Polatlı Bölgesı̇nde Yüzeylenen Paleojen Yaşlı Volkanı̇k Kayaçlarda Gözlenen Analsı̇mlerin Kökeni (Orta Anadolu, Ankara, Türkı̇ye) / Origin of Analcimes Observed in Paleogene Volcanic Rocks Outcropping in Polatli (Central Anatolia, Ankara, Turkey)

Year 2025, Volume: 68 Issue: 1, 1 - 21

Güllü Deniz Külahcı , Elif Varol Muratçay , Abidin Temel

Abstract

Polatlı bölgesindeki Paleojen (Eosen?) yaşlı olan, dom ve dayklar şeklinde yüzeylenen volkanik kayaçlar üzerinde yapılan mineralojik (mikroskopi, mikroprop, SEM, XRD, DTA-TG) ve jeokimyasal incelemeler, bu kayaçlarda bulunan analsim minerallerinin oluşum mekanizmasını ortaya koymuştur. İncelenen bazik karakterdeki bu kayaçlar içerisinde bulunan analsim mineralleri klinopiroksen ve feldispatlarla birlikte gözlenmiştir. Mineralojik incelemelerde analsim dışında sulu minerallerin eksikliği ve XRD, DTA-TG, mikroprop analizleri ve optik mikroskop gözlemleriyle ortaya konulan kalıntı lösit varlığı, analsimlerin lösitlerden iyon değişimi yoluyla oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Analsimlerin SEM görüntülerindeki pürüzlü, düzensiz, çatlaklı ve mikro gözenekli yüzeylere sahip olması da bu dönüşümün bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, jeokimyasal analizler, bölgedeki volkanik kayaçların ilk oluşumları anında ultrapotasik karakterde olduğunu, silikaca doygun olmayan yüksek K2O içeriklerinin lösit minerallerini oluşturmak için elverişli olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu bulgular, Polatlı bölgesindeki volkanik kayaçların, Neotetisin kuzey kolunun kapanmasını takip eden çarpışma ve sonrası dönemindeki kıtasal riftleşme ve gerilme rejimi ile ilişkili volkanik aktiviteler sonucunda oluştuğunu işaret etmektedir. Gerçekleşen bu dalma-batma sürecinde mantoya eklenen yüksek K içeriğine sahip kıtasal bileşenlerin kısmi ergimesi ile K’ca zenginleşen ve homojen olmayan manto kaynağından, ilk aşamada ultrapotasik özellik taşıyan ve sınırlı alanda yüzeylenen Polatlı volkanik kayaçları oluşmuştur. Bu çalışma ile ise, bahsi geçen volkanik kayaçlarda gözlenen analsim minerallerinin, magmatik süreçlerin erken evrelerinde birincil olarak kristalleşen lösitlerden, postmagmatik süreçlerle iyon değişimi yoluyla oluştuğu ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Polatlı, lösit, iyon değişimi, Analsim, ultrapotasik, volkanizma

Origin of Analcimes Observed in Paleogene Volcanic Rocks Outcropping in Polatli (Central Anatolia, Ankara, Turkey)

Abstract

Mineralogical (microscopy, microprobe, SEM, XRD, DTA-TG) and geochemical studies of Paleogene (Eocene?) volcanic rocks in the Polatlı region, exposed as domes and dykes, revealed the formation mechanism of analcime minerals within these rocks. The analcimes in these basic rocks were observed with clinopyroxenes and feldspars. The lack of aqueous minerals, aside from analcime, and the detection of residual leucite though XRD, DTA-TG, microprobe analyses, and microscopy, suggest that analcime formed through an ion-exchange process from leucite during post-magmatic evolution. SEM images further support this hypothesis, revealing rough, irregular, cracked, and microporous surfaces of analcime, which are characteristic of this ion-exchange transformation. Additionally, geochemical analyses show that the volcanic rocks were ultrapotassic at the time of their formation, with high K2O content not saturated with silica; thus, providing conditions conducive to leucite crystallization. These results suggest that volcanic activity related to continental rifting and tectonic stress during the collision and post-collisional period after the closure of the northern branch of Neotethys produced the volcanic rocks in the Polatlı region. The ultrapotassic characteristics of the Polatlı volcanic rocks, which are confined to a relatively limited area, suggest that they formed from a heterogeneous potassium-enriched mantle source. This source underwent partial melting, incorporating high-K continental components added to the mantle during subduction; thus, enabling the formation of leucite and subsequently analcime in the later stages of magmatic evolution. In this study, the analcime observed in these volcanic rocks subsequently formed from leucite through ion exchange during post-magmatic processes.

Keywords

Polatlı, leucite, Analcime, ion exchange, volcanism, ultrapotassic

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