TBDY-2018’de belirtilen yığma yapı türlerinden donatısız yığma yapıların yatay yükler etkisi altındaki davranışlarının deneysel olarak incelenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 722 - 731, 15.04.2025

Mehmet Orhan , Mahmud Sami Döndüren

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1612998

Abstract

Yığma yapılar, Türkiye’deki yapı stoğunun önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmakta ve özellikle Doğu Anadolu, Kuzey Anadolu ve Batı Ege fay hatları boyunca yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Genellikle ekonomik nedenlerle tercih edilen bu yapılar, malzeme kalitesi ve inşaat tekniklerinin yetersizliği nedeniyle depreme karşı risk taşımaktadır. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY 2018) kapsamında tanımlanan farklı yığma yapı türleri arasında yer alan donatısız yığma yapılar, bu çalışmada deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, 1/1 ölçekli, tek katlı ve tek açıklıklı donatısız yığma yapı numunesi laboratuvar ortamında üretilmiş ve tersinir yükleme testine tabi tutulmuştur. Deney yükleme prosedürü, maksimum yüke kadar yük kontrollü, maksimum yükten sonra ise deplasman kontrollü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmaların her aşamasında, uygulanan yük ve deplasman değerleri bilgisayar aracılığıyla kaydedilmiştir. Yapıda oluşan çatlakların boyutları, kalınlıkları ve yapıda bulundukları konumlar dikkatle gözlemlenmiş ve yapıya işaretlenerek hasar durumu detaylı bir şekilde belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, donatısız yığma yapıların deprem performansını incelemiş olup çekme ve itme yükleri etkisi altındaki binadaki çatlak oluşum bölgeleri gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, donatısız yığma yapıların pencere çevresinde çatlaklarının oluştuğu ve gevrek bir davranış sergilediği, bu nedenle diğer yığma yapı türlerinin incelenmesi ve analitik olarak karşılaştırılmasının önem taşıdığı anlaşılmaktadır.

Keywords

Deneysel model analiz, yığma yapılar, TBDY-2018, yığma yapı türleri, donatısız yığma yapı

Experimental investigation of the behavior of unreinforced masonry structures under horizontal loads as defined in TBDY-2018

Abstract

Masonry structures constitute a significant portion of the building stock in Turkey and are commonly used, particularly along the East Anatolian, North Anatolian, and Western Aegean fault lines. These structures are often preferred for economic reasons; however, due to inadequate material quality and construction techniques, they present a considerable seismic risk. Among the various masonry types defined in the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY 2018), unreinforced masonry structures were experimentally investigated in this study. A full-scale, single-story, single-span unreinforced masonry specimen was constructed in a laboratory environment and subjected to reversed cyclic loading tests. The loading procedure of the experiment was conducted in a load-controlled manner up to the maximum load, and in a displacement-controlled manner after reaching the maximum load. At each stage of the experimental studies, the applied load and displacement values were recorded through a computer. The sizes, thicknesses, and locations of the cracks formed in the structure were carefully monitored and marked on the structure, and the damage state was determined in detail. This study aimed to evaluate the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry structures, focusing on crack formation regions under tensile and compressive loads. The findings reveal that cracks predominantly form around window openings, and unreinforced masonry structures exhibit brittle behavior. Consequently, the study highlights the importance of investigating other types of masonry structures and conducting comparative analytical analyses to understand their performance comprehensively.

Keywords

Experimental model analysis, masonry structures, TBDY-2018 (Turkish Building Earthquake Code), types of masonry structures, unreinforced masonry structure

Thanks

This study is derived from the doctoral thesis titled “Experimental and Analytical Investigation of the Behavior of Masonry Structures Under Horizontal Loads as Defined in TBDY-2018” prepared by Lecturer Mehmet Orhan. In the study, the behavior of reinforced masonry structures under lateral loads will be comprehensively examined using both experimental and analytical methods. While the experimental studies will be conducted in a laboratory environment, the analytical analyses will be performed using ANSYS software. The experimental and analytical data obtained will be evaluated comparatively, and recommendations will be provided regarding the practical challenges and advantages of the design criteria specified in the regulations, focusing on the cost and applicability of these structures. Thus, the study aims to make a significant contribution to existing literature. The doctoral thesis has been supported by the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit of Konya Technical University.

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