19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında tarih derslerinin okul müfredatlarına girmeye başlamasıyla birlikte tarih eğitiminin tarihi gelişim süreci başlamıştır. Böylece tarih, tüm topluma hitap eden bir alan haline gelmiştir. Akabinde ders kitaplarının da hazırlanmasıyla birlikte tarih öğretimi sistemli bir hale getirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Dönemin şartları ve yapısı, tüm eğitim sistemi gibi tarih eğitimini de etkilemiş, dersin içeriği ve ders kitapları buna göre oluşturulmuştur. Tarih eğitiminin tarihi konusunda araştırma yapılırken dönemin ders kitaplarının yanı sıra, hatıralar, mecmua ve gazeteler, arşiv vesikaları temel kaynakları oluşturmaktadır. Bunların yanı sıra eğitim tarihinin kaynakları olan Maarif Salnameleri, tarih eğitiminin tarihi çalışmaları için de önemli bir kaynak niteliğinde olup okul müfredatları içerisinde yer alan tarih dersi hakkında ayrıntılı bilgiler içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, II. Abdülhamid döneminde Maarif Nezareti tarafından hazırlanan Maarif Salnamelerinden hareketle, 20. yüzyılın başlarında (1898-1904) Osmanlı devlet okulları ve müfredatındaki tarih dersinin yerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda salnamelerdeki veriler esas alınarak tarih dersinin, ilköğretimden yükseköğretime kadar hangi okullarda ve ders programlarında yer aldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca derslerin içerikleri hakkında da bilgi verilmiştir.
With the introduction of history classes into the school curriculum in the second half of the 19th century, the historical development process of history education began. Thus, history has become an area that appeals to the whole society. Subsequently, with the preparation of textbooks, history teaching was tried to be systematized. The conditions and structure of the period influenced the history education as well as the entire education system, the content of the course and the textbooks were created accordingly. While researching the history of history education, besides the textbooks of the period, memories, magazines, and newspapers, archive documents are the main sources. In addition to these, the Maarif Salnameleri, which are the sources of educational history, is also an important source for the historical studies of history education and contains detailed information about the history course in the school curriculum. This study, it is aimed to reveal the place of a history lesson in Ottoman public schools and curriculum at the beginning of the 20th century (1898-1904), starting from the Maarif Salnameleri prepared by Maarif Nezareti during the reign of Abdulhamid II. In this context, based on the data in the salname, it has been tried to be determined in which schools and curriculum the history course is from primary to higher education. In addition, information was given about the content of the lessons.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | October 25, 2020 |
Submission Date | April 12, 2020 |
Acceptance Date | September 14, 2020 |
Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 |
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