Sağlık
sorunlarında artış, gıda ürünlerinin içeriğine olan güvenin azalması,
tüketicilerin sağlıklı yaşama, bakımlı görünme gibi isteklerinin artışı,
fonksiyonel ürünlere karşı ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Bu ürünlerin pazar payı gün
geçtikçe artarak pazarlama açısından da incelenmesi gereken bir alan haline
gelmektedir. Yeni bir ürün grubu olan fonksiyonel ürünler ile “yeni ürünü diğer
tüketicilerden önce satın alma ya da daha çok kullanma eğilimi” olarak ifade
edilen tüketici yenilikçiliği arasında bir ilişki olabileceği görüşünden yola
çıkan bu çalışmada söz konusu ilişki irdelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda birçok
çalışmada ortaya konan yaş ile yenilikçilik arasındaki ilişkiden yola çıkılarak
üniversite öğrencileri anakütle olarak belirlenmiştir. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi
kullanılarak 319 anket elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler aracılığıyla
tüketicilerin lezzet, güven ve bilgi tutumları ile yenilikçilikleri arasında
bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Aynı zamanda tüketicilerin fonksiyonel
gıdalara yönelik tutumlarının gelir, bilgi sahibi olma ve daha önce fonksiyonel
gıda kullanma durumuna göre farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir. Çalışma,
fonksiyonel gıda ürünleri üreten işletmelere ve bu alanda çalışan
araştırmacılara yol gösterici olması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Akdoğan, M. Ş. ve Karaaslan, M. H. (2013). Tüketici Yenilikçiliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 1 – 20.
Alex, K. (2009). Soft Skills: Know Yourself and Know the World, https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=goorDAAAQBAJveprintsec=frontcovervehl=tr#v=onepageveqvef=false, erişim tarihi: 21.02.2018.
Bai, J. ve Ng, S. (2005). Tests for Skewness, Kurtosis and Normality for Time Series Data. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 23(1), 49 – 60.
Batory, S. S., Neese, W. ve Batory, A.H. (2005). Ethical Marketing Practices: An Investigation of Antecedents, Innovativeness and Business Performance. Journal of American Academy of Business, 6 (2), 135 – 142.
Carmines, E. ve Zeller, R. (1979). Reliability and Validity Assesment. Sage Publications, California.
Chen, M. F. (2011). The Joint Moderating Effect of Health Consciousness and Healthy Lifestyle on Consumers’ Willingness to Use Functional Foods in Taiwan. Appetite, 57(1), 253 – 262.
Childs, N., M. (2001). Marketing Issues for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, In Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, ed. Robert E. C. Wildman, Florida: CRC Press, 517-528.
De Jong, N., Ocke, M. C., Branderhorst, H. A. C. ve Friele, R. (2003). Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics of Functional Food Consumers and Dietary Supplement Users. British Jo-urnal of Nutrition, 89 (2), 273 – 281.
Doğan, S., Yıldız, O., Eyduran, E. ve Kose, S. (2011). A Study on Determination of Functional Food Consumption Habits and Awareness of Consumers in Turkey. Bulgarian Journal of Agri-cultural Science, 17 (2), 246 – 257.
Dölekoğlu, C., Şahin, A. ve Giray, F. (2015). Kadınlarda Fonksiyonel Gıda Tüketimini Etkileyen Fak-törler: Akdeniz İlleri Örneği. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21 (4), 572 – 584.
Ergen, A., Bozkurt, F.ve İnci,B. (2016). The Impact of Attitude, Consumer Innovativeness and In-terpersonal Influence on Functional Food Consumption. International Business Research, 9(4), 79 – 87.
Frewer, L., Scholderer, J. ve Lambert, N. (2003). Consumer Acceptance of Functional Foods: Issues for The Future. British Food Journal, 105(10), 714 – 731.
Goldsmith, R. E. ve Newell, S. J. (1997). Innovativeness and Price Sensitivity: Managerial, Theore-tical and Methodological Issues. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 6 (3), 163 – 174.
Goldsmith, R. E. (2001). Using the Domain Specific Innovativeness Scale to Identify Innovative In-ternet Consumers. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 11 (2), 149 – 158.
Gosh, D. (2011). Australia and New Zealand Regulations on Nutrition, Health and Related Claims Made on Foods, In Functional Foods Concept to Product, ed. Maria Saarela, Second Edi-tion, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 64 – 71.
Gök, S. ve Gezginç, Y. (2016) Adana İli Örneği ile Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Yönelik Far-kındalığı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47 (2), 101 – 106.
Grand View Resarch (2016). Functional Foods Market Size, Growth and Trends, Industry Report, 2024 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/functional-food-market erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018
Gray, J., Armstrong, G. ve Farley, H. (2003). Opportunities and Constraints in the Functional Food Market. Nutrition and Food Science, 33 (5), 213 – 218.
Hacıoğlu,G. ve Kurt, G. (2012). Consumers’ Awareness, Acceptance and Attitudes towards Functi-onal Foods: A Research in Izmır City. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(1), 161 – 171.
Heiberger, R. M. ve Neuwirth, E. (2009). R Through Excel: A Spreadsheet Interface for Statistics, Data Analysis and Graphics. New York: Springer.
Herath, D., Cranfield, J. ve Henson, S. (2008).Who Consumes Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Canada? Results of Cluster Analysis of the 2006 Survey of Canadians’ Demand for Food Products Supporting Health and Wellness. Appetite, 51(2), 256 – 265.
Hirschman, E. C., (1980). Innovativeness, Novelty Seeking and Consumer Creativity. Journal Of Consumer Research, 7 (3). 283 – 295.
Im, S., Mason, C. H. ve Houston, M.B. (2007). Does Innate Consumer Innovativeness Relate to New Product/Service Adoption Behavior? The İntervening Role of Social Learning via Vicarious Innovativeness. Journal of the Academic Marketing Science, 35 (1), 63 – 75.
Im, S., Bayus, L. B. ve Mason, C. H. (2003). An Empirical Study of Innate Consumer Innovativeness, Personal Characteristics, and New-Product Adoption Behavior. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 31(1), 61 – 73.
İşleten, M., Yüceer, Y. K., Yılmaz, E. ve Mendeş, M. (2007). Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Olan Yaklaşımını ve Satın Almalarını Etkileyen Faktörler (İngilizce). Gıda Dergisi, 32(1), 25 – 32.
Karabulut, M. (1981). Tüketici Davranışları, Yeniliklerin Kabulü ve Yayılışı, İstanbul: Minnetoğlu Yayınları.
Kotler P. ve Armstrong G. (2012). Principles of Marketing, 14th Edition Pearson.
Kozinets, R. V., Hemetsberger, A. ve Schau, H. J. (2008). The Wisdom of Consumer Crowds: Col-lective Innovation in the Age of Networked Marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 28(4), 339 – 354 .
Köktaş, T. (2012). Türkiye'de Fonksiyonel Gıdaların Tüketim Araştırmaları, Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Yasal Düzenlemeler. http://www.gidadernegi.org/TR/Genel/dg.ashx?DIL=1veBELGEANAH=5740veDOSYAISIM=KOK+TAS.pdf, erişim tarihi: 20.02.2018.
Krystallis, A., Maglaras, G. ve Mamalis, S. (2008). Motivations and Cognitive Structures of Consu-mers in Their Purchasing of Functional Foods. Food Quality and Preference, 19(6), 525 – 538.
Landström, E. (2008). To Choose or not to Choose Functional Foods, that is the Question (A. U. UPSALIENSIS, Dü.), Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala.
Mahajan, V., Muller, E. ve Bass, F. M. (1991). New Product Diffusion Models in Marketing: A Review and Directions for Research. In Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior (pp. 125-177). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Menrad, K. (2003). Market and Marketing of Functional Food in Europe. Journal of Food Enginee-ring, 56(2), 181 – 188.
Midgley D. F. ve Dowling R. D. (1978). Innovativeness: The Concept and Its Measurement. The Jo-urnal of Consumer Research, 4 (4), 229 – 242.
Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69 – 71.
Odabaşı, Y. ve Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici Davranışları. İstanbul: Mediacat Yayınları.
Özkan Özdemir, P., Fettahlıoğlu, S. ve Topoyan, M. (2009). Fonksiyonel Gıda Ürünlerine Yönelik Tüketici Tutumlarını Belirleme Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(4), 1079 - 1099.
Parry, M. E., Kawakami, T. ve Kishiya, K. (2012). The Effect of Personal and Virtual Word‐of‐Mouth on Technology Acceptance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(6), 952-966.
Raju, P.S. (1980). Optimum Stimulation Level: Its Relationship to Personality, Demographics and Exploratory Behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 7 (3), 272 – 282.
Roberfroid, M. (2002). Global View on Functional Foods: European Perspectives. British Journal of Nutrition, 88(2), 133 – 138.
Rodgers, R. ve Johnson, N. (1995). Factor Analysis of Spatiotemporal and Ethological Measures in the Murine Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 52(2), 297 – 303.
Roehrich, G. (2004). Consumer innovativeness: Concepts and measurements. Journal of Business Research, 57 (6), 671 – 677.
Rogers E. M. ve Shoemaker, F. F. (1971). Communication of Innovations, The FreePress.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovation. 4th Ed. New York. The Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. (1962), Diffusion of Innovations, New York: The Free Press
Sevilmiş, G., Olgun, A. ve Artukoğlu, M. (2017). Fonksiyonel Gıdalarda Tüketici Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir Araştırma: İzmir İli Örneği. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(3), 351 – 360.
Siegrist, M., Stampfli, N. ve Kastenholz, H. (2008). Consumers’ Willingness to Buy Functional Foods: The Influence of Carrier, Benefit and Trust. Appetite, 51 (3), 526 – 529.
Steenkamp, J. B. E., Hofstede, F. T. ve Wedel, M. (1999). A Cross – National Investigation into the Individual and National Cultural Antecedents of Consumer Innovativeness. The Journal of Marketing, 63 (2), 55 – 69.
Tellis, G. J., Yin, E. ve Bell, S. (2009). Global Consumer Innovativeness: Cross – Country Differences and Demographic Commonalities. Journal of International Marketing. 17(2), 1 – 22.
Venkatraman, M. P. (1991). The Impact of Innovativeness and Innovation Type on Adoption. Jo-urnal of Retailing, 67(1), 51 – 67.
Verbeke W. (2005 ). Consumer Acceptance of Functional Foods: Socio-Demographic, Cognitive and Attitudinal Determinants. Food Quality and Preference, 16(1), 45 – 57.
Weinberg, S. L. ve Abramowitz, S. K. (2008). Statistics Using SPSS: An Integrative Approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
The Statistic Portal (2018). Functional foods market in the U.S. https://www.statista.com/topics/1321/functional-foods-market/ erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018
Year 2018,
17. UIK Special Issue, 265 - 280, 04.07.2018
Akdoğan, M. Ş. ve Karaaslan, M. H. (2013). Tüketici Yenilikçiliği. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 1 – 20.
Alex, K. (2009). Soft Skills: Know Yourself and Know the World, https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=goorDAAAQBAJveprintsec=frontcovervehl=tr#v=onepageveqvef=false, erişim tarihi: 21.02.2018.
Bai, J. ve Ng, S. (2005). Tests for Skewness, Kurtosis and Normality for Time Series Data. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 23(1), 49 – 60.
Batory, S. S., Neese, W. ve Batory, A.H. (2005). Ethical Marketing Practices: An Investigation of Antecedents, Innovativeness and Business Performance. Journal of American Academy of Business, 6 (2), 135 – 142.
Carmines, E. ve Zeller, R. (1979). Reliability and Validity Assesment. Sage Publications, California.
Chen, M. F. (2011). The Joint Moderating Effect of Health Consciousness and Healthy Lifestyle on Consumers’ Willingness to Use Functional Foods in Taiwan. Appetite, 57(1), 253 – 262.
Childs, N., M. (2001). Marketing Issues for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, In Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, ed. Robert E. C. Wildman, Florida: CRC Press, 517-528.
De Jong, N., Ocke, M. C., Branderhorst, H. A. C. ve Friele, R. (2003). Demographic and Lifestyle Characteristics of Functional Food Consumers and Dietary Supplement Users. British Jo-urnal of Nutrition, 89 (2), 273 – 281.
Doğan, S., Yıldız, O., Eyduran, E. ve Kose, S. (2011). A Study on Determination of Functional Food Consumption Habits and Awareness of Consumers in Turkey. Bulgarian Journal of Agri-cultural Science, 17 (2), 246 – 257.
Dölekoğlu, C., Şahin, A. ve Giray, F. (2015). Kadınlarda Fonksiyonel Gıda Tüketimini Etkileyen Fak-törler: Akdeniz İlleri Örneği. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 21 (4), 572 – 584.
Ergen, A., Bozkurt, F.ve İnci,B. (2016). The Impact of Attitude, Consumer Innovativeness and In-terpersonal Influence on Functional Food Consumption. International Business Research, 9(4), 79 – 87.
Frewer, L., Scholderer, J. ve Lambert, N. (2003). Consumer Acceptance of Functional Foods: Issues for The Future. British Food Journal, 105(10), 714 – 731.
Goldsmith, R. E. ve Newell, S. J. (1997). Innovativeness and Price Sensitivity: Managerial, Theore-tical and Methodological Issues. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 6 (3), 163 – 174.
Goldsmith, R. E. (2001). Using the Domain Specific Innovativeness Scale to Identify Innovative In-ternet Consumers. Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 11 (2), 149 – 158.
Gosh, D. (2011). Australia and New Zealand Regulations on Nutrition, Health and Related Claims Made on Foods, In Functional Foods Concept to Product, ed. Maria Saarela, Second Edi-tion, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 64 – 71.
Gök, S. ve Gezginç, Y. (2016) Adana İli Örneği ile Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Yönelik Far-kındalığı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47 (2), 101 – 106.
Grand View Resarch (2016). Functional Foods Market Size, Growth and Trends, Industry Report, 2024 https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/functional-food-market erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018
Gray, J., Armstrong, G. ve Farley, H. (2003). Opportunities and Constraints in the Functional Food Market. Nutrition and Food Science, 33 (5), 213 – 218.
Hacıoğlu,G. ve Kurt, G. (2012). Consumers’ Awareness, Acceptance and Attitudes towards Functi-onal Foods: A Research in Izmır City. Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(1), 161 – 171.
Heiberger, R. M. ve Neuwirth, E. (2009). R Through Excel: A Spreadsheet Interface for Statistics, Data Analysis and Graphics. New York: Springer.
Herath, D., Cranfield, J. ve Henson, S. (2008).Who Consumes Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals in Canada? Results of Cluster Analysis of the 2006 Survey of Canadians’ Demand for Food Products Supporting Health and Wellness. Appetite, 51(2), 256 – 265.
Hirschman, E. C., (1980). Innovativeness, Novelty Seeking and Consumer Creativity. Journal Of Consumer Research, 7 (3). 283 – 295.
Im, S., Mason, C. H. ve Houston, M.B. (2007). Does Innate Consumer Innovativeness Relate to New Product/Service Adoption Behavior? The İntervening Role of Social Learning via Vicarious Innovativeness. Journal of the Academic Marketing Science, 35 (1), 63 – 75.
Im, S., Bayus, L. B. ve Mason, C. H. (2003). An Empirical Study of Innate Consumer Innovativeness, Personal Characteristics, and New-Product Adoption Behavior. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 31(1), 61 – 73.
İşleten, M., Yüceer, Y. K., Yılmaz, E. ve Mendeş, M. (2007). Tüketicilerin Fonksiyonel Gıdalara Olan Yaklaşımını ve Satın Almalarını Etkileyen Faktörler (İngilizce). Gıda Dergisi, 32(1), 25 – 32.
Karabulut, M. (1981). Tüketici Davranışları, Yeniliklerin Kabulü ve Yayılışı, İstanbul: Minnetoğlu Yayınları.
Kotler P. ve Armstrong G. (2012). Principles of Marketing, 14th Edition Pearson.
Kozinets, R. V., Hemetsberger, A. ve Schau, H. J. (2008). The Wisdom of Consumer Crowds: Col-lective Innovation in the Age of Networked Marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 28(4), 339 – 354 .
Köktaş, T. (2012). Türkiye'de Fonksiyonel Gıdaların Tüketim Araştırmaları, Ürün Çeşitliliği ve Yasal Düzenlemeler. http://www.gidadernegi.org/TR/Genel/dg.ashx?DIL=1veBELGEANAH=5740veDOSYAISIM=KOK+TAS.pdf, erişim tarihi: 20.02.2018.
Krystallis, A., Maglaras, G. ve Mamalis, S. (2008). Motivations and Cognitive Structures of Consu-mers in Their Purchasing of Functional Foods. Food Quality and Preference, 19(6), 525 – 538.
Landström, E. (2008). To Choose or not to Choose Functional Foods, that is the Question (A. U. UPSALIENSIS, Dü.), Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Social Sciences, Uppsala.
Mahajan, V., Muller, E. ve Bass, F. M. (1991). New Product Diffusion Models in Marketing: A Review and Directions for Research. In Diffusion of Technologies and Social Behavior (pp. 125-177). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Menrad, K. (2003). Market and Marketing of Functional Food in Europe. Journal of Food Enginee-ring, 56(2), 181 – 188.
Midgley D. F. ve Dowling R. D. (1978). Innovativeness: The Concept and Its Measurement. The Jo-urnal of Consumer Research, 4 (4), 229 – 242.
Mukaka, M. M. (2012). A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69 – 71.
Odabaşı, Y. ve Barış, G. (2002). Tüketici Davranışları. İstanbul: Mediacat Yayınları.
Özkan Özdemir, P., Fettahlıoğlu, S. ve Topoyan, M. (2009). Fonksiyonel Gıda Ürünlerine Yönelik Tüketici Tutumlarını Belirleme Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(4), 1079 - 1099.
Parry, M. E., Kawakami, T. ve Kishiya, K. (2012). The Effect of Personal and Virtual Word‐of‐Mouth on Technology Acceptance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(6), 952-966.
Raju, P.S. (1980). Optimum Stimulation Level: Its Relationship to Personality, Demographics and Exploratory Behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 7 (3), 272 – 282.
Roberfroid, M. (2002). Global View on Functional Foods: European Perspectives. British Journal of Nutrition, 88(2), 133 – 138.
Rodgers, R. ve Johnson, N. (1995). Factor Analysis of Spatiotemporal and Ethological Measures in the Murine Elevated Plus-Maze Test of Anxiety. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 52(2), 297 – 303.
Roehrich, G. (2004). Consumer innovativeness: Concepts and measurements. Journal of Business Research, 57 (6), 671 – 677.
Rogers E. M. ve Shoemaker, F. F. (1971). Communication of Innovations, The FreePress.
Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovation. 4th Ed. New York. The Free Press.
Rogers, E. M. (1962), Diffusion of Innovations, New York: The Free Press
Sevilmiş, G., Olgun, A. ve Artukoğlu, M. (2017). Fonksiyonel Gıdalarda Tüketici Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerine Bir Araştırma: İzmir İli Örneği. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 54(3), 351 – 360.
Siegrist, M., Stampfli, N. ve Kastenholz, H. (2008). Consumers’ Willingness to Buy Functional Foods: The Influence of Carrier, Benefit and Trust. Appetite, 51 (3), 526 – 529.
Steenkamp, J. B. E., Hofstede, F. T. ve Wedel, M. (1999). A Cross – National Investigation into the Individual and National Cultural Antecedents of Consumer Innovativeness. The Journal of Marketing, 63 (2), 55 – 69.
Tellis, G. J., Yin, E. ve Bell, S. (2009). Global Consumer Innovativeness: Cross – Country Differences and Demographic Commonalities. Journal of International Marketing. 17(2), 1 – 22.
Venkatraman, M. P. (1991). The Impact of Innovativeness and Innovation Type on Adoption. Jo-urnal of Retailing, 67(1), 51 – 67.
Verbeke W. (2005 ). Consumer Acceptance of Functional Foods: Socio-Demographic, Cognitive and Attitudinal Determinants. Food Quality and Preference, 16(1), 45 – 57.
Weinberg, S. L. ve Abramowitz, S. K. (2008). Statistics Using SPSS: An Integrative Approach (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
The Statistic Portal (2018). Functional foods market in the U.S. https://www.statista.com/topics/1321/functional-foods-market/ erişim tarihi: 20.04.2018
Karataş Yücel, E., Özkan, P., & Yücel, E. (2018). TÜKETİCİ YENİLİKÇİLİĞİ İLE FONKSİYONEL GIDALARA YÖNELİK TUTUM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi265-280. https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.434408