Antropojenik Kaynaklı Metal Kirliliğinin Çevresel Etkilerinin Azaltılmasında Uçucu Kül Kullanımı

Year 2020, Volume: 63 Issue: 1, 43 - 56, 31.01.2020

Deniz Şanlıyüksel Yücel , Burcu İleri

https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.593416

Abstract

Antropojenik etki ile oluşan asit maden drenajı (AMD) düşük pH, yüksek konsantrasyonda metal, sülfat, çözünmüş ve askıda katı madde içermektedir. Türkiye’nin kuzeybatısındaki Çan kömür havzasında bulunan Etili kömür madeninde 1980’li yıllardan günümüze AMD’nın neden olduğu çevresel sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Madencilik faaliyetleri neticesinde kömür ocaklarının çevresinde oluşan tane boyutu ince ve yüksek sülfür içerikli pasalar geniş alana yayılmakta ve AMD oluşum süreçlerini hızlandırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Etili kömür madeninde oluşan AMD’nın nötralizasyonu ve çevresel etkilerinin azaltılmasında akışkan yataklı termik santral atığı olan uçucu külün etkisinin laboratuvar ölçeğinde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kimyasal analiz sonuçları, çamur pH’ı ve asit-baz hesaplama testlerine göre Etili maden sahasındaki pasaların efektif olarak AMD üretimini önlemek için ağırlıkça en az %30 uçucu kül ile karışması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Belirlenen optimum karışım oranına göre hazırlanan liç testleri sonucunda liçin pH değerinin arttığı, elektriksel iletkenlik, metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn) ve sülfat konsantrasyonunun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 24 saatin sonunda karışım liçinin metal konsantrasyonu Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği limit değerlerini sağlamış ve 720 saat boyunca liçin metal konsantrasyonunda artış olmamıştır. 720 saatin sonunda liçteki metal konsantrasyonun %72-97 arasında azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile uçucu kül kullanılarak AMD’nın çevresel etkilerinin minimize edilebileceği saptanmıştır.

Keywords

Asit maden drenajı, Çan kömür havzası, çevresel etki, metal liçi, pasa, uçucu kül

Supporting Institution

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

FBA-2018-2649

Mitigation of Environmental Effects of Anthropogenic Metal Contamination Using Fly Ash

Abstract

Acid mine drainage (AMD) generated by anthropogenic effects has low pH and contains high concentrations of metals, sulfate, dissolved and suspended solids. The Etili coal mine, located within the Çan Coal Basin, northwestern Turkey, has been facing environmental problems caused by AMD since the 1980s. As a result of mining activities, fine grain size mine waste with high sulfur content is distributed over large areas around the coal mines and accelerates the AMD formation process. In this study, the aim was to determine the effect of using the fluidized bed thermal power plant waste of fly ash to neutralize AMD and reduce environmental effects caused by mine wastes at the laboratory scale. Based on the results of chemical analysis, paste pH and acid-base accounting tests, it was identified that mine wastes need to be mixed with at least 30% fly ash by weight in order to prevent AMD production. The leach tests prepared according to the determined optimum mixing ratio showed that as the pH value of leachate increased, the electrical conductivity, metal (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) and sulfate concentrations decreased. At the end of 24 h, the metal concentrations of the leachate fell below the permissible limits in the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and there was no increase in metal concentrations of the leachate during 720 h. At the end of 720 h, reductions of 72-97% were identified for the metal concentrations in leachate. In this research, it was determined that the environmental effects of AMD could be minimized by using fly ash.

Keywords

Acid mine drainage, Çan Coal Basin, environmental effect, metal leaching, mine waste, fly ash

Project Number

FBA-2018-2649

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