AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ANTECEDENTS OF CONSUMPTION VALUES: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF SOCIAL CLASS
Year 2020,
Issue: 26, 115 - 134, 13.01.2020
Tülin Ural
,
Betül Balıkçıoğlu
,
Oğuz Oypan
Abstract
Recently,
cultural transformation has resulted in changing consumption values. Lack of
the deeper explanations regarding the antecedents of consumption values is the
motivation of this study. The study aims to explain the effects of global
consumer culture, individualism, collectivism and materialism as antecedents,
on consumption values of consumer. A partial least square
structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-group analysis was applied to test the hypotheses suggested in the structural model. The results
indicate that materialism partially mediates the relationship between global
consumer culture and consumption values and, the relationship between
collectivism and consumption values. Materialism full mediates the relationship
between individualism and consumption values. The results reveal that there are
no differences the direction and power of the structural model paths between
middle-class group and other-class group except for indirect effects.
Supporting Institution
YOK
References
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- Cavusgil, S.T., and Buckley, P. T. (2016). Interdisciplinary perspectives on the middle class phenomenon in emerging markets. International Business Review, 3(25), 621–623.
- Cavusgil, T. (2013). Middle class phenomenon in emerging markets: Multi-disciplinary & multi country perspectives. First Middle Class Phenomenon in Emerging Markets Conference, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
- Cavusgil, T., and Guercini, S. (2014). Trends in middle class as a driver for strategic marketing. Mercati e Competitiva, (3), 7–10.
- Cleveland, M., and Laroche, J. (2007). Acculturation to the global consumer culture: Scale development and research paradigm. Journal of Business Research, 60(3), 249–259.
- Cowley, E. (2002). East-west consumer confidence and accuracy in memory for product information. Journal of Business Research, 55(11), 915-921.
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- Dittmar, H. (1991). Meanings of material possessions as reflections of identity: Gender and social-material position in society. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6(6), 165-186.
- Doran, K.B. (2002). Lessons learned in cross-cultural research of Chinese and North American consumers. Journal of business research, 55, 823-829.
- Easterlin, R. A. (1980). British and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Easterly, W. (2001). The middle class consensus and economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 6(4), 317–355.
- Evrard, Y., and Boff, L. H. (1998). Materialism and attitudes towards marketing. Advances in Consumer Research, 25(1), 196-202.
- Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
- Fournier, S., and Richins, M. L. (1991). Some theoretical and popular notions concerning materialism. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(6), 403-414.
- Goldsmith, R. E., and Clark, R. A. (2012). Materialism, status consumption, and consumer independence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(1), 43-60.
- Guarin, A., and Knorringa, P. (2014). New middle-class consumers in rising powers: Responsible consumption and private standards. Oxford development studies, 42(2), 151-171.
- Gurhan-Canli, Z., and Maheswaran, D. (2000). Cultural variations in country of origin effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(3), 309-317.
- Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, United States Sage Publications.
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- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 10(4), 15-41.
- Hoststede, G. (1991). Culture and organizations: Software of the mind (1st ed.). London: McGraw-Hill.
- Holt, D. B. (1995). How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices. Journal of consumer research, 22(1), 1-16.
- Javalgi, R. R. G., and Grossman, D. A. (2016). Aspirations and entrepreneurial motivations of middle-class consumers in emerging markets: The case of India. International Business Review, 25(3), 657-667.
- Karabati, S., and Cemalcilar, Z. (2010). Values, materialism, and well-being: A study with Turkish university students. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(4), 624-633.
- Kardes, I. (2016). Reaching middle class consumers in emerging markets: Unlocking market potential through urban-based analysis. International Business Review, 25(3), 703–710.
- Kasser, T., and Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422.
- Kharas, H. (2010). The Emerging middle class in developing countries. OECD Development Centre Working Paper. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/dev/44 457738.pdf
- Kharas, H., and Gertz, G. (2010). The new global middle class: a cross-over from west to east. In: China’s emerging middle class: beyond economic transformation. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/03_china_middle_class_khar as.pdf
- Kim, J. O., Forsythe, S., Gu, Q. L., and Moon, S. J. (2002). Cross-cultural consumer values, needs and purchase behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(6), 481-502.
- Leo, C., Bennett, R., and Härtel, C. E. J. (2005). Cross‐cultural differences in consumer decision‐making styles. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12(3), 32-62.
- Murphy K. M., Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. (1989). Income distribution, market size, and industrialization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(3), 537-64.
- Richins, M.L. (1995), Social comparison, advertising, and consumer discontent, American Behavioral Scientist, 38(4), 593-607.
- Richins, M.L., and Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 303-316.
- Richins, M. L. (2004). The material values scale: Measurement properties and development of a short form. Journal of consumer Research, 31(1), 209-219.
- Rokka, J., and Moisander, J. (2009). Environmental dialogue in online communities: Negotiating ecological citizenship among global travelers. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), 199-205.
- Schor, J. (1999). The new politics of consumption. Available from: http://bostonreview.net/archiv es/BR24.3/schor.html
- Schwartz, S. H., and Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(3), 550.
- Schwartz, S. H., and Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 878-891.
- Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., and Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), 159-170.
- Sin, L. Y. M., and Yau, O. H. M. (2001). Female role orientation and consumption values: Some evidence from mainland China, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 13(2), 49-75.
- Strizhakova, Y., and Coulter, R. A. (2013). The ‘green’ side of materialism in emerging BRIC and developed markets: The moderating role of global cultural identity. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), 69–82.
- Ward, K., and Neumann, F. 2012, Consumer in 2050 the Rise of the EM Middle Class, HSBC Global Research. Available from: https://www.hsbc.com.vn/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/ vietnam/abouthsbc/newsroom/attached_files/HSBC_report_Consumer_in_2050_EN.pdf
- Wong, N. Y. (1997). Suppose you own the world and no one knows? Conspicuous consumption, materialism, and self. Advances in Consumer Research, 24(1), 107–203.
- Zorlu, A. (2003). Batılı bir yaşam tarzı olarak tüketim: Türkiye’de tüketim ürünlerinin ve kültürünün tarihi gelişimi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi. Available from: http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/zorlu_makale.pdf
Year 2020,
Issue: 26, 115 - 134, 13.01.2020
Tülin Ural
,
Betül Balıkçıoğlu
,
Oğuz Oypan
References
- Ackerman, D., and Tellis, G. (2001). Can culture affect prices? A cross-cultural study of shopping and retail prices. Journal of Retailing, 77(1), 57-82.
- Alden, D. L., Steenkamp, J. B. E., and Batra, R. (2006). Consumer attitudes toward marketplace globalization: Structure, antecedents and consequences. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 227-239.
- Allen, M. W. (2001). A practical method uncovering the direct and indirect relationships between human values and consumer purchases. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 18(2), 102-120.
- Arnould, E. J., and Thompson, C. J. (2005). Consumer culture theory (CCT): Twenty years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 868–882.
- Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 265–280.
- Burroughs, J. E., and Rindfleisch, A. (2002). Materialism and well-being: A conflicting values perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 348-370.
- Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., and Agarwal, M. R. (2002). Doing Business in Emerging Markets: Entry and Negotiation Strategies (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Cavusgil, S. T., and Kardes, I. (2016). Consumption pattern by middle class in emerging markets. Available from: http://ibknowledge.com/home/compatible-research.
- Cavusgil, S.T., and Buckley, P. T. (2016). Interdisciplinary perspectives on the middle class phenomenon in emerging markets. International Business Review, 3(25), 621–623.
- Cavusgil, T. (2013). Middle class phenomenon in emerging markets: Multi-disciplinary & multi country perspectives. First Middle Class Phenomenon in Emerging Markets Conference, Georgia State University, Atlanta.
- Cavusgil, T., and Guercini, S. (2014). Trends in middle class as a driver for strategic marketing. Mercati e Competitiva, (3), 7–10.
- Cleveland, M., and Laroche, J. (2007). Acculturation to the global consumer culture: Scale development and research paradigm. Journal of Business Research, 60(3), 249–259.
- Cowley, E. (2002). East-west consumer confidence and accuracy in memory for product information. Journal of Business Research, 55(11), 915-921.
- Dittmar, H. and Pepper, L. (1992). Materialistic values, relative wealth and person perception: social psychological belief systems of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Available from: http://www.acrwebsite.org/search/view-conference-proceedings.Aspx? Id=12191.
- Dittmar, H. (1991). Meanings of material possessions as reflections of identity: Gender and social-material position in society. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6(6), 165-186.
- Doran, K.B. (2002). Lessons learned in cross-cultural research of Chinese and North American consumers. Journal of business research, 55, 823-829.
- Easterlin, R. A. (1980). British and Fortune: The Impact of Numbers on Personal Welfare (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Easterly, W. (2001). The middle class consensus and economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 6(4), 317–355.
- Evrard, Y., and Boff, L. H. (1998). Materialism and attitudes towards marketing. Advances in Consumer Research, 25(1), 196-202.
- Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), 382-388.
- Fournier, S., and Richins, M. L. (1991). Some theoretical and popular notions concerning materialism. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(6), 403-414.
- Goldsmith, R. E., and Clark, R. A. (2012). Materialism, status consumption, and consumer independence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(1), 43-60.
- Guarin, A., and Knorringa, P. (2014). New middle-class consumers in rising powers: Responsible consumption and private standards. Oxford development studies, 42(2), 151-171.
- Gurhan-Canli, Z., and Maheswaran, D. (2000). Cultural variations in country of origin effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(3), 309-317.
- Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., and Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, United States Sage Publications.
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T. M., and Ringle, C. M. (2012). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in strategic management research: a review of past practices and recommendations for future applications. Long range planning, 45(5-6), 320-340.
- Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture and organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 10(4), 15-41.
- Hoststede, G. (1991). Culture and organizations: Software of the mind (1st ed.). London: McGraw-Hill.
- Holt, D. B. (1995). How consumers consume: A typology of consumption practices. Journal of consumer research, 22(1), 1-16.
- Javalgi, R. R. G., and Grossman, D. A. (2016). Aspirations and entrepreneurial motivations of middle-class consumers in emerging markets: The case of India. International Business Review, 25(3), 657-667.
- Karabati, S., and Cemalcilar, Z. (2010). Values, materialism, and well-being: A study with Turkish university students. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(4), 624-633.
- Kardes, I. (2016). Reaching middle class consumers in emerging markets: Unlocking market potential through urban-based analysis. International Business Review, 25(3), 703–710.
- Kasser, T., and Ryan, R. M. (1993). A dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422.
- Kharas, H. (2010). The Emerging middle class in developing countries. OECD Development Centre Working Paper. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/dev/44 457738.pdf
- Kharas, H., and Gertz, G. (2010). The new global middle class: a cross-over from west to east. In: China’s emerging middle class: beyond economic transformation. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/03_china_middle_class_khar as.pdf
- Kim, J. O., Forsythe, S., Gu, Q. L., and Moon, S. J. (2002). Cross-cultural consumer values, needs and purchase behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(6), 481-502.
- Leo, C., Bennett, R., and Härtel, C. E. J. (2005). Cross‐cultural differences in consumer decision‐making styles. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 12(3), 32-62.
- Murphy K. M., Shleifer, A., and Vishny, R. (1989). Income distribution, market size, and industrialization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 104(3), 537-64.
- Richins, M.L. (1995), Social comparison, advertising, and consumer discontent, American Behavioral Scientist, 38(4), 593-607.
- Richins, M.L., and Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research, 303-316.
- Richins, M. L. (2004). The material values scale: Measurement properties and development of a short form. Journal of consumer Research, 31(1), 209-219.
- Rokka, J., and Moisander, J. (2009). Environmental dialogue in online communities: Negotiating ecological citizenship among global travelers. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(2), 199-205.
- Schor, J. (1999). The new politics of consumption. Available from: http://bostonreview.net/archiv es/BR24.3/schor.html
- Schwartz, S. H., and Bilsky, W. (1987). Toward a universal psychological structure of human values. Journal of personality and social psychology, 53(3), 550.
- Schwartz, S. H., and Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross-cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 878-891.
- Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I., and Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, 22(2), 159-170.
- Sin, L. Y. M., and Yau, O. H. M. (2001). Female role orientation and consumption values: Some evidence from mainland China, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 13(2), 49-75.
- Strizhakova, Y., and Coulter, R. A. (2013). The ‘green’ side of materialism in emerging BRIC and developed markets: The moderating role of global cultural identity. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 30(1), 69–82.
- Ward, K., and Neumann, F. 2012, Consumer in 2050 the Rise of the EM Middle Class, HSBC Global Research. Available from: https://www.hsbc.com.vn/1/PA_ES_Content_Mgmt/content/ vietnam/abouthsbc/newsroom/attached_files/HSBC_report_Consumer_in_2050_EN.pdf
- Wong, N. Y. (1997). Suppose you own the world and no one knows? Conspicuous consumption, materialism, and self. Advances in Consumer Research, 24(1), 107–203.
- Zorlu, A. (2003). Batılı bir yaşam tarzı olarak tüketim: Türkiye’de tüketim ürünlerinin ve kültürünün tarihi gelişimi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyolojik Araştırmalar Dergisi. Available from: http://www.sdergi.hacettepe.edu.tr/makaleler/zorlu_makale.pdf