Ekzopolisakkaritlerin Özellikleri ve Gıda Sanayindeki Önemi

Year 2016, Volume: 5 , 332 - 344, 04.04.2016

Ali Soyuçok , Teslime Ekiz Gülden Başyiğit Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.17100/nevbiltek.211029

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Ekzopolisakkarit (EPS)’ler mikroorganizmalar tarafından hücre dışına sentezlenen polisakkaritler olup, hücre duvarına bağlanan EPS’ler kapsüler ekzopolisakkarit, ortamda serbest halde bulunanlar ise mukoz ekzopolisakkarit olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Son yıllarda EPS üretme yeteneğine sahip mikroorganizmaların kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. EPS’ler sindirim sisteminden sindirilmeden geçtiği için prebiyotik özellik göstermektedir. Ayrıca EPS’nin sağlık üzerine olumlu etkileri de bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalarda EPS’lerin bağışıklık sistemini geliştirici, kolesterolü düşürücü, antiülser ve antitümör etkisinin olduğu belirtilmiştir. EPS’ler gıda endüstrisinde jelleştirici, emülsifiye ve stabilize edici özelliklerinden dolayı kullanılmaktadır. EPS’ler fermente ürünlerin stabilitesini, teknolojik ve tekstürel yapısını geliştirirken, bakterileri faj saldırılarına, toksik bileşiklere, ozmotik strese ve kurumaya karşı korumaktadır. Özellikle yoğurtta meydana gelen gevşek yapı ve serum ayrılması gibi yapı bozukluklarının doğal yollarla giderilmesi için EPS üreten laktik asit bakterilerinin kullanımı tercih edilmektedir. Bu bakteriler ürünün viskozitesi ve su tutma kapasitesini geliştirerek son ürünün fonksiyonel özelliklerini ve kalitesini arttırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ekzopolisakkaritlerin gıda endüstrisindeki önemi belirtilmiş; gıda kalitesi üzerine yapılan çalışmalardan örnekler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

Ekzopolisakkarit, laktik asit bakterileri, gıda sanayi

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