THE ONE DIMENSIONAL MAN IN THOMAS HARDY’S JUDE THE OBSCURE

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 34, 323 - 354, 31.01.2018

Ömer Öğünç

https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.330967

Abstract

Thomas
Hardy’s Jude the Obscure (1895) successfully represents the conflict
between the individuals and the bourgeois industrial society in the late
Victorian period. Herbert Marcuse’s criticism of the contemporary industrial society,
which is actually a one dimensional society that imposes absolute norms on the
individuals who are forced to become one dimensional wo/men, is quite relevant
for a critical approach on this conflict. Marcuse’s approach enables a critical
analysis of the social hegemony on such characters as Jude Fawley and Sue
Bridehead in the novel. The institutionalised form of social oppression on the
individuals aims to force these characters to lead one dimensional lives in
accordance with dominant social norms. Hence, the protection of social harmony
and the established bourgeois social order depends on the subjection of these
individuals to the rules of the one dimensional society. So, this article
argues that, viewed from Herbert Marcuse’s perspective, social oppression in
Hardy’s Jude the Obscure suppresses
individuality to create one dimensional characters in a one dimensional
society.

Keywords

Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, Herbert Marcuse, one dimensional man, individuality

Thomas Hardy’nin Jude The Obscure Eserinde Tek Boyutlu İnsan

Abstract

Thomas Hardy’nin Jude the Obscure (1895) eseri
bireyler ile geç Viktorya dönemi burjuva sanayi toplumu arasındaki çatışmayı
başarılı bir şekilde betimler. Herbert Marcuse’un günümüz sanayi toplumunu
sorgulayan yaklaşımı, ki bu toplumsal yapı bireyleri tek boyutlu insanlara
dönüşmeye zorlayan mutlak toplumsal kuralları baskıyla uygulayan tek boyutlu
bir toplumdur, bu çatışmanın eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelenmesi amacına son
derece uygundur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Marcuse’un yaklaşımını benimseyerek
romanda özellikle Jude Fawley ve Sue Bridehead gibi karakterlerin üzerindeki
toplumsal baskıyı eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelemektir. Bireyler üzerindeki
sosyal baskının kurumsallaşmış olması, bu karakterleri hâkim sosyal kurallara
göre tek boyutlu yaşamlar sürmeye zorlar. Bu nedenle, sosyal uyumun ve kurulu
burjuva düzeninin korunması bu bireylerin tek boyutlu toplumun kurallarına mahkûm
edilmesine bağlıdır. Dolayısıyla, bu makale, Herber Marcuse’un bakış açısıyla
yaklaşıldığında, Hardy’nin Jude the Obscure eserindeki toplumsal baskının, tek boyutlu toplumda yaşayan tek
boyutlu karakterler yaratmak amacıyla bireyselliği ortadan kaldırdığını
savunmaktadır.

Keywords

Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, Herbert Marcuse, tek boyutlu insan, bireysellik

References

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