Please use the following templates and files:

Click here to download the manuscript template

Click here to download the cover page template

Click here to download the checklist file

Click here to download the Copyright Agreement Form

• Articles written in Turkish and English are accepted by the journal

• Manuscripts to be submitted should not exceed 27 pages, including text, tables, figures, references, and appendices.
  
  
• Since the double blind peer-review system is implemented through DergiPark, the article and the cover page must be submitted as two separate files.
  
  
• Information about the authors should not appear in the main manuscript..
  
  
• The cover page should include the title of the article, the names and surnames of all authors, their titles, their institutions, email addresses, ORCID numbers, and, if there is more than one author, the corresponding author’s contact details, including a telephone number. Additionally, any acknowledgments (e.g., to individuals or institutions) and other explanations or notes, if any, should be included.

• On the cover page, the table regarding the authors' contributions must be completed. The authors' contribution rates should be specified for conception or design of the work, data collection, data analysis and interpretation, drafting the article, critical revision of the article and final approval of the version to be published.

• Submitted articles undergo a similarity check. The similarity rate should be below 20%, excluding references.

The following guidelines must be considered in articles

Title

• The title should be concise and provide clear information about the subject of the article.

Abstract

• After the English title, abstract should follow. The abstract should concisely explain the purpose of the study, the methods applied, the findings, and the results. The abstract must not exceed 150 words.

Keywords

• At the end of the abstract, a maximum of four keywords that best describe the content of the article must be provided.

Jel Classification

• Appropriate JEL classification codes should be provided for the study. For JEL Classification System, please click here.

Türkish Title

• Provide Turkish title

Turkish Abstract

• The Turkish abstract should not exceed 150 words.

Turkish Keywords

• Turkish keywords should be provided here.

Jel Classification

• Appropriate Jel classification numbers should be given for the study.

Extended Summaryt

• In articles written in English, an extended abstract in Turkish is preferred but not compulsory. The extended abstract should begin from the second page, be written without indentation, contain at least 500 words, and be formatted in Times New Roman, 11-point font, italicized.
• An abstract is a critical section that concisely summarizes the content of a study, enabling readers to evaluate the work. A well-crafted abstract must be accurate (reflecting the research's objectives and findings), unbiased (free of interpretation or critique), coherent (written in clear language with logical flow), and concise (avoiding unnecessary details while incorporating relevant keywords). The structure may vary depending on the study type: empirical research should emphasize methods and results, whereas theoretical studies should highlight literature synthesis. The abstract must both inform readers and enhance the article’s discoverability.
• Redundancy, such as reiterating the paper’s title, squanders valuable space and should be avoided. Instead, the abstract should emphasize four to five pivotal elements—such as research questions, methodologies, key findings, and implications—that collectively encapsulate the study’s contribution.

Introduction 

• The introduction should begin on the second page and be labeled as "1. Introduction."
• he introduction section should present the research topic, define the research problem, outline the study's objectives, and explain its significance. It should set the context, highlight the research gap, and prepare the reader for the study's approach and structure.

Literature Review 

• The literature review section should provide a comprehensive overview of existing research related to the study topic. It should critically analyze and synthesize relevant theories, concepts, and findings from previous studies, identifying patterns, trends, and gaps in the literature. This section should establish the foundation for the current research by showing how it builds on or differs from past work. It helps to justify the research problem, support the research methodology, and demonstrate the study's contribution to the academic field.

Data and Methodology

• The Data and Methodology section should provide detailed information about how the research was conducted. It should explain the data sources, the methods used to collect the data, and the analytical techniques employed to answer the research questions.
• The data section describes the data used in the study, including the type (e.g., qualitative or quantitative), source (e.g., surveys, databases, experiments), and time frame. It also includes information about any variables measured and how the data were selected or sampled.
• Methodology section outlines the approach used to analyze the data. This can include econometric techniques , qualitative methods etc. It also explains why these methods were chosen, how they were applied, and any assumptions or limitations involved.

Results and Discussions

• The Results section presents the raw data, while the Discussion interprets and contextualizes those findings.
• Results section should clearly present the main findings of the study. It may include tables, graphs, and charts to summarize the data in a digestible format.
• The results should be supported by statistical tests (if applicable) or qualitative analysis, with important trends or patterns highlighted.
• The results section should focus on presenting the facts without interpretation or speculation.
• In Discussion section, the researcher should explain the meaning of the results, how they answer the research questions, and how they relate to previous studies.
• The findings are compared to existing research, highlighting similarities, differences, or contradictions.
• The researcher discusses the implications of the results, both theoretically and practically.

Conclusion

• The conclusion section should also be numbered.
• The conclusion should provide a clear, final statement on the study's overall significance, leaving the reader with a sense of closure.
• The Conclusion section should summarize the main findings of the study, offering a concise overview of the results and their implications.
• Briefly restate the primary results and how they address the research questions or hypotheses.
• Discuss the broader implications of the findings, both in terms of theory and practical application.
• Highlight the unique contributions the study makes to the field and how it advances knowledge.
• Acknowledge any limitations of the study that could impact the interpretation or generalizability of the results.
• Recommend areas for future research, based on the study's findings or limitations.

Authorship, Conflict of Interest, Funding and Ethical Statements

• After the conclusion section, the authors' Authorship Declaration, Conflict of Interest Statement, Funding Statement, and Ethical Statement should be included with appropriate content.
  

Headings and Subheadings

• In all titles, the first letters of the major words should be capitalized, and the other letters should be lowercase.
• Main headings should begin with “1. Introduction," and subheadings should be numbered hierarchically, such as 2.1.
• All headings must be formatted in bold.
• A single line of space must be left before main headings.

Figures and Tables

• All figures and tables must be inserted into the text in their appropriate locations and numbered sequentially.
• Figures and tables should be mentioned by referring the number in the text.
• All types of graphical displays other than tables are considered figures.
• Table and figure titles should be placed at the top. Notes related to tables and figures, as well as any cited sources, should be indicated at the bottom.
• Use borders in tables sparingly for clarity—only at the top, bottom, under headings, above spanners, and to separate summary rows. Avoid vertical borders and cell outlines, relying instead on spacing and alignment to show relationships.
  

Equations

• Equations must be numbered sequentially.
•  Equations should not be in picture format.

Abbreviations 

• All abbreviations must be written in full within parentheses upon first use.

Appendices

• Appendices, if included, must be placed after the References. For only one appendix, use the label “Appendix.”; for multiple appendices, use the label “Appendix A”, "Appendix B" accordingly.
  

Citations and References

• Citations and references must adhere to the publication guidelines of the APA 7 (American Psychological Association) Manual.
• All works cited in the text must be included in the References. The References must include all sources cited in the article and exclude any works not referenced in the text.
• Citations must be provided within the text not in footnotes.
• If the sentence does not include the title of the work, the citation should appear in parentheses at the end of the sentence, e.g., (Sharpe, 2005). For two authors, citations must be formatted as (Altınok & Eken, 2005), for more than two (Eken et al., 2015).
• To specify page numbers, include them after the year, separated by a comma, e.g., (Ansari, 2007, p. 126).
• When citing multiple works in the same sentence, sort alphabetically and separate them with semicolons within the parentheses, e.g., (Eken 2008; Kale 205; Sharpe, 2005; Taylor et al., 1970 ).
• For narrative citation include the author’s surname and the publication year in parentheses, e.g., According to Sharpe (2005).
• If the year and author is the part of the sentence do not cite. e.g. "In 1952, Markowitz introduced a new approach in portfolio management..."
• For a work with one or two authors, works, use author(s) information in every citations. e.g. (Altınok & Eken, 2005.
• For a work with three or more authors, use the information of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation. e.g. (Eken et al., 2008).
• If an author has multiple works published in the same year, differentiate them using letters (e.g., İlseven, 2005a; İlseven, 2005b).
• If two authors have the same surnames in citation, use initials in every usage. e.g. (S. Kale, 2015; H. Kale 2020) 
• Abbreviations may be used for institutional studies, and, where applicable, the short name of the work may be included as descriptive information (e.g., CMB Communiqué No. xxx, 2004).
• When citing laws, communiqués, or regulations, include the law number and article number clearly, e.g., (Law No. 3167, Article 16).
• Cite primary sources when possible, and sparingly use secondary sources.
• Referenced works must be listed in the "References" section.
• When listing references, attention should be paid to the type of source being referenced.
• For including online sources, the correct classification of the source must be determined. For example, a report obtained from a government institution’s website should be cited as a report, not as a website.
• For online sources with a DOI, only the DOI should be provided. If an online source does not have a DOI and is accessible to the user, the URL should be included.
• References should be listed in alphabetical order based on the author’s surname.
• Online and printed sources should be listed together and not separated into different sections.

Reference Examples

• Articles (with DOI):
  Avkiran, N. K. (2011). Association of DEA Super-Efficiency Estimates with Financial Ratios: Investigating The Case For Chinese Banks. Omega, 39(3), 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2010.08.001

• Articles (without DOI):
  Türkdönmez, C. S., & Babuşcu, Ş. (2019). Bankaların Karlılık Performansını Etkileyen Faktörler. Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(1), 37-54. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jcsci/issue/44583/524800

• Book (with DOI)
  Ray, S. C. (2004). Data Envelopment Analysis: Theory and Techniques for Economics and Operations Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606731

• Book (without DOI)
  Krolzig, H.-M. (2013). Markov-Switching Vector Autoregressions: Modelling, Statistical Inference, and Application to Business Cycle Analysis. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
  Bildirici, M. E., Alp, E. A., Ersin, Ö. Ö., & Bozoklu, Ü. (2010). İktisatta Kullanılan Doğrusal Olmayan Zaman Serisi Yöntemleri. İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  

• Chapter in Book:
  Paradi, J. C., Yang, Z., & Zhu, H. (2011). Assessing Bank and Bank Branch Performance. In W. W. Cooper, L. M. Seiford, & J. Zhu (Eds.), Handbook on Data Envelopment Analysis (pp. 315-361). Boston, MA: Springer US.
  

• Report:
  IMF (2024). World Economic Outlook. https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2024/October/English/text.ashx
  

• Dataset
  Worldbank (2025). World Development Indicators (Data Set). https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators