Abstract
Fotovoltaik (Photovoltaic – PV) panellerinin çıkış voltajı; ışınım, sıcaklık, gölgelenme gibi farklı birçok faktöre bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu gibi faktörlerin çevresel şartlara bağlı olarak değişkenlik göstermesi nedeniyle PV panel testleri esnasında aynı çevresel şartların tekrar oluşturulması pek mümkün değildir. Ancak PV panel emülatörleri, belirli bir zaman dilimi için girdi olarak sunulan çevresel verileri kullanarak o dönemdeki şartları taklit edebilmektedirler. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, PV paneli üzerinde oluşabilecek kısmi gölgelenme etkilerinin modellenebildiği, model tabanlı bir PV paneli emülatörü oluşturulmuştur. Bu emülatör, toplamda 250W çıkış gücüne sahip olabilecek şekilde 3 adet 20’şer hücrelik ve kendi aralarında atlama diyotları ile bağlanmış durumda olan DC-DC (Direct Current - DC) dönüştürücüye ve 32 bitlik bir mikro-denetleyici kartına sahiptir. Emülatörün yazılımı Matlab Simulink modelleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tasarlanan PV emülatörü, dört farklı gölgelenme kurgusuyla teste tabi tutulmuştur. Deney sonucunda elde edilen veriler, gerçek PV panel çıktıları ve MATLAB/Simulink ortamında elde edilen simülasyon sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Karşılaştırma sonucunda, tüm gölgelenme durumları için 0.76’nın üzerinde r^2 skoru değeri elde edilmiş, deney ve simülasyon sonuçlarının oldukça yakın olduğunu ortaya konmuştur. Yüksek performansı ile emülatör, herhangi bir alanda, çatıda veya cephede kurulacak PV sistemlerinin teknolojik ve ekonomik fizibilite analizini kolaylaştırır.
References
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- K.T. Saraswathi, P. Arumugam, G.V. Swaminathan and S. Periasamy, An artificial neural network-based comprehensive solar photovoltaic emulator. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2022. https://doi. org/10.1155/2022/ 4741428
- Y. Wang, C. Yanarates and Z. Zhou, External current source–based unilluminated pv partial shading emulation system verified through the hybrid global search adaptive perturb and observe mppt algorithm. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 1, 2022. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fen rg.2022.868951
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Abstract
Output voltage of Photovoltaic (PV) panels; It varies depending on many different factors such as radiation, temperature, shading. Since such factors vary depending on environmental conditions, it is not possible to re-establish the similar environmental conditions during PV panel tests. However, PV panels emulators can imitate the conditions of that period by using the environmental data presented as input for a certain time period. In this study, a model-based PV panel emulator was created to model the effects of partial shading that may occur on the PV panel. This emulator has a 32-bit microcontroller board and a DC-DC converter with 3 20 cells each, connected by jumper diodes, with a total output power of 250W. The software of the emulator was implemented using MATLAB Simulink models. The designed PV emulator has been tested with four different shading configurations. The data obtained at the end of the experiment were compared with the actual PV panel outputs and simulation results obtained on the MATLAB/Simulink environments. The comparison resulted in an r^2 score value above 0.76 for all shading cases, indicating that the experimental and simulation results are quite close. With its high performance, the emulator facilitates the technological and economic feasibilitie analysis of PV systems to be installed in any area, roof or facade.
References
- A. Akgün ve A. Kırçay, PID ve kayan kipli kontrol kullanarak dc motor besleme amaçlı bir pv sistemin tasarlanması. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 7(2), 71-90, 2022. https://doi.org /10.46578/humder.14 1 916
- A.I.M. Ali and H.R.A. Mohamed, Improved p&o mppt algorithm with efficient open-circuit voltage estimation for two-stage grid-integrated pv system under realistic solar radiation. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 137, 107805, 2022. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107805
- A. Boucharef, A. Tahri, F. Tahri, S. Silvestre and M. Bourahla, Solar module emulator based on a low-cost microcontroller. Measurement, 187, 110275, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurem e nt.2021.11025
- A. Cordeiro, M. Chaves, P. Gâmboa, F. Barata, P. Fonte, H. Lopes and J. Martins, Combining power electronic converters and automation to simulate solar pv systems. 7th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, 2022. https://doi.org/10.239 19/SpliTech55088.2022.9854352
- O. Doğmuş, E. Kılıc, Ş. Sami ve M. Güneş, PSO algoritması ile optimize edilmiş pid denetleyicinin fotovoltaik mppt sistemine uyarlanması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(4), 1-8, 2017. https://doi.org/10. 17780/ksujes.362618
- G.A. Kumar, Optimal power point tracking of solar and wind energy in a hybrid wind solar energy system. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 13(1), 77-103, 2022. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s40095-021-00399-9
- L. L. Carralero, F. F. Costa, A.P. Tahim, PV emulator based on a four-switch buck-boost dc-dc converter. In 2019 IEEE 15th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 5th IEEE Southern Power Electronics Conference, 1-5, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/COB EP/SPEC44138.2019.9065364
- A. Kaysal, S. Köroğlu, Y. Oğuz, K. Kaysal, Design and experimental implementation of dc-dc converter based self-tuning fuzzy PI controller. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 38(1), 483-495, 2023. https://doi.org/ 10.17341/gazim mfd.739775.
- I. Moussa, A. Bouallegue, A.Khedher, New mppt algorithm modeling for photovoltaic emulator designed in fpga. 2017 International Conference on Green Energy Conversion Systems, pp. 1-7, Hammamet, 23-25 March 2017. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/GECS.2017 .8066205
- M. Teke, A.S.M. Al-Arjeeli ve F. Korkmaz, PV sistemler için mppt kontrol cihazı tasarımı ve karşılaştırılması. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 15(1), 1-15, 2023. https:// doi.org/10.29137/umagd.1113630
- S. Samal, P.K. Barik, R.K. Soni and S. Nayak, Simulation and experimental investigation of a smart mppt based solar charge controller. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 44(3), 7748-7763, 2022. https://doi.org/10.10 80/15567036.2022.2116507
- K.T. Saraswathi, P. Arumugam, G.V. Swaminathan and S. Periasamy, An artificial neural network-based comprehensive solar photovoltaic emulator. International Journal of Photoenergy, 2022. https://doi. org/10.1155/2022/ 4741428
- Y. Wang, C. Yanarates and Z. Zhou, External current source–based unilluminated pv partial shading emulation system verified through the hybrid global search adaptive perturb and observe mppt algorithm. Frontiers in Energy Research, 10, 1, 2022. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fen rg.2022.868951
- S. Gürkan ve E. Aytav, Fotovoltaik panel emülatörü tasarımında dijital ikiz kullanımı. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12(1), 194-206 2022. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1008632
- D. Ickilli, H. Can, K.S. Parlak, Development of a fpga-based photovoltaic panel emulator based on a dc/dc converter. 38th IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference, pp. 001417-001421, 2012. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/PVS C.2012.6317863
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Electrical Engineering |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 17, 2023 |
| Publication Date | October 15, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 2, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | July 6, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 4 |
