How do personality traits influence adolescents' career anxiety and self-efficacy in making career decisions?

Year 2022, , 110 - 123, 31.12.2022

Osman Söner , Olcay Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.51535/tell.1161175

Abstract

The aim of this study was to search for the links between adolescent career anxiety, career decision-making self-efficacy, and adjective-based personality traits, as well as to see how predictive adjective-based personality qualities are for career anxiety and decision-making self-efficacy. A total of 710 students, 511 girls (72%) and 199 boys (28%) from various high schools in Istanbul, Turkey, made up the research group. Predictive correlational model was used in the analysis of the data while Career Anxiety Scale, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale and Adjective-Based Personality Scale were used as data collection tools. After providing the normality assumptions and checking extreme values, data analysis was carried out. Standard multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive potential of personality traits based on adjectives on career anxiety and career decision-making self-efficacy, while Pearson Correlation analysis was utilized to determine the relationship between the variables. As a result of the study, several significant correlations between adolescent career anxiety, career decision-making self-efficacy, and adjective-based personality traits were discovered. It was also discovered that adjective-based personality traits predicted career anxiety and competence expectation in career decision-making.

Keywords

Career anxiety, Career decision-making self-efficacy, Personality traits, Adolescents, Vocational Choice

References

• Abidin, M.H., Amat, S., Bakar, M.A., Mahmud, M.I., & Bakar, A.Y.A. (2019). Career decision making self-efficacy (cdmse) among gifted and talented students in Malaysia: An Initial demographic study. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 7(2), 113-118. https://doi.org/0.17478/jegys.521514
• Akgün, Ö.E., Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E.K. Demirel, F., & Karadeniz, Ş. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (17. Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
• Alkan, N. (2014). Üniversite adaylarının bölüm tercihleri: Bir kariyer araştırma yöntemi olarak bölüm tanıtımları. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(41), 61-74.
• Atlı, A. (2017). Five-factor personality traits as predictor of career maturity. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 68, 151-165.
• Ayyıldız, Y. (2015). Meslek Lisesi Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Sosyo-Demografik Özelliklerine Göre İşsizlik Kaygılarının İncelenmesi. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(20), 175-187.
• Bacanlı, F. (2008). Career decision-making difficulties of Turkish adolescents. Paper presented at Counseling International Perspective: Global Demands and Local Needs, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey, April 25-27.
• Bacanlı, H. İlhan, T., & Aslan, S. (2009). Beş faktör kişilik kuramına dayalı bir kişilik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Sıfatlara dayalı kişilik testi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 7(2), 261-279.
• Bailey, C. J. (2002). Applying the five-factor model of personality to undergraduate career attitudes and beliefs: maturity, decision-making self-efficacy, and control. [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City.
• Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: on the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 611. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
• Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
• Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00273
• Barrett, K. C., Gloeckner, G. W., Leech, N. L., & Morgan, G. A. (2012). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. (Fifth Ed.). United Kingdom: Rutledge Press.
• Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: a meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x
• Bayram, N. (2017). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile veri analizi (6th Ed.). Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
• Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1981). The relationship of career-related self efficacy expectations to perceived career options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399– 410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.28.5.399
• Betz, N. E., Klein, K. L., & Taylor, K. M. (1996). Evaluation of a short-form of career decision making self-efficacy scale. Journal of Career Assessment, 4, 47- 57. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279600400103
• Betz, N. E. (2007). Career self-efficacy: Exemplary recent research and emerging directions. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(4), 403–422. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707305759
• Blustein, D. L. (1989). The role of goal instability and career self-efficacy in the career exploration process. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 35, 194-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(89)90040-7
• Bozieneles, N. (2014). The big five of personality and work involvement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940410520664
• Bullock-Yowell, E., Andrews, L., & Buzzetta, M.E. (2011). Explaining career decision-making self-efficacy: Personality, cognitions, and cultural mistrust. The Career Development Quarterly, 59(5), 400-411. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2011.tb00967.x
• Burger, J. M. (2006). Kişilik (İ.D. Erguvan Sarıoğlu, Trans.). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayıncılık.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı; İstatistik, araştırma deseni SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum. (23th Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Campagna, C.G., & Curtis, G.J. (2007). So worried i don’t know what to be: anxiety is associated with increased career indecision and reduced career certainty. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 17(1), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.17.1.91
• Can, A. (2018). SPSS ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi (6th Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Chadick, C. D. (2018). The role of personality using the millon college counseling inventory in explaining a variety of career decision-making difficulties [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi.
• Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Ahmetoglu, G., & Furnham, A. (2008). Little more than personality: Dispositional determinants of test anxiety (The Big Five, core self-evaluations, and self-assessed intelligence). Learning and Individual Differences, 18(2), 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2007.09.02
• Cho, G. P. (2008). A study of development and validation of the Job-Seeking Anxiety Test for university students. Korean Journal of Educational Research, 46, 53–75.
• Choi, B. Y., Park, H., Yang, E., Lee, S. K., Lee, Y., & Lee, S. M. (2012). Understanding career decision self-efficacy: A meta-analytic approach. Journal of Career Development, 39(5), 443– 460. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845311398042
• Chung, Y. B. (2002). Career decision-making self-efficacy and career commitment: Gender and ethnic differences among college students. Journal of Career Development, 28(4), 277-284. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015146122546
• Corkin, D., Arbona, C., Coleman, N., & Ramirez, R. (2008). Dimensions of career indecision among Puerto Rican college students. Journal of College Students Development, 49(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2008,0015
• Crites, J. (1976). A comprehensive model of career development in early adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(76)90012-9
• Daniels, L.M., Stewart, T. L., Stupnisky, R.H., Perry, R.P., & LoVerso, T. (2011). Relieving career anxiety and indecision: The role of undergraduate students’ perceived control and faculty affiliations. Social Psycholhology of Education, 14, 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-010-9151-x
• Dursun, A., & Kara, A. (2019). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinde kariyer karar verme güçlüklerinin yordayıcısı olarak kariyer kararı yetkinlik beklentisi ve kariyer seçiminde aile etkisi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 39-55.
• Eryılmaz, A., & Öğülmüş, S. (2010). Ergenlikte öznel iyi oluş ve beş faktör kişilik modeli. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3), 189-203.
• Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publication
• Fouad, N. A. (2007). Work and vocational psychology: Theory, research, and applications. Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (1), 543–564. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085713
• Gati, I., Gadassi, R., Saka, N., Hadadi, Y., Ansenberg, N., Friedmann, R., & Asulin-Peretz, L. (2011). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career decision-making difficulties: Facets of career indecisiveness. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072710382525
• Gati, I., & Saka, N. (2001). Internet-based versus paperand-pencil assessment: Measuring career decisionmaking difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 9(4), 397-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270100900406
• Glass, R., Prichard, J., Lafortune, A., & Schwab, N. (2013). The influence of personality and facebook use on student academic performance. Issues in Information Systems, 14(2), 119-126.
• Gökdeniz, İ., & Merdan, E. (2011). Kişilik ve kariyer seçimi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 3(2), 23-36.
• Gushue, G. V., Clarke, C. P., Pantzer, K. M. & Scanlan, K. R. L. (2006). Self-efficacy, perceptions of barriers, vocational identity and the career exploration behavior of Latino/a high school students. Journal of Career Development, 54(4), 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2006.tb00196.x
• Harren, V. A. (1979). A model of career decision making for college students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 119–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(79)90065-4
• Hawkins, J.G., Bradley, R.W., & White, G.W. (1977). Anxiety and the process of deciding about a major and a vocation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24(5), 398-403. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.24.5.398
• Heiser, N.A., Turner, S.M. & Beidel, C.D. (2003). Shyness: relationship to social phobia and other psychiatric disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(2), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00003-7
• Hoseinifar, J., Siedkalan M.M., Zirak, S.R., Nowrozi, M., Shaker, A., Meamer, E., & Ghaderi, E. (2011). An Investigation of the relation between creavity and five factors of personality in students. Social and Behaviours Sciences, 30(1), 2037-2041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.394
• Hou, C., Wu, L., & Liu, Z. (2014). Effect of proactive personality and decision-making selfefficacy on career adaptability among Chinese graduate students. Social Behavior and Personality, 42(6), 903–912. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.6903
• Işık, E. (2010). Sosyal bilişsel kariyer teorisi temelli bir grup müdahalesinin üniversite öğrencilerinin kariyer kararı yetkinlik ve mesleki sonuç beklenti düzeylerine etkisi [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.
• Jin, L., Watkins, D., & Yuen, M. (2009). Personality, career decision self-efficacy and commitment to the career choices process among Chinese graduate students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(1), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.10.002
• Judge, T. A., Higgins, C. A., Thoresen, C. J., & Barrick, M. R. (1999). The big five personality traits, general mental ability, and career success across the life span. Personnel Psychology, 52(3), 621-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00174.x
• Kacar, M., & Sarıçam, H. (2015). Sınıf öğretmen adaylarının üstbiliş farkındalıkları ile matematik kaygı düzeyleri üzerine bir çalışma. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 137-152.
• Kaplan, D. M., & Brown, D. (1987). The role of anxiety in career indecisiveness. The Career Development Quarterly, 36(2), 148-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1987.tb00786.x
• Karasar, N. (2019). Bilimsel irade algı çerçevesi ile bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (34th Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Kaya, M., & Varol, K. (2004). İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin durumluk sürekli kaygı düzeyleri ve kaygı nedenleri (Samsun örneği). Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(17), 31-63.
• Kayadibi, S. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinin kariyer kaygilari ile beş faktör kişilik özellikleri arasindaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Adana.
• Kim, S., & Yang, S. (2019). The effects of Korean college students’ self-identity on career decisionmaking self-efficacy. Social Behavior and Personality, 47(9), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8127
• Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019237
• Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2000). Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.1.36
• Lounsbury, J. W., Hutchens, T., & Loveland, J. M. (2005). An investigation of big five personality traits and career decidedness among early and middle adolescents. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(1), 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072704270272
• Lounsbury, J. W., & Gibson, L. W. (2009). Personal style inventory: A personality measurement system for work and school settings. Knoxville, TN: Resource Associates Inc.
• McAdams, D.P. (2008). The person: An introduction to the science of personality psychology (5. Ed.). New Jersey: Wiley.
• McCrae, B. Robert, R., & Costa, P. T. (1985). Updating norman’s “Adequate Taxonomy”: Intelligence and personality dimensions in natural language and in questionnaires. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(3), 710-721. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.3.710
• Mojgan, F.H., Kadir, R.A., & Soheil, S. (2011). The relationship between state and trait anxiety and career indecision of undergraduatestudents. International Education Studies, 4(3), 31-135. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n3p31
• Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., Scullen, S. M., & Rounds, J. (2005). Higher-order dimensions of the big five personality traits and the big six vocational interest types. Personal Psychology, 58(2), 447-478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00468.x
• Nalbantoglu F. Y., & Gunduz, H. C. (2018a). Career indecision and career anxiety in high school students: An investigation through structural equation modelling. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 78(18), 23-41.
• Nalbantoglu F. Y., & Gunduz, H. C. (2018b). Lise öğrencilerinin kariyer kaygılarının çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (3), 1585-1602.
• Noyan, H., & Berk, H. Ö. S. (2007, July 5). Ergenlerde sosyal fobi, içe ve dışa dönük kişilik özellikleri ve okul başarı durumu [Paper presentation]. 12. Ulusal Psikoloji Öğrencileri Kongresi, Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti.
• Onay, M., & Uzel, U. (2011). Kişi-kültür uyumunun kariyer planlaması üzerindeki etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 12(2), 265-278.
• Özyürek, R. (2016). Kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı kuramları: Çocuk ve ergenler için kariyer rehberliği uygulamaları. (2nd Ed.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Page, J., Bruch, M. A., & Haase, R. F. (2008). Role of perfectionism and five-factor model traits in career indecision. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 811-815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.013
• Patton, W., & Creed, P. A. (2001). Developmental issues in career maturity and career decision status. The Career Development Quarterly, 49, 336-351. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00961.x
• Pen, L.T. (2016). Testing the joint roles of career decision self-efficacy and personality traits in the prediction of career indecision [Unpublished master’s dissertation]. Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park.
• Pecjak, S., & Kosir, K. (2007). Personality, motivational factors and difficulties in career 161 decision-making in secondary school students. Psihologijske Teme, 16(1), 141- 158.
• Pisarik, C.T., Rowell, P.C., & Thompson, L.K. (2017). A phenomenological study of career anxiety among college students. National Career Development Association, 65(4), 339-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12112
• Rogers, M. E., Creed, P. A., & Glendon, A. I. (2008). The role of personality in adolescent career planning and exploration: A social cognitive perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 132-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.02.002
• Saka, N., Gati, I., & Kelly, K. R. (2008). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career-decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(4), 403–424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708318900
• Sarıçam, H. (2013). Psikoloji ve eğitimde kullanılan güncel ölçme araçları. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
• Seibert, S. E., & Kraimer, M. L. (2001). The five-factor model of personality and career success. Journal of vocational behavior, 58(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2000.1757 Shin, Y.J., & Lee, J.Y. (2019). Self-Focused Attention and Career Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Career Adaptability. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(2), 110-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12175
• Şanlı Kula, K., & Saraç, T. (2016). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Gelecek Kaygısı. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 33(13), 227-242.
• Taylor, K. M., & Betz, N. E. (1983). Applications of self-efficacy theory to the understanding and treatment of career indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 22(1), 63–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(83)90006-4
• Tsai, C. T., Hsu, H., & Hsu, Y. C. (2017). Tourism and hospitality college students’ career anxiety: Scale development and validation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 29(4), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2017.1382365
• Uysal, M., & Günay, S. (2001). Durbin-watson ölçütüne göre kararsızlık bölgesinde bulunan negatif otokorelasyon için bazi testler. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2), 277-284.
• Vignoli, E., Croity-Belz, S., Chapeland, V., Fillipis, A., & Garcia, M. (2005). Career exploration in adolescents: The role of anxiety, attachment and parenting style. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 153-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.006
• Vignoli, E. (2015). Career indecision and career exploration among older French dolescents: the specific role of general trait anxiety and future school and career anxiety. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 182-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.06.055
• Vreeke, L. J., & Muris, P. (2012). Relations between behavioral inhibition, big five personality factors, and anxiety disorder symptoms in non-clinical and clinically anxious children. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 43(6), 884-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-012-0302-5
• Yam, F.C., & İlhan, T. (2016). Psikolojik danışma özyeterliliği: Kişilik özellikleri, kaygı düzeyleri ve geçmiş eğitim yaşantıları. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 42(8), 1304-1313.
• Yelboğa, A. (2006). Kişilik özellikleri ile iş performansı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. İş, Güç, Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 8(2), 1303-2860.
• Yeşilyaprak, B. (2019). Mesleki rehberlik ve kariyer danışmanlığı kuramdan uygulamaya. (10th Ed.). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Zırhlıoğlu, G., & Atlı, G. (2011). Beden eğitimi bölümü özel yetenek sınavı puanlarının akademik başarı üzerindeki yordama geçerliği. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(161), 176-185.
• Wang, N., Jome, L.M., Haase, R.F., & Bruch, M.A. (2006). The role of personality and career decision-making self-efficacy in the career choice commitment of college students. Journal of Career Assesment, 14(3), 312-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072706286474