Determination of Endosymbiont Bacteria With Molecular Methods in Sawtoothed Graın Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. Coleoptera, Silvanidae) Populations in Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 126 - 133, 24.09.2019

Erhan Koçak , Şevki Ertürk

Öz

Bacteria constitute the most important members
of the insect microbial flora and these microorganisms provide important
contributions to the life of insects by creating suitable food for insects,
helping food digestion, producing useful enzymes, synthesizing vitamins,
nitrogen binding, producing pheromones and competing with insect pathogens.
Despite all these beneficial effects, however, there are bacteria that kill,
sick, inactivate and control insects. In this study, Oryzaephilus
surinamensis L. population was collected from different cereal stores in
Turkey. For the first time in our country in this type of insect, Wolbachia
sp., for the first time in the world Rickettsia sp. and Spiroplasma sp.
endosimbiont bacteria, synthetic primers and PCR method was determined by
applying the density. According to this; In Turkey, which is a transmission
intensity by 49%; It was found that 28% of these were Wolbachia sp., 14%
of Rickettsia sp. and 7% of Spiroplasma sp.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Endosymbiont Bacteria

Türkiye’de Testereli Böcek (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. Coleoptera, Silvanidae) Popülasyonlarında Endosimbiyont Bakterilerin Moleküler Yöntemlerle Belirlenmesi

Öz

Böcek mikrobiyal florasının en önemli üyelerini bakteriler oluşturmakta ve bu mikroorganizmalar böcekler için uygun gıda oluşturmak, besin sindirimine yardımcı olmak, faydalı enzimler üretmek, vitamin sentezlemek, azot bağlamak, feromon üretmek ve böcek patojenleri ile rekabet etmek suretiyle böceklerin yaşamına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadırlar. Ancak bütün bu yararlı etkilerine rağmen böcekleri öldüren, hastalandıran, pasifize ve kontrol eden bakteriler de bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ülkemizde bulunan farklı hububat depolarından Oryzaephilus surinamensis popülasyonu toplanmıştır. Söz konusu böcek türünde ülkemizde ilk kez Wolbachia sp., dünyada ilk kez Rickettsia sp. ve Spiroplasma sp. endosimbiyont bakterileri, sentetik primerler ve PCR metodu uygulanarak yoğunlukları belirlenmiştir. Buna göre; Türkiye genelinde %49 oranında bir bulaşma yoğunluğu olduğu; Bu oranın ise %28’i Wolbachia sp., %14’ü Rickettsia sp. ve %7’sinin Spiroplasma sp.‘ye ait olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, Endosimbiyont bakteri

Kaynakça

• Alexeeva, I., Elliott, E.J., Rollins, S., Gasparich, G.E., Lazar, J., Rohwer, R.G., 2006. Absence of Spiroplasma or other bacterial 16s rRNA genes in brain tissue of hamsters with scrapie. J Clin Microbiol, 44(1),91-7.
• Breeuwer, J.A.J., Stouthamer, R., Barns, S.M., Pelletier, D.A., Weisburg, W.G., Werren, J.H., 1992. Phylogeny of cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganisms in the parasitoid wasp genus Nasonia (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences. Insect Molecular Biology 1(1), 25-36.
• Dedeine, F., Vavre, F., Fleury, F., Loppin, B., Hochberg, M.E., Bouletreau M., 2001. Removing symbiotic Wolbachia bacteria specifically inhibits oogenesis in a parasitic wasp. PNAS 98(11), 6247-6252.
• Dillon, N., Austin, A.D., Bartowsky, E., 1997. Comparison of preservation techniques for DNA extraction from hymenopterous insects. Insect Molecular Biology, 5, 21–24.
• Don, R.H., Cox, P.T., Wainwright, B.J., Baker K., Mattick, J.S., 1991. 'Touchdown' PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification. Nucleic Acids Research 19(14), 4008.
• Fein, E.Z., Perlman, S.J., 2004. Distribution of the Bacterial Symbiont Cardinium in Arthropods. Molecular Ecology, 13, 2009–2016.Goodacre, S.L., Fricke, C., Martin, O.Y., 2015. A screen for bacterial endosymbionts in the model organisms Tribolium castaneum, T. confusum, Callosobruchus maculatus, and related species. Insect science, 22(2), 165-177.
• Gündüz, A.E., Douglas, A.E., 2009. Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet. Proceedıngs of the Royal Society B, 276, 987-991.Güz, N., Dağeri, A., Aksoy, S., 2015. Endosimbiyotik Bakterilerin Böcekler Üzerine Etkisi. (Derleme) Türk. entomol. bült., 5(2), 101-113.
• Hilgenboecker, K., Hammerstein, P., Schlattmann, P., Telschow, A., Werren, J.H., 2008. How Many Species are Infected With Wolbachia? A Statistical Analysis of Current Data. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 281, 215-220.
• Himler, A.G., Hagimori, T.A., Bergen, J.E., Kozuch, A., Kelly, S.E., Tabashnik, B.E., Chiel, E., Duckworth, V.E., Dennehy, T.J., Fein, E.Z., Hunter, M.S., 2011. Rapid Spread of a Bacterial Symbiont in an Invasive Whitefly Is Driven by Fitness Benefits and Female Bias. Science, 332(6026), 254-256.Kageyama, D., Narita, S., Imamura, T., Miyanoshita, A., 2010. Detection and identification of Wolbachia endosymbionts from laboratory stocks of stored-product insect pest and their parasitoids. Journal of Stored Products Research 46, 13-19.
• Li, Y.Y., Fields, P.G., Pang, B.P., Coghlin, P.C., Floate K.D., 2015. Prevalence and diversity of Wolbachia bacteria infecting insect pests of stored products. Stored Products Research, 62, 93-100.
• Martin, J., Chong, T., Ferree, P.M., 2013. Male Killing Spiroplasma Preferentially Disrupts Neural Development in the Drosophila melanogaster Embryo. PLoS ONE 8(11), 1-8.
• Sharaf, K., Horova, L., Pavlicek, T., Nevo, E., Bures, P., 2010. Genome size and base composition in Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera:Sylvanidae) and differences between native(feral) and silo pest populations in Israel. Journal of Stored Products Research, 46, 34-37.
• Shokal, U., Yadav, S., Atri, J., Accetta, J., Kenney, E., Banks, K., Kataham, A., Jaenike, J., Eleftherianos, L., 2016. Effects of co-occurring Wolbachia and Spiroplasma endosymbionts on the Drosophila immune response against insect pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. BMC Microbiology 16, 16.
• Simoes, P.M., 2012. Diversity and dynamics of Wolbachia-host associations in arthropods from the Society archipelago, French Polynesia. Université Claude Bernard, Biodiversite, Doktora Tezi, 152, Lyon.
• Stouthamer, R., Breeuwer, J.A.J., Hurst, G.D.D., 1999. Wolbachia Pipientis: Microbial Manipulator of Arthropod Reproduction. Annual Review of Microbiology, 53(1), 71-102.
• Werren, J.H., Windsor, D., Guo, L., 1995. Distribution of Wolbachia among neotropical arthropods. Biologıcal Sciences, 262(1364), 197-204.
• Zawalska, J.J., Asman, M., Klys, M., Solarz, K., 2016. Prevalence of sensitization to extracts from particular life stages of the saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis) in citizens of selected suburban areas of Southern Poland. Journal of Stored Products Research, 69, 252-256.
• Zug, R., Hammerstein, P., 2012. Still a Host of Hosts for Wolbachia: Analysis of Recent Data Suggests That 40% of Terrestrial Arthropod Species Are Infected. PLos ONE, 7(6), 1-3.