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Branding Codes: The Case of Luxury Fashion Brand Burberry

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 8, 1 - 21, 28.06.2024

Abstract

Today, the functional and symbolic aspects of consumption are skillfully used by brands. Consumption processes are organized on fantasies, feelings and pleasures rather than needs. Brands design the consumption phenomenon as a whole, including pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase. Customers are orientated towards pleasurable, entertaining and meaningful experiences in which they are actively involved. With this approach, fashion brands place the items of "experience, entertainment, passion, show, emotional attachment" in their products for their customers. During the historical period when fashion met the marketing world and managed to play with the rules of this world, fashion brands have used a series of tried and accepted codes in the process of building, product development and survival in turbulent markets. Today, world-famous fashion brands achieve success by adapting these discovered and developed codes to their brand image and personality. In this study, branding codes are analyzed, and the road maps followed by fashion brands are examined. In the study, the basic concepts related to the brand are analyzed in today's fashion consumption phenomenon and explained with examples. In this context, the world-famous luxury fashion brand Burberry was analyzed and the strategies it applied while climbing the ladder of success were investigated. These strategies are presented from a holistic and broad perspective in the light of the stages of the brand in the historical process.

References

  • Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3).
  • Aaker, D. A. (2009a). Güçlü markalar yaratmak (Çev: Erdem Demir). İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • Aaker, D. A. (2009b). Marka değeri yönetimi. İstanbul: MediaCat Yayınları.
  • Aaker, D. A., & Biel, A. L. (2013). Brand equity & advertising: advertising’s role in building strong brands. Psychology Press.
  • Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356.
  • Ahrendts, A. (2013). Burberry’s CEO on turning an aging British icon into a global luxury brand. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 39–42.
  • Bastos, W., & Levy, S. J. (2012). A history of the concept of branding: practice and theory. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(3), 347–368.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1997). Tüketim Toplumu,(çev. Hazal Deliceçaylı, Ferda Keskin). Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Beard, F. (2010). Comparative advertising wars: An historical analysis of their causes and consequences. Journal of Macromarketing, 30(3), 270–286.
  • Bhabra, H. S., & Pettway, R. H. (2003). IPO prospectus information and subsequent performance. Financial Review, 38(3), 369–397.
  • Bivainienė, L. (2007). Brand image conceptualization: The role of marketing communication. Economics & Management.
  • Braun, T. (2004). The philosophy of branding: Great philosophers think brands. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Bullmore, J. (1984). The brand and its image revisited. International Journal of Advertising, 3, 235–238.
  • Cerchia, R. E., & Piccolo, K. (2019). The ethical consumer and codes of ethics in the fashion industry. Laws, 8(4), 23.
  • Cho, E., Fiore, A. M., & Russell, D. W. (2015). Validation of a fashion brand image scale capturing cognitive, sensory, and affective associations: Testing its role in an extended brand equity model. Psychology & Marketing, 32(1), 28–48.
  • Da Silveira, C., Lages, C., & Simões, C. (2013). Reconceptualizing brand identity in a dynamic environment. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 28–36.
  • Day, G. S. (1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37–52.
  • Direction, S. (2005). ‘Bravo’for Burberry: from bust to boom–creating a luxury fashion brand. Strategic Direction, 21(1), 22–24.
  • Edward, D. B. (1996). Rekabet üstü. Çev: Oya Özel, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Faircloth, J. B., Capella, L. M., & Alford, B. L. (2001). The effect of brand attitude and brand image on brand equity. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(3), 61–75.
  • Frazer, C. F. (1983). Creative strategy: A management per-spective. Journal of Advertising, 12, 36–41.
  • Gardner, B. G.; Levy, S. J. (1955). The product and the brand. Harvard Business Review, 33–39.
  • Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research, principles and practices (Kindle ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge. Gilmore, F. (2003). Marka Savaşçıları (Çev. Fevzi Yalım). İstanbul: Marka Yayınları.
  • Hankinson, G., & Cowking, P. (1997). Branding in practice: the profile and role of brand managers in the UK. Journal of Marketing Management, 13(4), 239–264.
  • Harris, F., & De Chernatony, L. (2001). Corporate branding and corporate brand performance. European Journal of Marketing, 35(3/4), 441–456.
  • Heine, K. (2010). The personality of luxury fashion brands. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(3), 154–163. Henry, D., Ahmed, K., & Riddell, A. (2002). The effect of IPO prospectus earnings forecast errors on shareholder returns. Journal of Corporate Communications, 4, 1–27.
  • Hume, M., & Mills, M. (2013). Uncovering Victoria’s Secret: Exploring women’s luxury perceptions of intimate apparel and purchasing behaviour. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 460–485.
  • Ishak, F., & Abd Ghani, N. H. (2013). A review of the literature on brand loyalty and customer loyalty.
  • Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Final Report Of The Industrie 4.0 Working Group: Recommendations For Implementing The Strategic Initiative Induntrie 4.0. Frankfrut: Acatech-National Academy Of Science And Engineering.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.
  • Klink, R. R., & Athaide, G. A. (2012). Creating brand personality with brand names. Marketing Letters, 23, 109–117.
  • Knox, S., & Bickerton, D. (2003). The six conventions of corporate branding. European Journal of Marketing, 37(7/8), 998–1016.
  • Kotler, P., Pfoertsch, W., & Orhon, N. (2010). B2B marka yönetimi: firmadan firmaya satışta (B2B) marka nasıl yaratılır? MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Kotler, P., Pfoertsch, W., & Pförtsch, W. A. (2010). Ingredient branding: Making the invisible visible. Springer.
  • Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332–351.
  • Küçükerdoğan, R. (2011). Reklam nasıl çözümlenir?: reklam iletişiminde göstergeler ve stratejiler. Beta.
  • Kumar, N., Scheer, L., & Kotler, P. (2000). From market driven to market driving. European Management Journal, 18(2), 129–142.
  • Lewis, T. L., & Haas, B. (2014). Managing an iconic old luxury brand in a new luxury economy: Hermès handbags in the US market. Global Fashion Brands: Style, Luxury & History, 1(1), 167–178.
  • Lindstrom, M. (2006). Duyular ve Marka. çev. Ü. Şensoy. İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Malik, M. E., Naeem, B., & Munawar, M. (2012). Brand image: Past, present and future. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(12), 13069–13075.
  • Moon, M., & Millison, D. (2000). Ateşten Markalar (2003). Çev. T. Kolkay, MediaCat, İstanbul.
  • Moore, C. M., & Birtwistle, G. (2004). The Burberry business model: creating an international luxury fashion brand. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 32(8), 412–422.
  • Moser, M. (2004). Marka yaratmanın 5 adımı. Baskı, Media Cat Yayıncılık.
  • Nylund, S. M. (2020). Influencing luxury fragrance brand image with celebrity endorsement: Case study Miss Dior.
  • Oh, T. T., Keller, K. L., Neslin, S. A., Reibstein, D. J., & Lehmann, D. R. (2020). The past, present, and future of brand research. Marketing Letters, 31, 151–162.
  • Okonkwo, U. (2016). Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer.
  • Olteanu, L. (2020). Rebranding strategies and their boomerang effect—The curious case of Burberry. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 23(5–6), 777–797.
  • Percoco, G. (2017). The creative industries: the evolution of Burberry’s business model: the see-now, buy-now strategy.
  • Phan, M., Thomas, R., & Heine, K. (2011). Social media and luxury brand management: The case of Burberry. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2(4), 213–222.
  • Pohlman, A.; Mudd, S. (1973). Market image as a function ofgroup and product type: A quantitative approach. Journalof Applied Psychology, 57, 167–171.
  • Power, D., & Hauge, A. (2008). No man’s brand—brands, institutions, and fashion. Growth and Change, 39(1), 123–143.
  • Randall, G. (2005). Markalaştırma, Rota Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Robinson, P. K., & Hsieh, L. (2016). Reshoring: a strategic renewal of luxury clothing supply chains. Operations Management Research, 9, 89–101.
  • Rocamora, A. (2017). Mediatization and digital media in the field of fashion. Fashion Theory, 21(5), 505–522. Roth, M. S. (1995). The effects of culture and socioeconomics on the performance of global brand image strategies. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(2), 163–175.
  • Sheth, J. N., & Park, C. W. (1974). A theory of multidimensional brand loyalty. ACR North American Advances.
  • Simmons, A. (2008). Hikâyenin gücü. Çev. Gökçesu Tamer). İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Skorobogatykh, I. I., Saginova, O., & Musatova, Z. (2014). Comparison of Luxury Brand Perception: Old (UK) vs. Modern (Russia) consumers’ perception toward Burberry Brand. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 1(1), 7.
  • Smith, K., & Wintrob, M. (2013). Brand storytelling: a framework for activation. Design Management Review, 24(1), 36–41.
  • Subaşı, M., & Okumuş, K. (2017). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak durum çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 419–426.
  • Truong, Y., Simmons, G., McColl, R., & Kitchen, P. J. (2008). Status and conspicuousness–are they related? Strategic marketing implications for luxury brands. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 16(3), 189–203.
  • Tungate, M., & Günay, G. (2006). Modada marka olmak Armani’den Zara’ya moda devlerinin marka oluşturma tarzları. Rota Yayınları.
  • Uztuğ, F. (2003). Markan kadar konuş (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Mediacat Yayınları.
  • Want, J. H. (1986). Corporate Mission, The Intangible Contributor to Performance. Management Review, 46–50.
  • Wijaya, B. S. (2013). Dimensions of brand image: A conceptual review from the perspective of brand communication. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(31).
  • Wood, L. (2000). Brands and brand equity: definition and management. Management Decision, 38(9), 662–669.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation Practice, 15(3), 283–290.
  • Zazzara, L., Rapetti, G., & Tyler, D. C. (2020). Burberry Burning Backlash. Available at SSRN 3593785.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Url-1. https://www.teonashop.com/blog/icerik/ingiliz-moda-devi-burberrynin-hikayesi (Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2023).
  • Url-2. http://selimtuncer.blogspot.com/2008/09/grsel-iletiim-kodlamamzn-ya-hedef.html Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2023).

Markalaştırma Kodları: Lüks Moda Markası Burberry Örneği

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 8, 1 - 21, 28.06.2024

Abstract

Günümüzde, tüketimin işlevsel ve sembolik yönleri markalar tarafından ustaca kullanılmaktadır. Tüketim süreçleri ihtiyaçtan öte fanteziler, hisler ve zevkler üzerine düzenlenmektedir. Markalar tüketim olgusunu satın alma öncesi, satın alma ve satın alma sonrası olarak bütün halinde tasarlamaktadır. Müşteriler içerisinde aktif olarak bulundukları haz verici, eğlendirici ve kendileri için anlamlı deneyimlere yönlenmektedir. Bu yaklaşım ile moda markaları da müşterileri için “deneyim, eğlence, tutku, gösteri, duygusal bağlılık” maddelerini ürünlerine yerleştirmektedir. Modanın pazarlama dünyası ile tanıştığı ve bu dünyanın kuralları ile oynamayı başardığı tarihsel süre içerisinde moda markaları inşa olma, ürün geliştirme ve çalkantılı pazarlarda hayatta kalma sürecinde bir dizi denenmiş ve kabul görmüş kodları kullanmıştır. Günümüzde dünyaca ünlü moda markları, keşfedilen ve geliştirilen bu kodları kendi marka imaj ve kişiliklerine uyarlayarak başarıyı yakalamaktadır. Bu çalışmada markalaştırma kodları analiz edilerek moda markalarının izledikleri yol haritaları irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada marka ile ilgili temel kavramlar günümüz moda tüketim olgusu içerisinde incelenmiş ve örnekler ile açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda dünyaca ünlü lüks moda markası Burberry incelenerek başarı merdivenlerini tırmanırken uyguladığı stratejiler araştırılmıştır. Bu stratejiler markanın tarihsel süreçte geçirdiği evreler ışığında bütüncül ve geniş bir bakış açısıyla sunulmuştur.

References

  • Aaker, D. A. (1996). Measuring brand equity across products and markets. California Management Review, 38(3).
  • Aaker, D. A. (2009a). Güçlü markalar yaratmak (Çev: Erdem Demir). İstanbul: MediaCat.
  • Aaker, D. A. (2009b). Marka değeri yönetimi. İstanbul: MediaCat Yayınları.
  • Aaker, D. A., & Biel, A. L. (2013). Brand equity & advertising: advertising’s role in building strong brands. Psychology Press.
  • Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347–356.
  • Ahrendts, A. (2013). Burberry’s CEO on turning an aging British icon into a global luxury brand. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 39–42.
  • Bastos, W., & Levy, S. J. (2012). A history of the concept of branding: practice and theory. Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(3), 347–368.
  • Baudrillard, J. (1997). Tüketim Toplumu,(çev. Hazal Deliceçaylı, Ferda Keskin). Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Beard, F. (2010). Comparative advertising wars: An historical analysis of their causes and consequences. Journal of Macromarketing, 30(3), 270–286.
  • Bhabra, H. S., & Pettway, R. H. (2003). IPO prospectus information and subsequent performance. Financial Review, 38(3), 369–397.
  • Bivainienė, L. (2007). Brand image conceptualization: The role of marketing communication. Economics & Management.
  • Braun, T. (2004). The philosophy of branding: Great philosophers think brands. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Bullmore, J. (1984). The brand and its image revisited. International Journal of Advertising, 3, 235–238.
  • Cerchia, R. E., & Piccolo, K. (2019). The ethical consumer and codes of ethics in the fashion industry. Laws, 8(4), 23.
  • Cho, E., Fiore, A. M., & Russell, D. W. (2015). Validation of a fashion brand image scale capturing cognitive, sensory, and affective associations: Testing its role in an extended brand equity model. Psychology & Marketing, 32(1), 28–48.
  • Da Silveira, C., Lages, C., & Simões, C. (2013). Reconceptualizing brand identity in a dynamic environment. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 28–36.
  • Day, G. S. (1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37–52.
  • Direction, S. (2005). ‘Bravo’for Burberry: from bust to boom–creating a luxury fashion brand. Strategic Direction, 21(1), 22–24.
  • Edward, D. B. (1996). Rekabet üstü. Çev: Oya Özel, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Faircloth, J. B., Capella, L. M., & Alford, B. L. (2001). The effect of brand attitude and brand image on brand equity. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 9(3), 61–75.
  • Frazer, C. F. (1983). Creative strategy: A management per-spective. Journal of Advertising, 12, 36–41.
  • Gardner, B. G.; Levy, S. J. (1955). The product and the brand. Harvard Business Review, 33–39.
  • Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research, principles and practices (Kindle ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge. Gilmore, F. (2003). Marka Savaşçıları (Çev. Fevzi Yalım). İstanbul: Marka Yayınları.
  • Hankinson, G., & Cowking, P. (1997). Branding in practice: the profile and role of brand managers in the UK. Journal of Marketing Management, 13(4), 239–264.
  • Harris, F., & De Chernatony, L. (2001). Corporate branding and corporate brand performance. European Journal of Marketing, 35(3/4), 441–456.
  • Heine, K. (2010). The personality of luxury fashion brands. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 1(3), 154–163. Henry, D., Ahmed, K., & Riddell, A. (2002). The effect of IPO prospectus earnings forecast errors on shareholder returns. Journal of Corporate Communications, 4, 1–27.
  • Hume, M., & Mills, M. (2013). Uncovering Victoria’s Secret: Exploring women’s luxury perceptions of intimate apparel and purchasing behaviour. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 460–485.
  • Ishak, F., & Abd Ghani, N. H. (2013). A review of the literature on brand loyalty and customer loyalty.
  • Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., & Helbig, J. (2013). Final Report Of The Industrie 4.0 Working Group: Recommendations For Implementing The Strategic Initiative Induntrie 4.0. Frankfrut: Acatech-National Academy Of Science And Engineering.
  • Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1–22.
  • Klink, R. R., & Athaide, G. A. (2012). Creating brand personality with brand names. Marketing Letters, 23, 109–117.
  • Knox, S., & Bickerton, D. (2003). The six conventions of corporate branding. European Journal of Marketing, 37(7/8), 998–1016.
  • Kotler, P., Pfoertsch, W., & Orhon, N. (2010). B2B marka yönetimi: firmadan firmaya satışta (B2B) marka nasıl yaratılır? MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Kotler, P., Pfoertsch, W., & Pförtsch, W. A. (2010). Ingredient branding: Making the invisible visible. Springer.
  • Krishna, A. (2012). An integrative review of sensory marketing: Engaging the senses to affect perception, judgment and behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 22(3), 332–351.
  • Küçükerdoğan, R. (2011). Reklam nasıl çözümlenir?: reklam iletişiminde göstergeler ve stratejiler. Beta.
  • Kumar, N., Scheer, L., & Kotler, P. (2000). From market driven to market driving. European Management Journal, 18(2), 129–142.
  • Lewis, T. L., & Haas, B. (2014). Managing an iconic old luxury brand in a new luxury economy: Hermès handbags in the US market. Global Fashion Brands: Style, Luxury & History, 1(1), 167–178.
  • Lindstrom, M. (2006). Duyular ve Marka. çev. Ü. Şensoy. İstanbul: Optimist Yayınları.
  • Malik, M. E., Naeem, B., & Munawar, M. (2012). Brand image: Past, present and future. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 2(12), 13069–13075.
  • Moon, M., & Millison, D. (2000). Ateşten Markalar (2003). Çev. T. Kolkay, MediaCat, İstanbul.
  • Moore, C. M., & Birtwistle, G. (2004). The Burberry business model: creating an international luxury fashion brand. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 32(8), 412–422.
  • Moser, M. (2004). Marka yaratmanın 5 adımı. Baskı, Media Cat Yayıncılık.
  • Nylund, S. M. (2020). Influencing luxury fragrance brand image with celebrity endorsement: Case study Miss Dior.
  • Oh, T. T., Keller, K. L., Neslin, S. A., Reibstein, D. J., & Lehmann, D. R. (2020). The past, present, and future of brand research. Marketing Letters, 31, 151–162.
  • Okonkwo, U. (2016). Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques. Springer.
  • Olteanu, L. (2020). Rebranding strategies and their boomerang effect—The curious case of Burberry. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 23(5–6), 777–797.
  • Percoco, G. (2017). The creative industries: the evolution of Burberry’s business model: the see-now, buy-now strategy.
  • Phan, M., Thomas, R., & Heine, K. (2011). Social media and luxury brand management: The case of Burberry. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 2(4), 213–222.
  • Pohlman, A.; Mudd, S. (1973). Market image as a function ofgroup and product type: A quantitative approach. Journalof Applied Psychology, 57, 167–171.
  • Power, D., & Hauge, A. (2008). No man’s brand—brands, institutions, and fashion. Growth and Change, 39(1), 123–143.
  • Randall, G. (2005). Markalaştırma, Rota Yayınları. İstanbul.
  • Robinson, P. K., & Hsieh, L. (2016). Reshoring: a strategic renewal of luxury clothing supply chains. Operations Management Research, 9, 89–101.
  • Rocamora, A. (2017). Mediatization and digital media in the field of fashion. Fashion Theory, 21(5), 505–522. Roth, M. S. (1995). The effects of culture and socioeconomics on the performance of global brand image strategies. Journal of Marketing Research, 32(2), 163–175.
  • Sheth, J. N., & Park, C. W. (1974). A theory of multidimensional brand loyalty. ACR North American Advances.
  • Simmons, A. (2008). Hikâyenin gücü. Çev. Gökçesu Tamer). İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Skorobogatykh, I. I., Saginova, O., & Musatova, Z. (2014). Comparison of Luxury Brand Perception: Old (UK) vs. Modern (Russia) consumers’ perception toward Burberry Brand. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR), 1(1), 7.
  • Smith, K., & Wintrob, M. (2013). Brand storytelling: a framework for activation. Design Management Review, 24(1), 36–41.
  • Subaşı, M., & Okumuş, K. (2017). Bir araştırma yöntemi olarak durum çalışması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 419–426.
  • Truong, Y., Simmons, G., McColl, R., & Kitchen, P. J. (2008). Status and conspicuousness–are they related? Strategic marketing implications for luxury brands. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 16(3), 189–203.
  • Tungate, M., & Günay, G. (2006). Modada marka olmak Armani’den Zara’ya moda devlerinin marka oluşturma tarzları. Rota Yayınları.
  • Uztuğ, F. (2003). Markan kadar konuş (3. Baskı). İstanbul: Mediacat Yayınları.
  • Want, J. H. (1986). Corporate Mission, The Intangible Contributor to Performance. Management Review, 46–50.
  • Wijaya, B. S. (2013). Dimensions of brand image: A conceptual review from the perspective of brand communication. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(31).
  • Wood, L. (2000). Brands and brand equity: definition and management. Management Decision, 38(9), 662–669.
  • Yin, R. K. (1994). Discovering the future of the case study. Method in evaluation research. Evaluation Practice, 15(3), 283–290.
  • Zazzara, L., Rapetti, G., & Tyler, D. C. (2020). Burberry Burning Backlash. Available at SSRN 3593785.
  • İnternet Kaynakları Url-1. https://www.teonashop.com/blog/icerik/ingiliz-moda-devi-burberrynin-hikayesi (Erişim tarihi: 01.05.2023).
  • Url-2. http://selimtuncer.blogspot.com/2008/09/grsel-iletiim-kodlamamzn-ya-hedef.html Erişim tarihi: 01.06.2023).
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Textile and Fashion Design, Fine Arts
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muazzez Çetiner 0000-0002-7139-5121

Publication Date June 28, 2024
Submission Date September 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 8

Cite

APA Çetiner, M. (2024). Markalaştırma Kodları: Lüks Moda Markası Burberry Örneği. STAR Sanat Ve Tasarım Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(8), 1-21.