1918’den Günümüze İşgal Korkusu ve Göçmen Sorunu Bağlamında Asya-Pasifik Bölgesi’nde Avustralya Dış Politikası

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 285 - 330, 26.12.2023

Orhan Özcan

https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1093173

Abstract

Avustralya’nın jeostratejik olarak savunulması zor ve risk değerlendirmesi yüksek bir ada/kıta olmasının yanı sıra Anglo-Kelt kökenli bir etnik homojenliğe sahip olması, Avustralya’yı bölgesinde özel bir konuma yerleştirmiştir. 1850-1939 yılları arasında Asya-Pasifik’te Avustralya dış politiğini, Avustralya’da Çinli göçmen sorunu, Japon (yellow peril) ve Alman işgali risk değerlendirmesi merkezinde biçimlendirmiştir. Asya-Pasifik bölgesinde Avustralya, 1970’lere kadar kendisini Batı’ya ait hissetme ve Asyalı toplumları ötekileştirme üzerine kurgulanmış bir dış politika geliştirmiştir. Büyük Britanya’nın Avustralya’yla tarihi ve kültürel bağlarının güçlü olmasının ortaya çıkardığı bu tarihsel süreç, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar Büyük Britanya’nın Avustralya üzerinde siyasi, ekonomik ve askerî olarak baskın etkisine neden olmuştur. Bu bağlamda İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın sonuna kadar Avustralya, Büyük Britanya’nın Asya-Pasifik’te ‘izole ileri karakolu’ olarak kalmasına neden olmuş ve savaş sonrası güç dengelerinin değişmesiyle Avustralya, ABD’nin koruma şemsiyesi altına girmiştir. Bu nedenle Soğuk Savaş sürecinde Avustralya, Asya-Pasifik’te ‘kızıl tehlike’ye karşı ABD’nin güdümünde göreceli bir dış politika üretmiştir. Asya-Pasifik bölge devletlerinin 1970’lerden sonra iktisadi bir güç olarak ortaya çıkması, Avustralya’da hızla yakın bölgesiyle bütünleşme eğilimi gösteren bir dış siyaset dönüşümü yaşanmasına neden olurken Avustralya’nın kendi kararlarıyla dış siyaseti belirleme yeteneği, işlevsellik kazanmıştır.

Keywords

Avustralya Dış Politikası,, Asya-Pasifik,, Çinli Göçmen Sorunu,, Japonya,, Büyük Britanya,, ABD,

Australian Foreign Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region in Context of Fear of Occupation and the Immigrant Problem from 1918 to Present

Abstract

The fact that Australia is an island/continent that is geostrategically difficult to defend and has a high risk assessment, as well as having an ethnic homogeneity of Anglo-Celtic origin has placed Australia in a special position in its region. Between 1850 and 1939, she shaped Australian foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific, in the center of risk assessment of the Chinese immigrant problem, Japanese (yellow peril) and German occupation in Australia. In the Asia-Pacific region, until the 1970s, Australia developed a foreign policy based on feeling Western and marginalizing Asian societies. This historical process, which was revealed by the strong historical and cultural ties of Great Britain with Australia, caused the dominant influence of Great Britain on Australia, politically, economically and militarily, until the Second World War. In this context, until the end of the Second World War, Australia caused Great Britain to remain as an 'isolated outpost' in the Asia-Pacific, and with the change in the post-war balance of power, Australia came under the protection umbrella of the USA. For this reason, during the Cold War, Australia produced a relative foreign policy under the guidance of the USA against the 'red menace' in the Asia-Pacific. The emergence of the states of the Asia-Pacific region as an economic power after the 1970s caused a foreign policy transformation in Australia that tended to integrate with its immediate region, while Australia's ability to determine foreign policy with its own decisions gained functionality.

Keywords

Australian Foreign Policy,, Asia-Pacific,, The Question of Chinese Immigrants,, Japan,, Great Britain,, US.

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