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Personel Güçlendirme: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 125 - 135, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1477279

Abstract

Personel güçlendirme hem bireye hem de örgüte sağladığı olumlu sonuçlardan dolayı örgütler tarafından önemsenen yönetim uygulamalarından biridir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde personel güçlendirmede ne tür yönetim uygulamaları olduğunu ve neler yapılabileceğini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi ve olgu bilim araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinden emekli olan ve hâlihazırda akademisyen olarak görev yapan 10 katılımcı oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formları ile toplanmıştır. Mülakat formu demografik bilgiler ve araştırma soruları olmak üzere iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Mülakatlar yüz yüze yapılmıştır ve ortalama 25-30 dakika sürmüştür. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde MAX-QDA nitel analiz programında kod ve alt kodlar oluşturularak içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Veriler güçlendiriciler, engelleyiciler, gereksinimler ve öneriler olmak üzere 4 ana kod ve bu kodlar altında oluşturulan toplam 20 alt kod ile kategorize edilmiştir. Bu araştırmayla yöneticilerin liderlik, iletişim, kıta-akademi entegrasyonunu sağlama konusundaki yetkinliklerinin geliştirilmesinin personel güçlendirmenin odak noktası olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kademelerdeki personel için gereksinime yönelik ve etkileşimli eğitimlerin planlanması, uygulanması ve devam ettirilmesinin personel güçlendirmeye katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Alim, H. B. (2023). The cognitive readiness: Empowering future Malaysia armed forces defence forces. The Journal of Defence and Security, 19(2), 21-30.
  • Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders. Harper & Row.
  • Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in social life. Wiley.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  • Dabaghi, P., Taghva, A., & Minashiri, K. (2013). On the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in military forces. Ebnesina Journal of Medical, 15(3), 18-26. IRIAF Health Administration. [In Persian]
  • Davies, A., Wong, C. A., & Laschinger, H. (2011). Nurses’ participation in personal knowledge transfer: The role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and structural empowerment. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(5), 632–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01269.x
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089716
  • Forrester, R. (2000). Empowerment: Rejuvenating a potent idea. Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 67-80.
  • Gohar, F. R., Bashir, M., Abrar, M., & Asghar, F. (2015). Effect of psychological empowerment, distributive justice and job autonomy on organizational commitment. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 7(1), 144-173.
  • Gouldner, A.W. (1960) The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
  • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
  • Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. Harcourt, Brace.
  • Kotze, E., Menon, S. T., & Vos, B. (2007). Psychological empowerment in the South African military: The generalisability of Menon's Scale. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33(2), 1-6.
  • Kumar, D., Singh, R. M., & Rangnekar, S. (2018). The effects of psychological empowerment on intention to quit job: The mediating role of job satisfaction among airforce personnel. Asian Journal of Information and Communications, 10(2), 19-31.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Purdy, N., & Almost, J. (2007). The impact of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment and core self-evaluation on nurse manager’s job satisfaction. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(5), 221-229.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. E., & Wilk, P. (2009). Context matters: The impact of unit leadership and empowerment on nurses organizational commitment. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(5), 228- 235.
  • Lee, M., & Koh, J. (2001). Is empowerment really a new concept? International Journal of Resource Management, 12(4), 684-695.
  • Maynard, M. T., Gilson, L. L., & Mathieu, J. E. (2012). Empowerment -fad or fab? A multilevel review of the past two decades of research. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1231-1281.
  • Menon, S. J. (2001). Employee empowerment: An integrative psychological approach. Applied Psychology, 50(1), 153-180.
  • Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: Antecedents and consequences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(5), 444-460.
  • Michaud, K., Barbeau-Julien, K., & Slinger, M. (2024). Transformational leadership, well-being, morale, and readiness: The mediating role of empowerment. Military Psychology, 1–10. https://.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2319522
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983): Power in and around organizations. Organization Studies, 5(4), 377-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068400500419
  • Quinn, R. E., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1997). The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should conside. Orgaziational Dynamics, 26(2), 37-49.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
  • Sığrı, Ü. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A. Ş.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (2008). Taking stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. J. Barling & CP. Cooper (Eds.), The handbook of organizational behavior (Vol. 1; pp. 54-72). Sage Publications.
  • Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1239- 1251.
  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. John Wiley.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15, 666-681.
  • Xu, Z., & Yang, F. (2018). The cross-level effect of authentic leadership on teacher emotional exhaustion: The chain mediating role of structural and psychological empowerment. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12(35), 1-11.

Empowerment: A Qualitative Research on Turkish Armed Forces

Year 2024, Volume: 34 Issue: 1, 125 - 135, 28.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1477279

Abstract

Empowerment is one of the management practices that are considered important by organizations due to the positive results it provides to both the individual and the organization. In this context, the aim of this research is to reveal what kind of management practices are used in empowerment in the Turkish Armed Forces and what can be done. Qualitative research method and phenomenological research design were used in the study. The sample of the study consisted of 10 participants who retired from the Turkish Armed Forces and currently working as academicians. The research data were collected through semi-structured interview forms prepared by the researchers. The interview form consists of two parts: demographic information and research questions. Interviews were conducted face-to-face and lasted 25-30 minutes on average. In the evaluation of the research data, content analysis was performed by creating codes and sub-codes in MAX-QDA qualitative analysis program. The data were categorized with 4 main codes: reinforcers, barriers, needs and suggestions, and a total of 20 sub-codes created under these codes. In this study, it was determined that developing managers' competencies in leadership, communication, and ensuring continent-academy integration is the focus of staff empowerment. In this direction, it is thought that planning, implementing and maintaining need-oriented and interactive trainings for staff at different levels will contribute to staff empowerment.

References

  • Alim, H. B. (2023). The cognitive readiness: Empowering future Malaysia armed forces defence forces. The Journal of Defence and Security, 19(2), 21-30.
  • Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders. Harper & Row.
  • Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and Power in social life. Wiley.
  • Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  • Dabaghi, P., Taghva, A., & Minashiri, K. (2013). On the relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction in military forces. Ebnesina Journal of Medical, 15(3), 18-26. IRIAF Health Administration. [In Persian]
  • Davies, A., Wong, C. A., & Laschinger, H. (2011). Nurses’ participation in personal knowledge transfer: The role of leader-member exchange (LMX) and structural empowerment. Journal of Nursing Management, 19(5), 632–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01269.x
  • Emerson, R. M. (1962). Power-dependence relations. American Sociological Review, 27(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/2089716
  • Forrester, R. (2000). Empowerment: Rejuvenating a potent idea. Academy of Management Executive, 14(3), 67-80.
  • Gohar, F. R., Bashir, M., Abrar, M., & Asghar, F. (2015). Effect of psychological empowerment, distributive justice and job autonomy on organizational commitment. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 7(1), 144-173.
  • Gouldner, A.W. (1960) The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
  • Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1086/222355
  • Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior: Its elementary forms. Harcourt, Brace.
  • Kotze, E., Menon, S. T., & Vos, B. (2007). Psychological empowerment in the South African military: The generalisability of Menon's Scale. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33(2), 1-6.
  • Kumar, D., Singh, R. M., & Rangnekar, S. (2018). The effects of psychological empowerment on intention to quit job: The mediating role of job satisfaction among airforce personnel. Asian Journal of Information and Communications, 10(2), 19-31.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Purdy, N., & Almost, J. (2007). The impact of leader-member exchange quality, empowerment and core self-evaluation on nurse manager’s job satisfaction. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(5), 221-229.
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., Finegan, J. E., & Wilk, P. (2009). Context matters: The impact of unit leadership and empowerment on nurses organizational commitment. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 39(5), 228- 235.
  • Lee, M., & Koh, J. (2001). Is empowerment really a new concept? International Journal of Resource Management, 12(4), 684-695.
  • Maynard, M. T., Gilson, L. L., & Mathieu, J. E. (2012). Empowerment -fad or fab? A multilevel review of the past two decades of research. Journal of Management, 38(4), 1231-1281.
  • Menon, S. J. (2001). Employee empowerment: An integrative psychological approach. Applied Psychology, 50(1), 153-180.
  • Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008). Psychological and environmental empowerment: Antecedents and consequences. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 29(5), 444-460.
  • Michaud, K., Barbeau-Julien, K., & Slinger, M. (2024). Transformational leadership, well-being, morale, and readiness: The mediating role of empowerment. Military Psychology, 1–10. https://.org/10.1080/08995605.2024.2319522
  • Mintzberg, H. (1983): Power in and around organizations. Organization Studies, 5(4), 377-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068400500419
  • Quinn, R. E., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1997). The road to empowerment: Seven questions every leader should conside. Orgaziational Dynamics, 26(2), 37-49.
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 825–836. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.825
  • Sığrı, Ü. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A. Ş.
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (1995). Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442-1465. https://doi.org/10.5465/256865
  • Spreitzer, G. M. (2008). Taking stock: A review of more than twenty years of research on empowerment at work. J. Barling & CP. Cooper (Eds.), The handbook of organizational behavior (Vol. 1; pp. 54-72). Sage Publications.
  • Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1239- 1251.
  • Thibaut, J. W., & Kelley, H. H. (1959). The social psychology of groups. John Wiley.
  • Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive elements of empowerment. Academy of Management Review, 15, 666-681.
  • Xu, Z., & Yang, F. (2018). The cross-level effect of authentic leadership on teacher emotional exhaustion: The chain mediating role of structural and psychological empowerment. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 12(35), 1-11.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Defence Studies
Journal Section The Journal of Defence and War Studies June 2024
Authors

Aysun Doğan 0000-0003-3505-6824

Suat Gürbüz 0000-0003-4056-0507

Abdülkadir Varoğlu 0000-0001-7857-5013

Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date May 2, 2024
Acceptance Date June 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 34 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğan, A., Gürbüz, S., & Varoğlu, A. (2024). Personel Güçlendirme: Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. SAVSAD Savunma Ve Savaş Araştırmaları Dergisi, 34(1), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1477279