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Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa

Year 2017, Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey, 489 - 506, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.360609

Abstract

Kuvaterner Devri (~2.6 milyon yıl) üzerine yoğunlaşan çalışmalar, yeryüzünün yakın dönem jeolojik geçmişini, özellikle iklim değişiklikleri, tektonik ve volkanik aktivitenin canlılar ile etkileşimini ilişkilendirerek araştırmaktadır. Bu tarz çalışmalar, günümüzde arkeoloji, jeoloji, paleoantropoloji, coğrafya, paleosismoloji vb. farklı bilim dallarınca, disiplinler arası işbirliği ile sürdürülmektedir. Bu anlamda yerin geçmişini araştıran bu bilim dallarının, “neden”, “nasıl”, “nerede” sorularının yanı sıra özellikle “ne zaman” sorularının cevabını araştırmak için en çok faydalandıkları temel bilimler, fizik ve kimya’dır. Çünkü temel bilimlerin katkısıyla yer süreçleri sonucu gerçekleşen çeşitli ölçekte tekil olayların gerçekleşme zamanlarının ve bununla birlikte bu süreçlerinin hızının ölçülebilmesi amacıyla farklı tarihlendirme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir ve bu tekniklerin, güncel bilgiler ışığında, hassaslıklarının arttırılması ve uygulama sahalarının genişletilmesi konusunda araştırmalar hızla devam etmektedir. 
Bu çalışmaların temel veri kaynaklarından olan inorganik çökellerin depolanma kronolojisi, önemli ölçüde, Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (OSL) ve Termolüminesans (TL) yaş tayini çalışmalarıyla, birkaç yüz bin yıla kadar ulaşan zaman için, desteklenmektedir. Bununla birlikte kristal yapılarındaki lüminesans oluşum mekanizması ve tuzak-yük yapısını inceleyen yeni gelişmeler kullanılarak lüminesans tarihlendirme yöntemlerinin milyon yıllar mertebesindeki yaş aralığını kapsamak adına oldukça iyi bir potansiyele sahip olduğu gösterilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada, Manisa Kula Volkanik Bölgesi içerisinde, aktivite kronolojisi çok iyi bilinen bir lav akıntısı tarafından  örtülen ve milyon yıl mertebesinde depolanma tarihçesine sahip çökel katmanların yaş tayinlerinin, çeşitli lüminesans teknikler ile karşılaştırmalı olarak analizi konu edilmektedir. Bu amaçla lüminesans tarihlendirme analizlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan doğal minerallerin sıradan tuzaklarına göre daha derinde olan tuzakları, Termal asistan OSL (TA-OSL) tekniği ile araştırılarak tarihlendirmesi literatürde ilk defa gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuç (1066±90 binyıl), radyometrik tarihlendirme ile önerilen 1200±22 binyıl yaş ile 88±10% oranında uyumludur.

References

  • Adamiec, G., and Aitken, M. J., 1998. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL, 16, 2, 3750.
  • Aitken, M. J.,1985. Thermoluminescence dating. Academic press, Orlando, Florida.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Guralnik, B., Buylaert, J. P., Reimann, T., Yi, S. W., & Wallinga, J., 2016. Violet stimulated luminescence dating of quartz from Luochuan (Chinese loess plateau): Agreement with independent chronology up to∼ 600 ka. Quaternary Geochronology, 34, 33-46.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Guralnik, B., Porat, N., Heimann, A., Jain, M., & Wallinga, J., 2015. Violet stimulated luminescence: geo-or thermochronometer?. Radiation Measurements, 81, 78-84.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Jain, M., and Wallinga, J., 2013. Towards dating Quaternary sediments using the quartz Violet Stimulated Luminescence (VSL) signal.Quaternary Geochronology, 18, 99-109.
  • Borsi, M., Ferrara, G., Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., 1972. Geochoronology and petrology of recent volcanics of Eastern Aegean Sea, Bull. Volcan., 36/1, 473-496.
  • Bøtter-Jensen, L., McKeever, S. W., Wintle, A. G., 2003. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry. Elsevier.
  • Bulur, E., Göksu, H.Y. 1999. Phototransferred thermoluminescence from a-Al2O3:C using blue light emitting diodes. Radiation Measurements 30, 203–206.
  • Ercan, T., 1993. Interpretation of geochemical, radiometric and isotopic data on Kula volcanics (Manisa-western Anatolia). Geol. Bull. Turk. 36 (1), 113-129.
  • Ercan, E., Türkecan, A., Dinçel, A., Günay, E., 1983. Kula-Selendi (Manisa) Bölgesinin Jeolojisi. Jeoloji Mühendisligi 17, 3-28.
  • Ersoy, Y., Helvacı, C., Sözbilir, H., 2010. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the NEeSW-trending superimposed Selendi basin: implications for late Cenozoic crustal extension in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonophysics 488, 210-232.
  • Erinç, S., 1970. Kula-Adala arasında genç volkan röliyefi.İ.Ü. Coğrafya Ens. Derg. 17, 148-167.
  • Galbraith, R.F. and Roberts R.G., 2012. Statistical aspects of equivalent dose and error calculation and display in OSL dating: An overview and some recommendations. Quaternary Geochronology, 11, 1-27.
  • Gorp, W., Veldkamp, A., Temme, A.J.A.M., Maddy D., Demir T., van der Schriek T., Reimannf, T., Wallinga J., Wijbrans J., Schoorl, J.M. 2013. Fluvial response to Holocene volcanic damming and breaching in the Gediz and Geren Rivers, western Turkey, Geomorphology 201, 430-448.
  • Heineke, C., Niedermann, S., Hetzel, R., & Akal, C. (2016). Surface exposure dating of Holocene basalt flows and cinder cones in the Kula volcanic field (Western Turkey) using cosmogenic 3 He and 10 Be. Quaternary Geochronology, 34, 81-91.
  • Jacobs, Z., Roberts, RG., Lachlan, TJ., Karkanas, P., Marean, CW., Robert,s DL., 2011. Development of the SAR TT-OSL procedure for dating Middle Pleistocence dune and shallow marine deposits along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Quat Geochronology 6:491–513.
  • Kitis, G., Kiyak, N.G., Polymeris, G.S. and Pagonis, V. 2010. Investigation of OSL signals from very deep traps in unfired and fired quartz samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268, 592–598.
  • Kitis, G., Polymeris, G.S., Pagonis, V. and Tsirliganis, N.C. 2013. Anomalous Fading of OSL signals originating from very deep traps in Durango apatite. Radiation Measurements 49 73-81.
  • Kittel, C. 2004. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edn, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. 675p.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Westaway, R., 2005. An obliquity-controlled Early Pleistocene river terrace record from Western Turkey? Quat. Res. 63, 339-346.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Veldkamp, A., Bridgland, D.R., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Schreve, D., 2012. The obliquity-controlled early Pleistocene terrace sequence of the Gediz River, Western Turkey: a revised correlation and chronology. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 169, 67-82.
  • Maddy, D., Schreve, D., Demir, T., Veldkamp, A., Wijbrans, J.R., van Gorp, W., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Dekkers, M.J., Scaife, R., Schoorl, J.M., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., 2015. The earliest securely-dated hominin artefact in Anatolia? Quat. Sci. Rev. 109, 68-75.
  • Maddy, D., Veldkamp, A., Demir, T., van Gorp, W., Wijbrans, J.R., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Dekkers, M.J., Scahreve, D., Schoorl, J.M., Scaife, R., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Bridgland, D.R., Aytaç, A.S., 2017. The Gediz River fluvial archive: A benchmark for Quaternary research in Western Anatolia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 166, 68-75.
  • McKeever, S. W. 1988. Thermoluminescence of solids (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press.
  • Murray, A. S., and Wintle, A. G. 2000. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation measurements, 32(1), 57-73.
  • Ozaner, F.S., 1992. Detecting the polycyclic drainage evolution in Kula region (western Turkey) using aerial photographs. ITC J. 1992-1993, 249-253.
  • Polymeris, G.S. and Kitis, G. 2012. Thermally assisted photo transfer OSL from deep traps in Al2O3:C grains exhibiting different TL peak shapes. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70(10), 2478-2487.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Raptis, S., Afouxenidis, D., Tsirliganis, N.C. and Kitis, G. 2010. Thermally assisted OSL from deep traps in Al2O3:C. Radiation Measurements 45, 519–522.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Şahiner, E., Meriç, N. and Kitis, G. 2015a. Experimental features of natural thermally assisted OSL (NTA-OSL) signal in various quartz samples; preliminary results. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 349, 24-30.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Şahiner, E., Meriç, N. and Kitis, G. 2015b. Thermal assistance in TA - OSL signals of feldspar and polymineral samples; comparison with the case of pure quartz. Radiation Measurements. 81, 270-274.
  • Richardson-Bunbury, J.M., 1996. The Kula volcanic field, western Turkey: the development of a Holocene alkali basalt province and the adjacent normal faulting graben. Geol. Mag. 133, 275-283.
  • Şahiner, E., 2015. Paleosismolojik çalışmalarda TL/OSL ve ESR yöntemlerinin kullanılması: Kütahya-Simav ve Kuzey Anadolu fay hattı. Doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. 216s.
  • Şahiner, E., Meriç, N., & Polymeris, G. S. (2017). Thermally assisted OSL application for equivalent dose estimation; comparison of multiple equivalent dose values as well as saturation levels determined by luminescence and ESR techniques for a sedimentary sample collected from a fault gouge. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 392, 21-30.
  • Şen, E., Erturaç, M.K., Gümüş, E. 2017. Quaternary monogenetic volcanoes scattered on a horst: the bountiful landscape of Kula. In: Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey. Chapter:34, Ed. Kuzucuoglu, C., Çiner, A., Kazancı, N. Springer.
  • Veldkamp, A., Candy, I., Jongmans, A.G., Maddy, D., Demir, T., Schoorl, J.M., Schreve, D., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., 2015. Reconstructing Early Pleistocene (1.3 Ma) terrestrial environmental change in western Anatolia: did it drive fluvial terrace formation? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 417, 91-104.
  • Wang, W-D., Xia, J-D., Zhou, Z-X., 2006a Thermoluminescence dating of the ancient Chinese porcelain using a regression method of saturation exponential in pre-dose technique. Sci China Ser E: Technol Sci 49:194–209
  • Wang, XL., Lu, YC., Wintle, AG., 2006b. Recuperated OSL dating of fine-grained quartz in Chinese loess. Quat Geochronol 1:89–100
  • Wang, XL., Wintle, AG., Lu, YC., 2007 Testing a single-aliquot protocol for recuperated OSL dating. – Radiation Measurements 42:380–391
  • Westaway, R., Pringle, M., Yurtmen, S., Demir, T., Bridgland, D.R., Rowbottom, G., Maddy, D., 2004. Pliocene and Quaternary regional uplift in western Turkey: the Gediz river terrace staircase and the volcanism at Kula. Tectonophysics 391, 121-169.
  • Westaway, R., Guillou, H., Yurtmen, S., Beck, A., Bridgland, D.R., Demir, T., Rowbottam, G., 2006. Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: improved dating and numerical modelling of the Gediz river terrace staircase and the Kula Quaternary volcanic field. Glob. Planet. Change 51, 131-171.
  • Wintle, AG., 1973. Anomalous fading of thermoluminescence in mineral samples. Nature 245: 143–144

Dating of geological samples over millions of years by Thermally Assisted Optically Stimulated Luminescence (TA-OSL) technique: Gediz River Terraces, Kula/Manisa

Year 2017, Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey, 489 - 506, 29.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.360609

Abstract

Studies focusing on the Quaternary, the last period of the Earth’s history (~ 2.6 Ma) is involved with interaction of biosphere with significant earth processes such as climate changes, tectonic and volcanic activities.These studies are interdisciplinary in nature, which combines questions, techniques and methodologies of archeology, geology, paleoanthropology, geography and paleoseismology. In order to understand the main questions, such as “why”, “where” and “how” in earth processes, we consult physics and chemistry to answer the question “when”.  Fundamental sciences provide independent dating techniques to determine the exact timing and also rate of significant events. These techniques continuously develop by means of accuracy, integrity, sensitivity and also field of application.

One of the basic sources of information of these studies, inorganic sediments, are successfully dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) methods for the Late Quaternary time interval (100200 ka). Recent developments in luminescence technique involves the study of formation of luminescence signal and nature of trap-charge structures in crystal lattice reveal possibility of dating older sediments deposited over million years ago.

In this study, we investigated the luminescence age of a high fluvial terrace in Kula (Manisa) Volcanic Field which is previously dated by constraining its deposition age with the radiometric dates of overlying lava flow (~1200 Ma) by employing Thermally Assisted (TA) OSL protocol. TA-OSL stimulates deeper traps than the ordinary OSL methods extending the age limit significantly. The result of TA-OSL age (1066±90 ka) coincides (88±10%) with the mean of radiometric dates (1200±22 ka), showing a promising success of a developing technique.  

References

  • Adamiec, G., and Aitken, M. J., 1998. Dose-rate conversion factors: update. Ancient TL, 16, 2, 3750.
  • Aitken, M. J.,1985. Thermoluminescence dating. Academic press, Orlando, Florida.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Guralnik, B., Buylaert, J. P., Reimann, T., Yi, S. W., & Wallinga, J., 2016. Violet stimulated luminescence dating of quartz from Luochuan (Chinese loess plateau): Agreement with independent chronology up to∼ 600 ka. Quaternary Geochronology, 34, 33-46.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Guralnik, B., Porat, N., Heimann, A., Jain, M., & Wallinga, J., 2015. Violet stimulated luminescence: geo-or thermochronometer?. Radiation Measurements, 81, 78-84.
  • Ankjærgaard, C., Jain, M., and Wallinga, J., 2013. Towards dating Quaternary sediments using the quartz Violet Stimulated Luminescence (VSL) signal.Quaternary Geochronology, 18, 99-109.
  • Borsi, M., Ferrara, G., Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., 1972. Geochoronology and petrology of recent volcanics of Eastern Aegean Sea, Bull. Volcan., 36/1, 473-496.
  • Bøtter-Jensen, L., McKeever, S. W., Wintle, A. G., 2003. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry. Elsevier.
  • Bulur, E., Göksu, H.Y. 1999. Phototransferred thermoluminescence from a-Al2O3:C using blue light emitting diodes. Radiation Measurements 30, 203–206.
  • Ercan, T., 1993. Interpretation of geochemical, radiometric and isotopic data on Kula volcanics (Manisa-western Anatolia). Geol. Bull. Turk. 36 (1), 113-129.
  • Ercan, E., Türkecan, A., Dinçel, A., Günay, E., 1983. Kula-Selendi (Manisa) Bölgesinin Jeolojisi. Jeoloji Mühendisligi 17, 3-28.
  • Ersoy, Y., Helvacı, C., Sözbilir, H., 2010. Tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the NEeSW-trending superimposed Selendi basin: implications for late Cenozoic crustal extension in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonophysics 488, 210-232.
  • Erinç, S., 1970. Kula-Adala arasında genç volkan röliyefi.İ.Ü. Coğrafya Ens. Derg. 17, 148-167.
  • Galbraith, R.F. and Roberts R.G., 2012. Statistical aspects of equivalent dose and error calculation and display in OSL dating: An overview and some recommendations. Quaternary Geochronology, 11, 1-27.
  • Gorp, W., Veldkamp, A., Temme, A.J.A.M., Maddy D., Demir T., van der Schriek T., Reimannf, T., Wallinga J., Wijbrans J., Schoorl, J.M. 2013. Fluvial response to Holocene volcanic damming and breaching in the Gediz and Geren Rivers, western Turkey, Geomorphology 201, 430-448.
  • Heineke, C., Niedermann, S., Hetzel, R., & Akal, C. (2016). Surface exposure dating of Holocene basalt flows and cinder cones in the Kula volcanic field (Western Turkey) using cosmogenic 3 He and 10 Be. Quaternary Geochronology, 34, 81-91.
  • Jacobs, Z., Roberts, RG., Lachlan, TJ., Karkanas, P., Marean, CW., Robert,s DL., 2011. Development of the SAR TT-OSL procedure for dating Middle Pleistocence dune and shallow marine deposits along the southern Cape coast of South Africa. Quat Geochronology 6:491–513.
  • Kitis, G., Kiyak, N.G., Polymeris, G.S. and Pagonis, V. 2010. Investigation of OSL signals from very deep traps in unfired and fired quartz samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 268, 592–598.
  • Kitis, G., Polymeris, G.S., Pagonis, V. and Tsirliganis, N.C. 2013. Anomalous Fading of OSL signals originating from very deep traps in Durango apatite. Radiation Measurements 49 73-81.
  • Kittel, C. 2004. Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Edn, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. 675p.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Bridgland, D., Veldkamp, A., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Westaway, R., 2005. An obliquity-controlled Early Pleistocene river terrace record from Western Turkey? Quat. Res. 63, 339-346.
  • Maddy, D., Demir, T., Veldkamp, A., Bridgland, D.R., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Schreve, D., 2012. The obliquity-controlled early Pleistocene terrace sequence of the Gediz River, Western Turkey: a revised correlation and chronology. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 169, 67-82.
  • Maddy, D., Schreve, D., Demir, T., Veldkamp, A., Wijbrans, J.R., van Gorp, W., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Dekkers, M.J., Scaife, R., Schoorl, J.M., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., 2015. The earliest securely-dated hominin artefact in Anatolia? Quat. Sci. Rev. 109, 68-75.
  • Maddy, D., Veldkamp, A., Demir, T., van Gorp, W., Wijbrans, J.R., van Hinsbergen, D.J.J., Dekkers, M.J., Scahreve, D., Schoorl, J.M., Scaife, R., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., Bridgland, D.R., Aytaç, A.S., 2017. The Gediz River fluvial archive: A benchmark for Quaternary research in Western Anatolia. Quat. Sci. Rev. 166, 68-75.
  • McKeever, S. W. 1988. Thermoluminescence of solids (Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press.
  • Murray, A. S., and Wintle, A. G. 2000. Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol. Radiation measurements, 32(1), 57-73.
  • Ozaner, F.S., 1992. Detecting the polycyclic drainage evolution in Kula region (western Turkey) using aerial photographs. ITC J. 1992-1993, 249-253.
  • Polymeris, G.S. and Kitis, G. 2012. Thermally assisted photo transfer OSL from deep traps in Al2O3:C grains exhibiting different TL peak shapes. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70(10), 2478-2487.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Raptis, S., Afouxenidis, D., Tsirliganis, N.C. and Kitis, G. 2010. Thermally assisted OSL from deep traps in Al2O3:C. Radiation Measurements 45, 519–522.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Şahiner, E., Meriç, N. and Kitis, G. 2015a. Experimental features of natural thermally assisted OSL (NTA-OSL) signal in various quartz samples; preliminary results. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 349, 24-30.
  • Polymeris, G.S., Şahiner, E., Meriç, N. and Kitis, G. 2015b. Thermal assistance in TA - OSL signals of feldspar and polymineral samples; comparison with the case of pure quartz. Radiation Measurements. 81, 270-274.
  • Richardson-Bunbury, J.M., 1996. The Kula volcanic field, western Turkey: the development of a Holocene alkali basalt province and the adjacent normal faulting graben. Geol. Mag. 133, 275-283.
  • Şahiner, E., 2015. Paleosismolojik çalışmalarda TL/OSL ve ESR yöntemlerinin kullanılması: Kütahya-Simav ve Kuzey Anadolu fay hattı. Doktora tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fizik Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı. 216s.
  • Şahiner, E., Meriç, N., & Polymeris, G. S. (2017). Thermally assisted OSL application for equivalent dose estimation; comparison of multiple equivalent dose values as well as saturation levels determined by luminescence and ESR techniques for a sedimentary sample collected from a fault gouge. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 392, 21-30.
  • Şen, E., Erturaç, M.K., Gümüş, E. 2017. Quaternary monogenetic volcanoes scattered on a horst: the bountiful landscape of Kula. In: Landscapes and Landforms of Turkey. Chapter:34, Ed. Kuzucuoglu, C., Çiner, A., Kazancı, N. Springer.
  • Veldkamp, A., Candy, I., Jongmans, A.G., Maddy, D., Demir, T., Schoorl, J.M., Schreve, D., Stemerdink, C., van der Schriek, T., 2015. Reconstructing Early Pleistocene (1.3 Ma) terrestrial environmental change in western Anatolia: did it drive fluvial terrace formation? Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 417, 91-104.
  • Wang, W-D., Xia, J-D., Zhou, Z-X., 2006a Thermoluminescence dating of the ancient Chinese porcelain using a regression method of saturation exponential in pre-dose technique. Sci China Ser E: Technol Sci 49:194–209
  • Wang, XL., Lu, YC., Wintle, AG., 2006b. Recuperated OSL dating of fine-grained quartz in Chinese loess. Quat Geochronol 1:89–100
  • Wang, XL., Wintle, AG., Lu, YC., 2007 Testing a single-aliquot protocol for recuperated OSL dating. – Radiation Measurements 42:380–391
  • Westaway, R., Pringle, M., Yurtmen, S., Demir, T., Bridgland, D.R., Rowbottom, G., Maddy, D., 2004. Pliocene and Quaternary regional uplift in western Turkey: the Gediz river terrace staircase and the volcanism at Kula. Tectonophysics 391, 121-169.
  • Westaway, R., Guillou, H., Yurtmen, S., Beck, A., Bridgland, D.R., Demir, T., Rowbottam, G., 2006. Late Cenozoic uplift of western Turkey: improved dating and numerical modelling of the Gediz river terrace staircase and the Kula Quaternary volcanic field. Glob. Planet. Change 51, 131-171.
  • Wintle, AG., 1973. Anomalous fading of thermoluminescence in mineral samples. Nature 245: 143–144
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Eren Şahiner

M. Korhan Erturaç This is me

Niyazi Meriç This is me

Publication Date December 29, 2017
Submission Date November 11, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 60 Issue: 4 - Quaternary Research in Turkey

Cite

APA Şahiner, E., Erturaç, M. K., & Meriç, N. (2017). Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 60(4), 489-506. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.360609
AMA Şahiner E, Erturaç MK, Meriç N. Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa. Geol. Bull. Turkey. December 2017;60(4):489-506. doi:10.25288/tjb.360609
Chicago Şahiner, Eren, M. Korhan Erturaç, and Niyazi Meriç. “Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60, no. 4 (December 2017): 489-506. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.360609.
EndNote Şahiner E, Erturaç MK, Meriç N (December 1, 2017) Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60 4 489–506.
IEEE E. Şahiner, M. K. Erturaç, and N. Meriç, “Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa”, Geol. Bull. Turkey, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 489–506, 2017, doi: 10.25288/tjb.360609.
ISNAD Şahiner, Eren et al. “Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 60/4 (December 2017), 489-506. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.360609.
JAMA Şahiner E, Erturaç MK, Meriç N. Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2017;60:489–506.
MLA Şahiner, Eren et al. “Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, vol. 60, no. 4, 2017, pp. 489-06, doi:10.25288/tjb.360609.
Vancouver Şahiner E, Erturaç MK, Meriç N. Termal-Asistan Optik Uyarmalı Lüminesans (TA-OSL) Tekniğiyle Milyon Yıl Mertebesindeki Jeolojik Örneklerin Tarihlendirilmesi: Gediz Taraçaları, Kula/Manisa. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2017;60(4):489-506.

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