Çok uluslu Osmanlı Devleti’nde farklı etnik topluluklar kurdukları eğitim kurumlarında kendi dil, gelenek ve dinsel inanışlarına göre eğitim vermişlerdir. Bu bağlamda Osmanlı Devleti’nin kurucu unsuru olan Müslüman Türkler de kendine özgü eğitim kurumları kurmuşlardır. Müslüman Türkler geleneksel olarak medrese ve sıbyan mekteplerinde eğitim görmüşlerdir. Bu eğitim kurumları eğitim anlayışı ve sistemi bakımından ezbere dayalı ve kısmen Şeyhülislamlığa bağlı olmuşlardır. 19.yyda dağılan devleti kurtarmak için yenilikler yapılmıştır. Eğitim alanında da yenilikler yapılmış olup 1838’de geleneksel eğitim kurumları dışında rüştiyeler açılmıştır. Yeni açılan rüştiyeler geleneksel eğitim sistemi ve anlayışı dışında tutulmaya çalışmıştır. Bu nedenle rüştiyelerde uygulanan farklı ders müfredatı ve uygulamasına usûl-ı cedit denilmiştir. Usûl-ı cediti uygulayacak donanımda öğretmen yani muallim yetiştirmek için 1848’de Darülmuallimin (Öğretmen Okulu) açılmıştır. Ancak öteden beri sıbyan mekteplerinin bilinen yetersizliği rüştiyelere gelen öğrencilerin yetersizliğinde bir kez daha görülmüştür. Sıbyan düzeyinde yenilikler ertelenemez hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle ilköğretim seviyesinde açılan ibtidai mekteplerde usûl-ı cedit yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ardından ibtidai mekteplere muallim yetiştirmek için 1868’de Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan (İlk Öğretmen Okulu) açılmıştır. İstanbul’da açılan ibtidai mektepler ve Darülmuallimin-i sıbyanlar taşrada yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda Adana’da 1880’de rüştiye ve ibtidai mektebi, 1892’de Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan mektebi açılmıştır. Adana Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan mektebinde yeni anlayışta öğretmen yetiştirilirken diğer yandan mevcut öğretmenler ve köy imamları hizmet içi eğitim denebilecek şekilde eğitimden geçirilmiştir. Ancak Adana Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan mektebi pek rağbet görmemiş, fazla öğrencisi olmamıştır. Bu çalışma öncelikle bir tarih çalışması olup Adana’da Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan’ın kuruluşu ve neden fazla öğrencisi olmadığı, ortaya çıkan sorunlar arşiv belgelerine dayalı olarak incelenmiştir. 1892-1908 yılları arasında Adana Darülmuallimin-i sıbyan mektebinin kuruluşu ve gelişmesi tarihsel bir bakışla sebep-sonuç ilişkisi içinde açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri, maarif salnameleri ve Adana vilayet salnamelerinden yararlanılmıştır. Ayrıca telif eserler kullanılmıştır.
In the multinational Ottoman Empire, different ethnic communities gave education according to their own language, tradition and religious beliefs in the educational institutions they established. In this context, Muslim Turks, who were the founding elements of the Ottoman Empire, also established their own educational institutions. Traditionally, Muslim Turks were educated in madrasahs and sıbyan schools (primary schools). These educational institutions were based on rote learning and partially dependent on Shaykh al-Islam in terms of their educational understanding and system. In the 19th century, innovations were made to save the disintegrating state. Innovations were also made in the field of education, and Ottoman junior high schools were opened in 1838, apart from traditional education institutions. The newly opened high school were tried to be kept out of the traditional education system and understanding. For this reason, the different course curriculum and application applied in high school is called the New Method. Darülmuallimin (Teacher's School) was opened in 1848 in order to train teachers equipped to implement the New Method. However, the known inadequacy of primary schools was seen once again in the inadequacy of students who came to secondary schools. Innovations at the Sıbyan level have become irrecusable. For this reason, usul-i cedit was tried to be spread in the ibtidai schools opened at the primary education level. Then, Darulmuallimin-i Sıbyan (The School of Primary Teachers’ Training) was opened in 1868 to train teachers for primary schools. Primary schools and Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyans opened in Istanbul were tried to be popularized in the provinces. In this context, a secondary school and a primary school were opened in Adana in 1880 and Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan School in 1892. While teachers were trained in a new way in Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan school, existing teachers and village imams were trained in a way that can be called in-service training. However, Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan was not very popular and did not have many students. This study is primarily a historical one, and the establishment of Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan in Adana and why it did not have many students and the problems that arose were examined based on archival documents. The establishment and development of Adana Darülmuallimin-i Sıbyan School between the years 1892-1908 has been tried to be explained in a cause-effect relationship with a historical perspective. In the study, Ottoman archive documents, educational yearbooks and Adana province yearbooks were used. In addition, copyrighted works were also used.
Primary Language | English |
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Subjects | Other Fields of Education |
Journal Section | Research & Theoretical Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | May 24, 2022 |
Submission Date | October 29, 2021 |
Acceptance Date | January 19, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: 1 |
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