THE IMPACT OF NARCISSISTIC LEADERSHIP STYLE ON INDIVIDUAL OUTCOMES: THE ROLE OF JOB AUTONOMY
Year 2022,
Volume: 44 Issue: 1, 197 - 220, 24.06.2022
Gülnur Yağıcı
,
Burcu Aydın Küçük
Abstract
The aim of this study is to understand the effect of narcissistic leadership perception on the psychological
well-being of employees and the mediating role of work alienation in this relationship. In addition, it is
thought that job autonomy has a moderating role in the effect of work alienation on psychological wellbeing.
In this regard, a cross-sectional study is conducted with the participation of 272 individuals working
in different businesses in Istanbul / Turkey. The data of the research are collected online with the survey
links sent to the participants via e-mail. After the validity and reliability analyzes are done on the data
obtained through the convenience sampling method, the hypothesis tests are performed. Findings confirm
that narcissistic leadership has a negative effect on employees’ psychological well-being. Moreover, it has
been confirmed that work alienation has a mediating role between narcissistic leadership and psychological
well-being. At the same time, the obtained results show that job autonomy has a significant moderator role
in the effect of work alienation on psychological well-being.
References
- Agarwal, S. (1993). Influence of formalization on role stress, organizational commitment, and work alienation
of salespersons: A cross-national comparative study, Journal of International Business Studies, 24(4),
715-739.
- Alderfer, C. P. (1969). An empirical test of a new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior & Human
Performance, 4(2), 142–175.
- Alparslan, A. M., Kıran, F., Kılıç Aksoy, Ş. & Pehlivan, D. (2020). Mutsuz eden yöneticilerden beklenen liderlik
tarzları üzerine senaryo araştırması, Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 65-72.
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P. & Anderson, P.C. (2006), The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism, Journal of Research
in Personality, 40, 440-450.
- Asrar‑ul‑Haq, M. & Anjum, T. (2020). Impact of narcissistic leadership on employee work outcomes in banking
sector of Pakistan, Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1-9.
- Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik Kişilik envanterinin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 181-196.
- Aydın Küçük, B. (2019). The impacts of toxic organizational climate, narcissistic leader and workplace envy on
individual outcomes of counterproductive work behavior, work exhaustion and contextual performance:
The roles of perceived self-esteem and self-control, (Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul).
- Banai, M., Reisel, W. D. & Probst, T. M. (2004). A managerial and personal control model: predictions of work
alienation and organizational commitment in Hungary, Journal of International Management, 10, 375–
392.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological
research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
- Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine.
- Brey, P. (1999). Worker autonomy and the drama of digital networks in organizations, Journal of Business Ethics,
22, 15–25.
- Chung-Yan, G. A. (2010). The nonlinear effects of job complexity and autonomy on job satisfaction, turnover,
and psychological well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(3), 237.
- Cindiloğlu Demirer, M. (2019). Kişi örgüt uyumunun iş performansı üzerine etkisi: Mutluluğun aracılık rolü,
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 283-302.
- Clausen, T., Pedersen, L. R. M., Andersen, M. F., Theorell, T., & Madsen, I. E. (2021). Job autonomy and
psychological well-being: A linear or a non-linear association?. European Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology, 1-11.
- Dee, J. R., Henkin, A. B. & Chen, J. H-H. (2000). Faculty autonomy: Perspectives from Taiwan, Higher Education,
40, 203–216.
- De Spiegelaere, S., Gyes, G. V. & Hootegem, G. V. (2016). Not all autonomy is the same. Different dimensions of
job autonomy and their relation to work engagement & innovative work behavior, Human Faactors and
Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 515-527.
- Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., et al. (2009). New measures of
wellbeing. Social Indicators Research Series, 39.
- Dysvik, A. & Kuvaas, B. (2011). Intrinsic motivation as a moderator on the relationship between perceived job
autonomy and work performance, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(3), 367-
387.
- Ellis, H. (1898). Auto-eroticism: A psychological study. Alienist and Neurologist, 19: 260-299.
- Erkutlu, H. (2014). Exploring the moderating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between
narcissism and psychological well-being. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 150, 1148-1156.
- Farooqui, S. & Nagendra, A. (2014). The impact of person organization fit on job satisfaction and performance
of the employees, Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 122-129.
- Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384-412.
- Fromm, E. (1955). The sane society. Rinehart & Co..
- Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology,
55(3), 259–286.
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational
Behavior & Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
- Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation.
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1-22.
- Herzberg, F. (1959). The motivation to work. new york wiley
- Hirschfeld, R.R. & Field, H.S. (2000). Work centrality and work alienation: Distinct aspects of a general
commitment to work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 789-800.
- Hoy, W. K., Blazovsky, R. & Newland, W. (1983). Bureaucracy and alienation: A comparative analysis. The
Journal of Educational Administration, 21 (2), 109-121.
- Jesús Suárez-Mendoza, M. & Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. (2008), The impact of work alienation on
organizational citizenship behavior in the Canary Islands, International Journal of Organizational
Analysis, 15(1), 56 – 76.
- Kanungo, R. N. (1983). Work Alienation: A Pancultural Perspective, International Studies of Management &
Organization, 13(1-2), 119-138.
- Kanungo, R. N. (1990). Culture and work alienation: Western models and Eastern realities, International Journal
of Psychology, 25, 795-812.
- Kernberg, O. F. (1979). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with borderline adolescents. Adolescent Psychiatry,
7, 294–321.
- Kets de Vries, M. F., & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations perspective. Human
Relations, 38(6).
- Keyes, C. L. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1999). Psychological well-being in midlife. In S. L. Willis & J. D. Reid (Eds.), Life in
the middle: Psychological and social development in middle age (p. 161–180). Academic Press.
- Kızıltan, H. (2000). Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formu Dil Eşdeğerliliği, Güvenilirlik
ve Geçerlilik Çalışmaları, (Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul).
- Koçel, T. (2020). İşletme yöneticiliği, Beta Yayınları (18. Baskı).
- Maccoby, M. (2000, January–February). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. Harvard
Business Review, 69−77.
- Marx, K., 1932. The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts by Karl Marx 1844. First Published 1932, Eng.
Translated 1959
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
- McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. Van Nostrand.
- McMurray, A. J., Pirola‐Merlo, A., Sarros, J. C. ve Islam, M. M. (2010). Leadership, climate, psychological capital,
commitment, and wellbeing in a non‐profit organization, Leadership & Organization Development
Journal, 31(5), 436-457.
- Michaels, R. E., Cron, W. L., Dubinsky, A. J., & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1988). Influence of formalization on
the organizational commitment and work alienation of salespeople and industrial buyers. Journal of
Marketing Research, 25(4), 376–383.
- Morgeson, F. P., Delaney-Klinger, K. & Hemingway, M. A. (2005). The importance of job autonomy, cognitive
ability, and job-related skill for predicting role breadth and job performance, Journal of Applied
Psychology, 90(2), 399–406.
- Mottaz, C. J. (1981). Some determinants of work alienation, The Sociological Quarterly, 22, 515-529.
- Nair, N. ve Vohra, N. (2009). Developing a new measure of work alienation, J. Workplace Rights, 14(3), 293-309.
- Ouimet, G. (2010). Dynamics of narcissistic leadership in organizations: Towards an integrated research model,
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(7), 713-726.
- Özbek, M. F. (2011). Örgüt içerisindeki güven ve işe yabancılaşma ilişkisinde örgüte uyum sağlamanın aracı
rolü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 231-248.
- Özkoç, A. G. (2016). Job autonomy and work alienation: organizational and occupational identification as a
mediator. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(11), 61-73.
- Park, R. & Searcy, D. (2012). Job autonomy as a predictor of mental well-being: The moderating role of qualitycompetitive
environment, Journal of Business and Psychology, 27, 305-316.
- Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, M. (2007) Management. (9th Edition), Prentice-Hall, London.
- Rosenthal, S. A. & Pittinsky, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic leadership, The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 617–633.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and
eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
- Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–
104.
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for
psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23.
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to
psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-
Being, 9(1), 13–39.
- Saragih, S. (2011). The effects of job autonomy on work outcomes: Self efficacy as an intervening variable,
International Research Journal of Business Studies, 4(3), 203-215.
- Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., & Densten, I. L. (2002). Work alienation and
organizational leadership. British Journal of Management, 13(4), 285–304.
- Schwalbe, M. L. (1985). Autonomy in work and self esteem, The Sociological Quarterly, 26(4), 519-535.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation, American Sociological Review, 24(6), 783-791.
- Seeman, M. (1967). On the personal consequences of alienation in work. American Sociological Review, 32(2),
273–285.
- Seeman, M. (1975). Alienation studies. Annual Review of Sociology, 1 9, 1–123.
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NARSİST LİDERLİK TARZININ BİREYSEL SONUÇLAR ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: İŞ ÖZERKLİĞİNİN ROLÜ
Year 2022,
Volume: 44 Issue: 1, 197 - 220, 24.06.2022
Gülnur Yağıcı
,
Burcu Aydın Küçük
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, narsist liderlik algısının çalışanların psikolojik iyi oluşları üzerindeki etkisini ve
bu ilişkide işe yabancılaşmanın aracı rolünü anlamaktır. Ayrıca işe yabancılaşmanın psikolojik iyi oluş
üzerindeki etkisinde iş özerkliğinin düzenleyici rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda İstanbul /
Türkiye’de farklı işletmelerde çalışan 272 kişinin katılımıyla kesitsel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın
verileri, katılımcılara e-posta yoluyla gönderilen anket linkleri ile çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Kolayda
örnekleme yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler üzerinde geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapıldıktan sonra hipotez
testlerine geçilmiştir. Bulgular, narsist liderliğin çalışanların psikolojik iyi oluşları üzerinde olumsuz etkisi
olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Ayrıca işe yabancılaşmanın narsist liderlik ile psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki
ilişkide aracı rolü olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Aynı zamanda elde edilen sonuçlar, işe yabancılaşmanın
psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisinde iş özerkliğinin önemli bir düzenleyici rolü olduğunu göstermiştir.
References
- Agarwal, S. (1993). Influence of formalization on role stress, organizational commitment, and work alienation
of salespersons: A cross-national comparative study, Journal of International Business Studies, 24(4),
715-739.
- Alderfer, C. P. (1969). An empirical test of a new theory of human needs. Organizational Behavior & Human
Performance, 4(2), 142–175.
- Alparslan, A. M., Kıran, F., Kılıç Aksoy, Ş. & Pehlivan, D. (2020). Mutsuz eden yöneticilerden beklenen liderlik
tarzları üzerine senaryo araştırması, Sakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 65-72.
- Ames, D. R., Rose, P. & Anderson, P.C. (2006), The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism, Journal of Research
in Personality, 40, 440-450.
- Asrar‑ul‑Haq, M. & Anjum, T. (2020). Impact of narcissistic leadership on employee work outcomes in banking
sector of Pakistan, Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1-9.
- Atay, S. (2009). Narsistik Kişilik envanterinin Türkçe’ye standardizasyonu, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari
Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 181-196.
- Aydın Küçük, B. (2019). The impacts of toxic organizational climate, narcissistic leader and workplace envy on
individual outcomes of counterproductive work behavior, work exhaustion and contextual performance:
The roles of perceived self-esteem and self-control, (Doktora tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul).
- Banai, M., Reisel, W. D. & Probst, T. M. (2004). A managerial and personal control model: predictions of work
alienation and organizational commitment in Hungary, Journal of International Management, 10, 375–
392.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological
research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
- Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Aldine.
- Brey, P. (1999). Worker autonomy and the drama of digital networks in organizations, Journal of Business Ethics,
22, 15–25.
- Chung-Yan, G. A. (2010). The nonlinear effects of job complexity and autonomy on job satisfaction, turnover,
and psychological well-being. Journal of occupational health psychology, 15(3), 237.
- Cindiloğlu Demirer, M. (2019). Kişi örgüt uyumunun iş performansı üzerine etkisi: Mutluluğun aracılık rolü,
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 33(1), 283-302.
- Clausen, T., Pedersen, L. R. M., Andersen, M. F., Theorell, T., & Madsen, I. E. (2021). Job autonomy and
psychological well-being: A linear or a non-linear association?. European Journal of Work and
Organizational Psychology, 1-11.
- Dee, J. R., Henkin, A. B. & Chen, J. H-H. (2000). Faculty autonomy: Perspectives from Taiwan, Higher Education,
40, 203–216.
- De Spiegelaere, S., Gyes, G. V. & Hootegem, G. V. (2016). Not all autonomy is the same. Different dimensions of
job autonomy and their relation to work engagement & innovative work behavior, Human Faactors and
Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 515-527.
- Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D., et al. (2009). New measures of
wellbeing. Social Indicators Research Series, 39.
- Dysvik, A. & Kuvaas, B. (2011). Intrinsic motivation as a moderator on the relationship between perceived job
autonomy and work performance, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(3), 367-
387.
- Ellis, H. (1898). Auto-eroticism: A psychological study. Alienist and Neurologist, 19: 260-299.
- Erkutlu, H. (2014). Exploring the moderating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between
narcissism and psychological well-being. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 150, 1148-1156.
- Farooqui, S. & Nagendra, A. (2014). The impact of person organization fit on job satisfaction and performance
of the employees, Procedia Economics and Finance, 11, 122-129.
- Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384-412.
- Fromm, E. (1955). The sane society. Rinehart & Co..
- Hackman, J. R., & Lawler, E. E. (1971). Employee reactions to job characteristics. Journal of Applied Psychology,
55(3), 259–286.
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational
Behavior & Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
- Hayes, A. F. (2015). An index and test of linear moderated mediation.
Multivariate Behavioral Research, 50(1), 1-22.
- Herzberg, F. (1959). The motivation to work. new york wiley
- Hirschfeld, R.R. & Field, H.S. (2000). Work centrality and work alienation: Distinct aspects of a general
commitment to work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 789-800.
- Hoy, W. K., Blazovsky, R. & Newland, W. (1983). Bureaucracy and alienation: A comparative analysis. The
Journal of Educational Administration, 21 (2), 109-121.
- Jesús Suárez-Mendoza, M. & Zoghbi-Manrique-de-Lara, P. (2008), The impact of work alienation on
organizational citizenship behavior in the Canary Islands, International Journal of Organizational
Analysis, 15(1), 56 – 76.
- Kanungo, R. N. (1983). Work Alienation: A Pancultural Perspective, International Studies of Management &
Organization, 13(1-2), 119-138.
- Kanungo, R. N. (1990). Culture and work alienation: Western models and Eastern realities, International Journal
of Psychology, 25, 795-812.
- Kernberg, O. F. (1979). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy with borderline adolescents. Adolescent Psychiatry,
7, 294–321.
- Kets de Vries, M. F., & Miller, D. (1985). Narcissism and leadership: An object relations perspective. Human
Relations, 38(6).
- Keyes, C. L. M., & Ryff, C. D. (1999). Psychological well-being in midlife. In S. L. Willis & J. D. Reid (Eds.), Life in
the middle: Psychological and social development in middle age (p. 161–180). Academic Press.
- Kızıltan, H. (2000). Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formu Dil Eşdeğerliliği, Güvenilirlik
ve Geçerlilik Çalışmaları, (Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul).
- Koçel, T. (2020). İşletme yöneticiliği, Beta Yayınları (18. Baskı).
- Maccoby, M. (2000, January–February). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. Harvard
Business Review, 69−77.
- Marx, K., 1932. The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts by Karl Marx 1844. First Published 1932, Eng.
Translated 1959
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396.
- McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. Van Nostrand.
- McMurray, A. J., Pirola‐Merlo, A., Sarros, J. C. ve Islam, M. M. (2010). Leadership, climate, psychological capital,
commitment, and wellbeing in a non‐profit organization, Leadership & Organization Development
Journal, 31(5), 436-457.
- Michaels, R. E., Cron, W. L., Dubinsky, A. J., & Joachimsthaler, E. A. (1988). Influence of formalization on
the organizational commitment and work alienation of salespeople and industrial buyers. Journal of
Marketing Research, 25(4), 376–383.
- Morgeson, F. P., Delaney-Klinger, K. & Hemingway, M. A. (2005). The importance of job autonomy, cognitive
ability, and job-related skill for predicting role breadth and job performance, Journal of Applied
Psychology, 90(2), 399–406.
- Mottaz, C. J. (1981). Some determinants of work alienation, The Sociological Quarterly, 22, 515-529.
- Nair, N. ve Vohra, N. (2009). Developing a new measure of work alienation, J. Workplace Rights, 14(3), 293-309.
- Ouimet, G. (2010). Dynamics of narcissistic leadership in organizations: Towards an integrated research model,
Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(7), 713-726.
- Özbek, M. F. (2011). Örgüt içerisindeki güven ve işe yabancılaşma ilişkisinde örgüte uyum sağlamanın aracı
rolü, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 231-248.
- Özkoç, A. G. (2016). Job autonomy and work alienation: organizational and occupational identification as a
mediator. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(11), 61-73.
- Park, R. & Searcy, D. (2012). Job autonomy as a predictor of mental well-being: The moderating role of qualitycompetitive
environment, Journal of Business and Psychology, 27, 305-316.
- Robbins, S.P. & Coulter, M. (2007) Management. (9th Edition), Prentice-Hall, London.
- Rosenthal, S. A. & Pittinsky, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic leadership, The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 617–633.
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and
eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.
- Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological wellbeing.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.
- Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–
104.
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for
psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65(1), 14–23.
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to
psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-
Being, 9(1), 13–39.
- Saragih, S. (2011). The effects of job autonomy on work outcomes: Self efficacy as an intervening variable,
International Research Journal of Business Studies, 4(3), 203-215.
- Sarros, J. C., Tanewski, G. A., Winter, R. P., Santora, J. C., & Densten, I. L. (2002). Work alienation and
organizational leadership. British Journal of Management, 13(4), 285–304.
- Schwalbe, M. L. (1985). Autonomy in work and self esteem, The Sociological Quarterly, 26(4), 519-535.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Lawrence
Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
- Seeman, M. (1959). On the meaning of alienation, American Sociological Review, 24(6), 783-791.
- Seeman, M. (1967). On the personal consequences of alienation in work. American Sociological Review, 32(2),
273–285.
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