SENDING ARTICLES TO THE JOURNAL

1. Articles sent to the journal should include file folders given the names of “Cover Page”, “Text” and if applicable, “Figures”. The “Cover Page” and the “Text” should be in the form of .doc or .docx files, whereas, the “Figures” should be in the form of .jpeg or .jpg
The “Cover Page” should be a single page and on this page, only the titles, authors and addresses should be given.
In the “Text” section, no information whatsoever should be given about the “names of the authors”, “addresses” or information that would provide for the author/s being known by the referees. The text section should be composed of sections, such as title, abstract, key words, introduction, material and method, results and discussion, and if applicable, acknowledgments and references.
In case there is more than one “Figure”, then they should be named as “Figure 1”, “Figure 2” and “Figure ...” in accordance with the naming within each file folder text.

2. Authors who will be sending an article for the first time to the journal must first register from the “Registration” tab and form a “username” and “password”.

3. Subsequently, by entering the “Member Entry” tab located on the journal page, the sending of the article can be made. All the processes related to the article sent can be followed through the “Member Entry” tab.

4. The figures and tables should be placed in the related places in the text. Furthermore, the figures should be uploaded as .jpeg or .jpg

5. The “Transfer of Copyright Form” filled and signed by all authors should be scanned as a .jpeg, .jpg or .pdf file and uploaded to the system together with the article. The procedure process of articles that do not have the “Transfer of Copyright Form” are halted and they are not published.

6. The final form of the composed articles accepted for publication are sent to the responsible corresponding author as a “proof”. It can be requested that the responsible corresponding author corrects on the proof the mistakes, punctuation errors or simple typographical errors stemming from the composition. The addition or removal of basic changes, such as “data”, “interpretation”, “author”, etc. cannot be made in the article that has reached the proof stage. However, the contact information of the existing authors can be changed when needed.

7. In situations where the “Decision of an Ethics Committee” is required, the related decision and correspondence, should be uploaded to the journal system when first sent to the journal.

8. The entire scientific responsibility of the articles belongs to the authors.


WRITING TYPES THAT WOULD BE PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL

RESEARCH ARTICLE
Manuscripts that include original findings, that present a solution to a problem and that discuss similar studies are accepted as “research article”.

RESEARCH NOTE
The first observations related to an unknown subject, preliminary findings for an original research, small data related to a main subject, which is focused upon, and ideas aimed at the solution of a problem are accepted as “research note”.

REVIEW ARTICLE
Writings that present together all that is known related to a subject, that list the latest situation of a group, that present scientific cross-sections from the life of a researcher and that give information systematically about the stages of a comprehensive study are accepted as “review article”.

WRITING RULES

LANGUAGE
The language of the journal is Turkish and English.

English Translation
The fact that your article is written in excellent, high quality English is an important factor, which assists in its being read more and in its being cited. Consequently, we recommend that you receive English translation services’ assistance from an expert whose native language is English, who knows Turkish and who is familiar with scientific writing.

PAGE STRUCTURE
The dimensions of the paper should be A4. The margins should be 2.5 cm at the top, bottom and both sides. The spaces between lines should be 1.15 and the font should be selected as “Times New Roman”. The title should be 14 points and the other sections should be 12 points. Automatic spacing before and after paragraphs should not be selected. One line of spacing should be left between sections of the article. Except for the first paragraph in each section, the beginning of all other paragraphs should be indented 1.0 cm.

English title
The English title should be given in the “Cover Page” and the “Text” file folders. In the title, the first letter of all words except conjunctions should be written in capital. It should be written at the left margin and in bold writing. The authors of the taxa names mentioned should not be given in the title and the genera and sub-genera taxa names should be written in italics. A footnote related to the title should not be given. Authors The authors names should be given only on the “Cover Page”. The names and surnames should be written completely, without titles and only the first letter of each name should be in capital letters. It should be on the left margin and in bold writing. If there is more than one author, then a comma should be used between authors and a number should be written by using superscript at the end of each surname for indicating the addresses. A footnote should not be given related to the authors. The first letter of words, proper names (nouns), genera, and taxa above genera should be in capital letters in the title. It should be written at the left margin and in bold writing. The authors of the taxa names mentioned should not be given in the title and the genera and sub-genera taxa names should be written in italics. A footnote related to the title should not be given.

Authors
The authors names should be given only on the “Cover Page”. The names and surnames should be written completely, without titles and only the first letter of each name should be in capital letters. It should be on the left margin and in bold writing. If there is more than one author, then a comma should be used between authors and a number should be written by using superscript at the end of each surname for indicating the addresses. A footnote should not be given related to the authors.

Author addresses
Addresses of the authors should only be given in the “Cover Page” file folder. When writing the addresses, the address should go directly from small to large units, and finally, the “postal code, province/state and country” should be written. For articles with a single author, the e-mail address for the author should be given in the form of “e-mail: ...@...” immediately below without leaving a space. All the address information should be on the left and in italic writing. If there is more than one author, then a number should be written, which shows to which author it belongs by using a superscript in front of the first letter of the addresses. Furthermore, the “ORCID” number of the authors should be given below the addresses.

Author for correspondence
The name of the author for correspondence should only be given in the “Cover Page” file folder. The author for correspondence is the person who is responsible on behalf of all the authors in the correspondence with the journal and in the transfer of copyright. The author for correspondence for articles with more than one author should be given immediately after the addresses without leaving a space in the form of: “Author for correspondence: Name Surname, E-mail: ...@...”.

Abstract
The abstract in English should be given in the “Text” file folder. It should be in all the articles that are written in Turkish or English. There should be a minimum of 75 and a maximum of 200 words. The abstract should be made extensive enough to include the aim, material, method, findings and conclusions, however, details, interpretations or justifications should not be written. No reference to any literature should be made. The names of the authors of taxa mentioned in the abstract should not be given. The names of genera and sub-genera taxa should be written in italic. It should be written with full left-right justification.

Keywords
The keywords in English should be given in the “Text” file folder. A minimum of 3 and a maximum of 6 keywords should be written, which would facilitate access to the article. The keywords should be listed alphabetically with a comma between them. The first letter of the first word and proper names (nouns) should be in capital letters. It should be written at the left margin.

Turkish title
The Turkish title should be given on the “Cover Page” and in the “Text” file folder. It should be in a similar form as the English title.

Abstract in Turkish (Özet)
The Abstract in Turkish (Özet) should be given in the “Text” file folder. It should be in all the articles that are written in Turkish or English. There should be a minimum of 75 and a maximum of 200 words. The abstract should be made extensive enough to include the aim, material, method, findings and conclusions, however, details, interpretations or justifications should not be written. No reference to any literature should be made. The names of the authors of taxa mentioned in the abstract should not be given. The names of genera and sub-genera taxa should be written in italic. It should be written with full left-right justification.

Keywords in Turkish (Anahtar kelimeler)
The keywords in Turkish should be given in the “Text” file folder. They should be in similar forms as the English keywords.

TEXT
All sections produced for the text should be given in the “Text” file folder. The text section of the article should include main headings, such as introduction, material and method, results and discussion and if applicable, acknowledgments and references. These headings should be on a single line, all with capital letters and with bold writing. The paragraphs should start immediately under the heading and should be full left-right justification. Except for thwe first paragraph, all paragraphs below the heading should be indented 1 cm. When it is necessary, these sections can be separated with suitable sub-headings, excluding the introduction. When it is done like this, the sub-heading should be written boldly-italic and only the first letters of the words should be capitalized. The authors of the taxa names should only be given in place where they are mentioned for the first time. All the names of the genera and sub-genera taxa should be in italic writing.

INTRODUCTION
Short information should be given in the introduction about the process reached from the past to the present related to the subject of the article. It should mention briefly, according to the degree of importance, what has been done up until the present-day. Emphasis should be placed on the parts that have remained deficient in the field. It should be stated which sections would complete this article. The information transferred should be supported by making references to the extent possible. In this section, information related to material, method and results should not be given. It should not be separated into sub-headings. Subjects that are thought to be independent should be transferred to different paragraphs.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
In the material and method section, it should be stated clearly from which materials the data, which were the subject of the article, were obtained, where these materials were observed and preserved. The equipment and supplies used for obtaining the data and the methods used in the data evaluation should be given in a clear manner.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The original findings obtained as a result of the examination and evaluation of the data in the results and discussion section should be given in a clear manner. These findings should be compared with similar studies made previously. The comparisons made should be based on original publications and references must be made to these publications.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
In the acknowledgments section, acknowledgments should be made, if applicable, to the institution that supported the project (by writing the project code), to the unit and authority preserving the specimens and to persons or organizations who assisted or enabled the study.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION STATEMENT

The "Türler ve Habitatlar" requires that all authors take public responsibility for the content of the work submitted for review. The contributions of all authors must be described in the following manner:

The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: study conception and design: A.A. Author and B.B. Author; data collection: A.A. Author; analysis and interpretation of results: B.B. Author, A.A. Author and C.C. Author; draft manuscript preparation: B.B. Author and C.C. Author. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript. 

REFERENCES
References cannot be made in the “Abstract in Turkish”, “Abstract in English” and “Acknowledgments” sections. References cannot be made to resources containing information that has not passed through a scientific referee or control of an editor, such as project reports, company reports, textbooks, meeting minutes, workshop or seminar notes and websites, which provide services for hobbies or commercial purposes.

When making a reference to references within the text:

- if the work has one author: ... Atıcı (2018), ... (Atıcı, 2018).

- if the work has two authors: ... Koç & Hamzaoğlu (2018), ... (Koç & Hamzaoğlu, 2018).

- if the work has three or more authors: ... Allı et al. (2019), ... (Allı et al., 2019).

- if reference is made to the works of more than one author/s: ... Keçeli (2007; 2011).

- if reference is made to more than one work by the same author/s published in the same year: … Allı (2019a; 2019b; 2019c), ... (Allı 2019a; 2019b; 2019c), .... Keçeli et al. (2019a; 2019b; 2019c), ... (Keçeli et al. 2019a; 2019b; 2019c).

- if reference is made to more than one work, then it should be given according to the date order of the works: ... (Keçeli, 2015; Atıcı, 2018; Allı et al., 2019; Hamzaoğlu & Koç, 2020).

- if reference is made to authors having the same surname: ... (Yılmaz M, 2013), ... (Yılmaz F, 2015), ... (Yılmaz M & Yılmaz F, 2015).

- if reference is made to an institution: the short name of the institution, if applicable, and the year of the work, otherwise, the full name and year should be written.

- if reference is made to an Internet website: the short name of the Internet website, if applicable, and year of access, otherwise, the full name and year of access should be written.

- if reference is made to a work published at an Internet website: names of the authors and year of the work, if applicable, otherwise, the short or full name of the website and the year of the work should be written.

References should be written alphabetically at the end of the text. References can be made to unpublished master’s theses if they conform to scientific ethics. When writing the resources, the names of all the authors should be given. When writing the names of journals, the international abbreviations should be used, if available, otherwise, they should be given fully. Journal and book names should be in italic writing. In the “add” tab between the page numbers, the “– “sign should be placed, which is in “symbols”.

When writing the reference identifications in the “References” section:

- if the reference was published in a journal: the names of the authors, year of publication, title of article, name of journal (italic, short name if available), journal volume, starting and ending pages and the DOI number, if available, should be written. Except for the first letter of the first word and the first letter of proper names (nouns) in the article title, all words should be written in small letters.

Hamzaoğlu, E., Koç, M. & Büyük, İ. (2017). Dianthus ucarii (Caryophyllaceae): a new species from the northwest of Turkey. Turk J Bot 41: 486–492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1612-41.

- if the reference is a book: the names of the authors, year of publication, title of the book (italic), volume number, if available, publisher, place of printing and pages made use of should be written. The first letter of all words, excluding conjunctions, in the book’s name should be written in capital letters.

Boissier, E. (1867). Flora Orientalis. Vol. 1. Apud H. Georg, Genevae and Basileae, pp. 479–516.

- if the reference is a section in a book: the names of the authors, year of publication, name of the section (in square parentheses), "In:" acronym, names of the book editors, name of the book (italic), volume number, if available, publisher, place of printing and pages made use of should be written. Excluding the first letter of the first word in the section name and the first letter of proper names (nouns), all words should be written with small letters. The first letter of all words in the book name, excluding conjunctions, should be written with capital letters.

Reeve, H. (1967). [Dianthus L.] In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 99–131.

- if the reference is a master’s thesis: the name of the author, the year of acceptance of the thesis, the name of the thesis, the name of the university, the name of the institute, and place should be written. The first letter of the first word in the thesis name, excluding conjunctions, should be written in capital letters.

Hamzaoğlu, E. (1996). Kervansaray Dağı Vejetasyonu Üzerine Fitoekolojik ve Fitososyolojik bir Araştırma (PhD Thesis). Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

- if the reference is a paper: the names of the authors, the year of publication, the title of paper, the name of scientific meeting (italic), place, country and pages made use of should be written. All words in all words, excluding the first letter of the first word and the first letter of proper names (nouns) in the paper title should be written in small letters. In the scientific meeting name, the first letter of all words and numerals should be written in capital letters, excluding conjunctions.

Hamzaoğlu E., Koç, M. & Çetin, T. (2017). Karanlıkdere Vadisi (Yozgat) nadir bitkilerinin botanik turizmi potansiyeli. II. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Kongresi (USOBAK-2017), Bakü, Azerbaycan, pp. 29–30.

- if the reference is an Internet website: the short name of the website, if applicable, and the year of access, otherwise, the full name and year of access, the full name of the website, the sub-headings within the website, if applicable, the access address and the date of access (in square parentheses) should be written.

TPL (2020). The Plant List (TPL). Dianthus. http://www.theplantlist.org/. [20.01.2020].

- if the reference is a work published at the Internet website: the names of the authors, if available, the year of publication, if available, the name of the resource (italic), the name of website, the interface within the website, if available, the access address and the date of access (in square parentheses) should be written.

Akçakaya, R. (2016). Kırmızı Liste Sınıfları ve Ölçütleri (ver. 3.1). IUCN, IUCN Library System, https://portals.iucn.org/library/files/documents/RL-2001 -001-2nd-Tr.pdf. [20.01.2020].

- if the reference is a work published in an electronic journal: the names of the authors, the year of publication, the title of article, the name of journal (italic, otherwise short name), volume of journal, if available, the starting and ending pages, if available, or the article number, the DOI number, if available, and the access address should be written. All words should be written with small letters excluding the first letter of the first word and the first letter of proper words (nouns) in the title of the article.

Chen, S.H., Su, S.Y., Lo, C.Z., Chen, K.H., Huang, T.J., Kuo, B.H. & Lin, C.Y. (2009). PALM: A paralleled and integrated framework for phylogenetic inference with automatic likelihood model selectors. PLoS One 4: e8116. DOI:10.1371/ journal.pone.0008116. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785425/.

- if the reference is software: the name of the software producer or name of the company, the year of circulation of software, the name of the software, the circulation number, if available, the name of company, the place of company and the Internet website should be written.

IBM Corp. Released (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows. Ver. 25.0. IBM Corp., New York. https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/downloading-ibm-spss-statistics-25.

TABLES AND FIGURES
Reference should be made previously to tables and figures and a number should be given that is suitable to the order of references (such as Table 1, Figure 5, Tables 1 and 3, Figures 2 and 5). If references will be made two more thn two tables or figures numbered in sequence, then the “–” sign (code: 2013) should be placed between the first and last number (such as Tables 1–3, Figures 2–4). References can be made in a suitable manner within a sentence or can be made at the end of a sentence in parentheses. The table title writing should be above the table and the figure sub-writing should be below the figure. All “abbreviations” and “signs” found in the table and the figure and in the table title and figure sub-writing should be explained in a suitable manner.

The table dimensions should not surpass the area of writing. Tables that exceed the width and length of the area of writing should be separated into pieces and information, such as “Table 1 continued” should be written at the top of each page. All tables should be placed in suitable places within the text.

All technological or hand product images presented in the text are accepted as “figures”. The figures should be in a .jpeg or .jpg form and should have a resolution of a minimum of 600 dpi. The image given as a figure, if it is something that could be used for a width-length comparison, then definitely the “scale” must be given. If the figure contains different sections or sub-figures, then each these sections or sub-figures should be indicated by using a number or letter. Furthermore, the figure numbers, by making “file folder numbers” should be uploaded to the system separately (such as Figure 1.jpeg, Figure 4.jpg).