.
  • ICOM- International Concil Museum. (2007). Museum Definition. Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2021, Retrieved from https://icom.museum/en/resources/standards-guidelines/museum-definition/
  • ICOM- International Concil Museum. (2019). ICOM announces the alternative museum definition that will be subject to a vote. Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2021, Retrieved from https://icom.museum/en/news/icom-announces-the-alternative-museum-definition-that-will-be-subject-to-a-vote/
  • İstanbul Modern. (2021a). İstanbul Modern Hakkında. Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.istanbulmodern.org/tr/muze/hakkinda_3.html
  • İstanbul Modern. (2021b). Modern Sanata Dokunun. Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2021, Retrieved from https://www.istanbulmodern.org/tr/tabletvekioskprojesi/proje/proje-hakkinda_4.html
  • İstanbul Modern Sanat Müzesi. (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/user/istanbulmodern/about Jang, S., Kim, J., Kim, J., & Kim, S. (2021). Spatial and experimental analysis of peer-to-peer accommodation consumption during COVID-19. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 20, 100563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100563
  • Karabıyık Yerden, N., Değerli, B., Uydacı, M., & Ergün Tuncay, İ. (2020). Deneyimsel Pazarlamada Gastronomi Turizmi Açısından Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması Kullanımının Deneyim Değeri Üzerine Etkisi: Artırılmış Gerçeklik Menu Uygulaması Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Beykoz Akademi Dergisi, 174-193. https://doi.org/10.14514/byk.m.26515393.2020.8/1.174-193
  • Karabıyık Yerden, N. (2020). Covıd-19, Entrepreneurship And Marketıng. In D. Hıdıroglu, S. S. Aktug, & O. Yılmaz (Eds.), Covid-19 and New Business Ecosystem (pp. 347-370). Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Kotler, P., & Levy, S. J. (1969). Broadening the concept of marketing. Journal of marketing, 33(1), 10-15.
  • Kotler, P., Makens, J. C., Bowen, J. T., & Baloglu, S. (2018). Marketing for hospitality and tourism. Pearson Education. Lu, J., Xiao, X., Xu, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, M., & Zhou, Y. (2021). The potential of virtual tourism in the recovery of tourism industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Issues in Tourism, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1959526
  • Mayrand, P. (2014). The new museology proclaimed. Museum International, 66(1-4), 115–118.
  • National Gallery. (2021). Erişim Tarihi: 29.11.2021, Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/c/nationalgallerylondon/about Neuburger, L., Beck, J., & Egger, R. (2018). Chapter 9 the ‘Phygital’ tourist experience: The use of augmented and virtual reality in destination marketing. Tourism Planning and Destination Marketing, 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-291-220181009
  • Paramita, I. B., & Putra, I. G. (2020). New Normal Bagi Pariwisata Bali Di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Pariwisata Budaya: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Budaya, 5(2), 57-65.
  • Potterton, H., & Potterton, H. (1977). The National Gallery, London. Thames and Hudson. Qiu, R. T., Park, J., Li, S., & Song, H. (2020). Social costs of tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Tourism Research, 84, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2020.102994
  • Samaroudi, M., Echavarria, K. R., & Perry, L. (2020). Heritage in lockdown: Digital provision of memory institutions in the UK and US of America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 337-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09647775.2020.1810483
  • Santos, M.C.T.M. (2002). Reflexões sobre a nova museologia. Cadernos de Sociomuseologia, 18(18)
  • Sharma, A. (2013). Destination Marketing: Hamper of Opportunities for Tourism Industry, International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research, 2(5)
  • Sirkeci, I. (2020). Editorial: Marketing and consumers in an era of disruption caused by COVID-19 pandemic. Transnational Marketing Journal, 8(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v8i1.954
  • UNWTO. (2019). UNWTO Tourism Definitions, UNWTO, Madrid. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284420858
  • Wolcott, H. F. (1994). Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Sage.
  • Yerden, A. U., & Akkus, N. (2020). Virtual Reality Remote Access Laboratory for Teaching Programmable Logic Controller Topics. International Journal of Engineering Education, 36(5), 1708-1721.
  • Yerden, N. K. (2020). Consumption emotions and consumer values among Turkish consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transnational Marketing Journal, 8(2), 135-160. https://doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v8i2.1173
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nevin Karabıyık Yerden 0000-0003-1114-2672

Mert Uydacı 0000-0002-8792-2889

Publication Date June 27, 2022
Submission Date January 24, 2022
Acceptance Date May 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Karabıyık Yerden, N., & Uydacı, M. (2022). COVID 19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE DESTİNASYON PAZARLAMASI BAĞLAMINDA MÜZELERDE SANAL TUR UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZ. Journal of Research in Business, 7(1), 229-248. https://doi.org/10.54452/jrb.1062407