THE MEDIATION ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE IN THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL VIRTUOUSNESS ON WORK PRODUCTIVITY

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 26 - 53, 21.06.2021

H. Tezcan Uysal

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine whether organizational virtuousness (OV) has a meaningful effect on work productivity (WP), to examine whether organizational justice (OJ) has an intermediate role on this effect and to determine the statistical difference of WP according to demographic factors. Accordingly, data has been obtained from 212 people working in the public and private sectors using the survey method. This data has been analyzed using factor analysis, correlation, regression, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests using SPSS and AMOS package programs. According to the findings obtained as a result of the analyzes carried out; a positive correlation has been found between OV and WP, and it has been found that OJ had a partial mediating effect on this relationship. As a result of the analysis to examine the differences, it has been found that WP did not show a significant difference according to monthly income level and duration of work experience.

Keywords

Organizational Virtuousness, Work Productivity, Organizational Justice

THE MEDIATION ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE IN THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL VIRTUOUSNESS ON WORK PRODUCTIVITY

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı; işte üretkenlik üzerinde örgütsel erdemliliğin anlamlı bir etkisi olup olmadığı saptamak, eğer işte üretkenlik üzerinde örgütsel erdemliliğin anlamlı bir etkisi var ise bu etki üzerinde örgütsel adalet algısının aracılık rolü olup olmadığını incelemek ve işte üretkenliğin demografik faktörlere göre istatistikî farklılığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak kamu ve özel sektörde çalışan 212 kişiden anket yöntemi kullanılarak veri elde edilmiştir. Bu veriler SPSS ve AMOS paket programları kullanılarak faktör analizi, korelasyon, regresyon, Mann-Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis H testleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre; örgütsel erdemlilik ile işte üretkenlik arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmış, bu ilişki üzerinde ise örgütsel adalet algısının kısmi aracılık etkisinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Farklılıkları incelemeye yönelik analizler sonucunda işte üretkenliğin aylık gelir düzeyine ve iş deneyimi süresine göre ise anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Örgütsel Erdemlilik, İşte Üretkenlik, Örgütsel Adalet

References

• Abedi, S. H., Eslami, H., & Amrolahi, N. (2014). The role of organizational virtuousness on the organizational commitment of employees (Case study: Islamic Azad university). Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 5(10), 118-130.
• Abedikooshki, S., & Zeinabadi, H. (2016). Organizational Virtuousness in Schools: A Review of Factor Structure of a Tool in Secondary Schools. Journal of Administrative Management, Education and Training, 12(2), 60-69.
• Abekah-Nkrumah, G., & Atinga, R. A. (2013). Exploring the link between organisational justice and job satisfaction and performance in Ghanaian hospitals. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 6(3), 189-204.
• Akçay, A., & Atilla, G. (2019). İş Motivasyon Araçlarının ve Eğitim-Geliştirme Faaliyetlerinin Çalışanların İş Üretkenliğine Etkisi. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 5(31), 1459-1488.
• Anggitaningsih, R., & Handriyono, H. (2019). Effect of Environmental Work Leadership Style Compensation On Employee Productivity Intervening As Employee Satisfaction In Business Unit Pt. Brantas Bipraya In Jakarta. Internatıonal Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(7), 182-189.
• Atmaja, N. P. C. D., & Puspitawati, N. M. D. (2018). Effect of Physical Work Environment Through Productivity Employees Job Satisfaction As An Intervening Variable. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 17(5), 98-103. Barclay, L. A., Markel, K. S., & Yugo, J. E. (2012). Virtue theory and organizations: considering persons with disabilities. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 27(4), 330-346.
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
• Been, I. D., & Beijer, M. (2014). The influence of office type on satisfaction and perceived productivity support. Journal of Facilities Management, 12(2), 142-157.
• Bendaravičienė, R., Vveinhardt, J., & Vinickyte, I. (2019). Guidelines of integrated management solutions: volunteers’ emotional intelligence, intercultural training and work productivity. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 17(2), 404-414.
• Bergami, M., & Morandin, G. (2019). Relationship between perceived justice and identification. Employee Relations, 41(1), 176-192.
• Bhagat, V., Haque, M., & Simbak N. B. (2018). Burnout flattens the professional work productivity. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ, 13, 217-226.
• Bright, D. S., Cameron, K. S., & Caza, A. (2006). The amplifying and buffering effects of virtuousness in downsized organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(3), 249-269.
• Budiyono (2019). Motivation of Work, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Commitment towards Work Productivity Lecturers and Employees of Economics College AAS Surakarta. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(5), 226-236.
• Burton, W. N., Schultz, A. B., Chen, C. Y., & Edington, D. W. (2008). The association of worker productivity and mental health: a review of the literature. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 1(2), 78-94.
• Cameron, K. S. (2003). Organizational virtuousness and performance. Positive organizational Scholarship, 48-65.
• Cameron, K. S., Bright, D., & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766-790.
• Chandel, P. K., & Shahi, S. (2017). A Study to find out the Relationship Between Personality and Work Productivity. Psyber News, 8(1), 13-21.
• Chandraratne, M., Kodituwakku, D., & Upendra, J. (2018). Impact of Job Stress on Work Productivity: A Study Based on Travel Executıves of Sri Lanka. ICBT Campus, Annual International Research Sympossium, Sri Lanka.
• Chen, J., Taylor, B., Palmer, A. J., Kirk-Brown, A., van Dijk, P., Simpson Jr, S., ..., & van der Mei, I. (2019). Estimating MS-related work productivity loss and factors associated with work productivity loss in a representative Australian sample of people with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 25(7), 994-1004.
• Corbiere, M., Zaniboni, S., Dewa, C. S., Villotti, P., Lecomte, T., Taieb, H., Hupe, J., & Fraccaroli, F. (2019). Work productivity of people with a psychiatric disability working in social firms. Work, 62, 151-160.
• Cropanzano, R., Bowen, D. E., & Gilliland, S. W. (2007). The management of organizational justice. Academy of management perspectives, 21(4), 34-48.
• Çöp, S., & Doğanay, A. (2019). Pasif İletişim Tarzının Örgütsel Muhalefete Etkisinde Örgütsel Erdemliliğin Düzenleyici Rolü: Bir Alan Araştırması. Third Sector Social Economic Review, 54(3), 1458-1475.
• Demir, İ. B., Ürek, D., & Uğurluoğlu, Ö. (2017). Sağlık Çalışanlarının Sanal Kaytarma Davranışlarının İşte Üretkenliklerine Etkisi. Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 8(30), 291-303.
• Duru, C. E., & Shimawua, D. (2017). The Effect of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Edo City Transport Services Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 5(5), 23-29.
• Elqadri, Z. M., Wardoyo, D. T. W., & Priyono (2015). The Influence of Motivation and Discipline Work against Employee Work Productivity Tona’an Markets. Review of European Studies, 7(12), 59-66.
• Endicott, J., & Nee, J. (1997). Endicott Work Productivity Scale (EWPS): a new measure to assess treatment effects. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 33(1), 13-16.
• Erkmen, T., & Esen, E. (2012). Örgütsel Erdemlilik Ölçeginin Uyarlanmasi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalismasi/Adaptation of the Organizational Virtuousness Scale: Validity and Reliability Studies. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(4), 107-121.
• Esfandiari, M., Zaid, S. M., Ismail, M. A., & Aflaki, A. (2017). Influence of indoor environmental quality on work productivity in green office buildings: A review. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 56, 385-390.
• Fernando, M., & Chowdhury, R. (2015). Cultivation of virtuousness and self-actualization in the workplace. The handbook of virtue ethics in business and management, 1-13.
• Fernando, M., Caputi, P., & Ashbury, F. (2017). Impact on employee productivity from presenteeism and absenteeism: evidence from a multinational firm in Sri Lanka. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(7), 691-696.
• George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference, 4th ed., Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
• Greenberg, J. (2011). Organizational justice: The dynamics of fairness in the workplace. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbooks in psychology. APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 3. Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization (271–327). American Psychological Association
• Haddad, R., Karkoulian, S., & Nehme, R. (2018). The impact of 360 feedback appraisal system on organizational justice and sustainability: The mediating roles of gender and managerial levels. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(3), 712-728.
• Hao, Y., Hao, J., & Wang, X. (2016). The relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction. Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management, 7(2), 115-128.
• Hassan, A., & Hashim, J. (2011). Role of organizational justice in determining work outcomes of national and expatriate academic staff in Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), 82-93.
• Haybatollahi, M., & Gyekye, S. A. (2015). Organizational Justice: A Cross-National Comparative Study of Ghanaian Industrial Workers and Their Finnish Counterparts. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior (PrAcademics Press), 18(2), 231-252.
• Hur, W. M., Shin, Y., Rhee, S. Y., & Kim, H. (2017). Organizational virtuousness perceptions and task crafting. Career Development International, 22(4), 436-459.
• Ierodiakonou, C., & Stavrou, E. (2015). Part time work, productivity and institutional policies. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(2), 176-200.
• Ismail, M., & Baki, N. U. (2017). Organizational factors of justice and culture leading to organizational identification in merger and acquisition. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(8), 687-704.
• Jiang, Z., Gollan, P. J., & Brooks, G. (2015). Moderation of doing and mastery orientations in relationships among justice, commitment, and trust. Cross Cultural Management, 22(1), 42-67.
• Karakas, F., Sarigollu, E., & Kavas, M. (2015). Discourses of collective spirituality and Turkish Islamic ethics: An inquiry into transcendence, connectedness, and virtuousness in Anatolian tigers. Journal of business ethics, 129(4), 811-822.
• Khalid, S., Muqadas, F., Farooqi, Y. A., & Nazish, A. (2014). Impact of LMX on organizational justice and organizational justice on organizational citizenship behavior. Europan Journal of Business and management, 5(2), 144-160.
• Khanzadi, M., Nasirzadeh, F., Mir, M., & Nojedehi, P. (2018). Prediction and improvement of labor productivity using hybrid system dynamics and agent-based modeling approach. Construction Innovation, 18(1), 2-9.
• Lesiuk, T. (2005). The effect of music listening on work performance. Psychology of Music, 33(2), 173-191.
• Magnier-Watanabe, R., Uchida, T., Orsini, P., & Benton, C. (2017). Organizational virtuousness and job performance in Japan: does happiness matter?. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(4), 628-646.
• Matin, H. Z., Razavi, H. R., Azimy, L., & Emamgholizadeh, S. (2014). Is stress management related to workforce productivity?. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 7(1), 1-19.
• Meyer, M. (2018). The evolution and challenges of the concept of organizational virtuousness in positive organizational scholarship. Journal of Business Ethics, 153(1), 245-264.
• Muhammad, A. H. (2004). Procedural justice as mediator between participation in decision-making and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 14(3-4), 58-69.
• Myhill, A., & Bradford, B. (2013). Overcoming cop culture? Organizational justice and police officers’ attitudes toward the public. Policing: an international journal of police strategies & management, 36(2), 338-356.
• Ngozi, N. P., & Ifeoma, O. R. (2015). The Role of Ffective Communication on Organizational Performance: A Study of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Review of public administration and management, 400(3617), 1-18.
• Niehoff, B. P., & Moorman, R. H. (1993). Justice as a mediator of the relationship between methods of monitoring and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management journal, 36(3), 527-556.
• Nikandrou, I., & Tsachouridi, I. (2015). Towards a better understanding of the “buffering effects” of organizational virtuousness’ perceptions on employee outcomes. Management Decision, 53(8), 1823-1842.
• Okazaki, E., Nishi, D., Susukida, R., Inoue, A., Shimazu, A., & Tsutsumi, A. (2019). Association between working hours, work engagement, and work productivity in employees: A cross‐sectional study of the Japanese Study of Health, Occupation, and Psychosocial Factors Relates Equity. Psyber News, 61(2), 182-188.
• Olusanya, S. O., Awotungase, S. A., & Chukwuemeka, O. E. (2012). Effective Planning and Organisational Productivity. Journal of Humanities And Social Science, 5(5), 31-39.
• Palvalin, M. (2019). What matters for knowledge work productivity. Employee Relations, 41(1), 209-227.
• Petreanu, V., Iordache, R., & Seracin, M. (2013). Assessment of work stress influence on work productivity in Romanian companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 92, 420-425.
• Pires, M. L., & Nunes, F. (2018). The mediating role of virtuousness in human resource management and job outcomes. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 58(4), 380-392.
• Polatcı, S., & Özçalık, F. (2015). Çalışanların örgütsel adalet algıları ile üretkenlik karşıtı iş davranışları etkileşiminde pozitif ve negatif duygusallığın aracılık etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(2), 215-234. Rai, S. (2015). Organizational justice and employee mental health’s moderating roles in organizational identification. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 4(1), 68-84.
• Ramdeo, S., & Singh, R. (2019). Abusive supervision, co-worker abuse and work outcomes: procedural justice as a mediator. In Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 7(3), 325-341.
• Randeree, K., & Malik, I. (2008). Models for Leading with Organizational Justice: Equitable Management of the Human Resource in Diverse Environments. International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities & Nations, 7(6) , 65-69.
• Ravianto, J. (1986). Produktivitas dan Pengukuran. Jakarta: Binaman Teknika Aksara.
• Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., & Cunha, M. P. (2010). Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and happiness as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215-235.
• Salem, M. E. A., Hegazy, N. N., & Mohamed, S. G. (2016). The effect of diabetes and hypertension on work productivity and job satisfaction. Menoufia Medical Journal, 29(4), 1106-1111.
• Savery, L. K. (1996). Productivity improvement: a working person’s view. Journal of Management Development, 5(7), 16-26.
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Shahid, S., & Muchiri, M. (2019). Positivity at the workplace: Conceptualising the relationships between authentic leadership, psychological capital, organisational virtuousness, thriving and job performance. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(3), 494-523.
• Shamma, F. (2018). Organizational Justice among School Principals within Israeli Arab Schools from the Teachers' Point of View. International Journal of Science and Research, 7(3), 130-132.
• Stamenkovic, S., Njegovan, B. R., & Vukadinovic, M. S. (2018). Intra-national diversity. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25(3), 425-442.
• Sumiyati, S., Masharyono, M., Pratama, K. F., & Purnama, R. (2016). The Effect of Social Work Environment on Employee Productivity in Manufacturing Company in Indonesia. In 2016 Global Conference on Business, Management and Entrepreneurship. Atlantis Press.
• Taiwo, A. S. (2010). The influence of work environment on workers productivity: A case of selected oil and gas industry in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Business Management, 4(3), 299-307.
• Tolukan, E., & Akyel, Y. (2019). Research on the Relationship between Trainers' Turnover Intention and Organizational Justice. International Journal of Higher Education, 8(1), 181-192.
• Tsachouridi, I., & Nikandrou, I. (2016). Organizational virtuousness and spontaneity: A social identity view. Personnel Review, 45(6), 1302-1322.
• Ugwu, F. O. (2012). Are good morals often reciprocated? Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and optimism as predictors of work engagement. Work, 1(3), 188-198.
• Uğuz, Ş., İnanç, Y. B., Yerlikaya, E., & Aydın, H. (2004). Endicott İşte Üretkenlik Ölçeği’nin (EİÜÖ) Türk toplumunda geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 15(3), 209-214.
• Velciu, M. (2017). Job Mismatch–Effects on Work Productivity. SEA–Practical Application of Science, (15), 395-398. Voordt, J. M. (2004). Productivity and employee satisfaction in flexible workplaces. Journal of Corporate Real Estate, 6(2), 133-148.
• Vveinhardt, J., Bendaraviciene, R., & Vinickyte, I. (2019). Mediating factor of emotional intelligence in intercultural competence and work productivity of volunteers. Sustainability, 11(9), 2625.
• Wiili-Peltola, E., Kivimäki, M., Elovainio, M., & Virtanen, M. (2007). Organisational justice and employee perceptions on hospital management. Journal of health organization and management, 21(3), 320-332.
• Williams, P., Kern, M. L., & Waters, L. (2015). A longitudinal examination of the association between psychological capital, perception of organizational virtues and work happiness in school staff. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(5), 1-18.
• Xavier, R. M., Zerbini, C. A. F., Pollak, D. F., Morales-Torres, J. L. A., Chalem, P., Restrepo, J. F. M., ..., & Dávila, A. P. (2019). Burden of rheumatoid arthritis on patients’ work productivity and quality of life. Advances in Rheumatology, 59(1), 47-58.
• Yamada, M., Mizuno, Y., & Shigeyasu, C. (2012). Impact of dry eye on work productivity. ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research: CEOR, 4, 307-312.
• Yıldırım, F. (2002). Çalışma Yaşamında Örgüte Bağlılık ve Örgütsel Adalet İlişkisi. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji (Sosyal Psikoloji) Anabilim Dalı Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi.
• Yücel, C., & Taşçı, S. K. (2008). Öğretmenlerin Kişilik Özellikleri ve Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (20), 685-706.
• Zhang, L., Nie, T., & Luo, Y. (2009). Matching organizational justice with employment modes. Journal of Technology Management in China, 4(2), 180-187.