Determination of Schmallenberg virus infection in sheep in Iğdır region

Year 2023, , 137 - 142, 30.08.2023

Şemistan Kızıltepe , Fatma Ertaş , Nüvit Coşkun , Serdal Tarhane , Gökhan Koçak , Volkan Yılmaz , Erdoğan Uzlu

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1280528

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in Morkaraman breed, aborted and negative for Brucella spp. sheep reared in Iğdır province. For this purpose, blood samples taken from a total of 180 aborted Morkaraman breed sheep between 2-6 years of age were analyzed by ELISA method. In the study, 7 (3.88%) of 180 sheep were found to be SBV suspected and 8 (4.4%) were found to be SBV seropositive. In conclusion, it is noteworthy that our study, which is the first data in Iğdır region, is also higher than the average of Turkey. In order to determine the prevalence of SBV infection in our country, epidemiological studies to be carried out with more material are necessary and these studies, together with all risk factors of SBV infection, are of high importance in the spread of the disease, prevention of regional/national endemics, and combating economic damages that may arise from this disease, which is characterized by offspring losses

Keywords

Iğdır, Sheep, Schmallenberg virus

Iğdır yöresindeki koyunlarda Schmallenberg virus enfeksiyonunun belirlenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Iğdır ilinde yetiştirilen Morkaraman ırkı atık yapmış ve Brucella Spp. yönünden negatif koyunlarda, Schmallenberg virus enfeksiyonu varlığının indirekt ELISA yöntemi ile ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; Iğdır ilinde yetiştirilen Morkaraman ırkı, abort yapmış 2-6 yaş arasındaki toplam 180 adet koyundan alınan kan örneği değerlendirilmiştir. Etken, Schmallenberg virusuna spesifik antikorların tespit edildiği ELISA (IDEXX Schmallenberg Ab Test®, IDEXX, Switzerland) yöntemi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen 180 koyundan 7 (% 3,88) tanesi şüpheli ve 8 tanesi de (% 4,4) seropozitif olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, Iğdır ilinde Schmallenberg virusun varlığının bildirildiği ilk çalışmadır.

Keywords

Iğdır, Koyun, Schmallenberg virus

References

• Azkur, A. K., Albayrak, H., Risvanli, A., Pestil, Z., Ozan, E., Yılmaz, O., Tonbak, Ş., Cavunt, A., Kadı, H., Macun, H.C., Acar, D., Özenç, E., Alparslan, S., Bulut, H. (2013). Antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in domestic livestock in Turkey. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 45, 1825-1828. https://doi.org/10.1007 /s11250-013-0415-2
• Balmer, S., Vögtlin, A., Thür, B., Büchi, M., Abril, C., Houmard, M., Danuser, J., Schwermer, H. (2014). Serosurveillance of Schmallenberg virus in Switzerland using bulk tank milk samples. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 116(4), 370-379. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.026
• Bıyıklı, E., Tonbak, Ş., Macun, H. C., Azkur, A. K. (2017). Buzağılarda Schmallenberg virüs özgül maternal antikor varlığının izlenmesi. Firat Üniversitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi, 31(3), 189-192.
• Bilk, S., Schulze, C., Fischer, M., Beer, M., Hlinak, A., Hoffmann, B. (2012). Organ distribution of Schmallenberg virus RNA in malformed newborns. Veterinary Microbiology, 159(1-2), 236-238. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.03.035
• Blomström, A. L., Stenberg, H., Scharin, I., Figueiredo, J., Nhambirre, O., Abilio, A. P., Fafetine, M., Berg, M. (2014). Serological screening suggests presence of Schmallenberg virus in cattle, sheep and goat in the Zambezia province, Mozambique. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 61(4), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed .12234
• Conraths, F. J., Peters, M., Beer, M. (2013). Schmallenberg virus, a novelrthobunyavirus infection in ruminants in Europe: Potential global impact and preventive measures. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 61(2), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/004801 69.2012.738403
• Dik, B. (1997). Ceratopogonid’ler ve parazitolojik önemleri. Parazitoloji’de arthropod hastaliklari ve vektörler. Ed, A Özcel, N Daldal, Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği, 13, 111-143.
• Doceul, V., Lara, E., Sailleau, C., Belbis, G., Richardson, J., Bréard, E., Viarouge, C., Dominguez, M., Hendrikx, P., Calavas, D., Desprat, A., Languille, J., Comtet, L., Pourquier, P., Eléouët, J-F., Delmas, B., Marianneau, P., Vitour, D., Zientara, S. (2013). Epidemiology, molecular virology and diagnostics of Schmallenberg virus, an emerging Orthobunyavirus in Europe. Veterinary Research, 44, 1-13. https://doi.org/10. 1186/1297-9716-44-31
• Doğan, F., Dağalp, S. B. (2017). Sığırlarda viral nedenli abort olgularının etiyopatogenezi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 66-77. https://doi.org/10.24998/maeusabed.310964
• Duan, Y. L., Bellis, G., Li, L., Li, H. C., Miao, H. S., Kou, M. L., Liao, D.F., Wang, Z., Gao, L., Li, J. Z. (2019). Potential vectors of bluetongue virus in high altitude areas of Yunnan province, China. Parasites & Vectors, 12, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071- 019-3736-9
• Ducomble, T., Wilking, H., Stark, K., Takla, A., Askar, M., Schaade, L., Nitsche, A., Kurth, A. (2012). Lack of evidence for Schmallenberg virus infection in highly exposed persons, Germany, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(8), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1808.120533
• Elbers, A. R., Stockhofe-Zurwieden, N., van der Poel, W. H. (2014). Schmallenberg virus antibody persistence in adult cattle after natural infection and decay of maternal antibodies in calves. BMC Veterinary Research, 10, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/ 1746-6148-10-103
• Elmas, A., Aslan, Ö., Şahna, K.C. (2018). Sivas yöresindeki koyunlarda Schmallenberg virus enfeksiyonunun seroprevalansının belirlenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 56-59. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.470743
• Garigliany, M. M., Bayrou, C., Kleijnen, D., Cassart, D., Desmecht, D. (2012). Schmallenberg virus in domestic cattle, Belgium, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(9), 1512. https://doi.org/10.3201/ eid1809.120716
• Hoffmann, B., Scheuch, M., Höper, D., Jungblut, R., Holsteg, M., Schirrmeier, Eschbaumer, M., Goller, K.V., Wernike, K., Fischer, M., H., Breithaupt, A., Mettenleiter, T.C., Beer, M. (2012). Novel Orthobunyavirus in cattle, Europe, 2011. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(3), 469. https://doi.org/10. 3201/eid1803.111905
• Hoffmann, B., Schulz, C., Beer, M. (2013). First detection of Schmallenberg virus RNA in bovine semen, Germany, 2012. Veterinary Microbiology, 167(3-4), 289-295. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.002
• Johnson, A., Bradshaw, B., Boland, C., Ross, P. (2014). A bulk milk tank study to detect evidence of spread of Schmallenberg virus infection in the southwest of Ireland in 2013. Irish Veterinary Journal, 67(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046- 0481-67-11
• Macun, H. C., Azkur, A. K., Kalender, H., Erat, S. (2017). Kırıkkale’de yetiştirilen koyunlarda Schmallenberg virüs seroprevalansı ve bazı coğrafi özelliklerle ilişkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 64, 93-97. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002781
• Meroc, E., De Regge, N., Riocreux, F., Caij, A. B., Van den Berg, T., Van der Stede, Y. (2014). Distribution of Schmallenberg virus and seroprevalence in belgian sheep and goats. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 61(5), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed .12050
• Pawaiya, R. V. S., Gupta, V. K. (2013). A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: A newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats. Veterinarni Medicina, 58(10), 516-526. https://doi.org/10.17221/ 7083-VETMED
• Reusken, C., van den Wijngaard, C., van Beek, P., Beer, M., Bouwstra, R., Godeke, G. J., Isken, L., van den Kerkhof, H., van Pelt, W., van der Poel, W., Reimerink, J., Schielen, P., Schmidt-Chanasit, J., Vellema, P., de Vries, A., Wouters, I., Koopmans, M. (2012). Lack of evidence for zoonotic transmission of Schmallenberg virus. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18(11), 1746. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1811.120650
• Rossi, S., Viarouge, C., Faure, E., Gilot‐Fromont, E., Gache, K., Gibert, P., Verheyden, H., Hars, J., Klein, F., Maillard, D., Gauthier, D., Game, Y., Pozet, F., Sailleau, C., Garnier, A., Zientara, S., Bréard, E. (2017). Exposure of wildlife to the Schmallenberg virus in France (2011–2014): Higher, faster, stronger (than bluetongue). Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 64(2), 354-363. https://doi. org/10.1111/tbed.12371
• Sailleau, C., Boogaerts, C., Meyrueix, A., Laloy, E., Bréard, E., Viarouge, C., Grandjean, D. (2013). Schmallenberg virus infection in dogs, France, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19(11), 1896. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1911.130464
• Steinrigl, A., Schiefer, P., Schleicher, C., Peinhopf, W., Wodak, E., Bagó, Z., Schmoll, F. (2014). Rapid spread and association of Schmallenberg virus with ruminant abortions and foetal death in Austria in 2012/2013. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 116(4), 350-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03. 006
• Tuncer, P, Yeşilbağ, K. (2012). Schmallenberg virus: Ruminantlarda görülen yeni bir hastalık etkeni. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.30782/uluvfd. 163525
• Van den Brom, R., Luttikholt, S. J., LievaartPeterson, K., Peperkamp, N. H., Mars, M. H., Van Der Poel, W. H., Vellema, P. (2012). Epizootic of ovine congenital malformations associated with Schmallenberg virus infection. Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde, 137(2), 106-111.
• Wensman, JJ., Blomqvist, G., Hjort, M., Holst, BS. (2013). Presence of antibodies to Schmallenberg virus in a dog in Sweden. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 51(8), 2802. https://doi.org/10.1128/ jcm.00877-13
• Wernike K, Hoffmann B, Breard E, Bøtner, A., Ponsart, C., Zientara, S., Lohse, L., Pozzi, N., Viarouge, C., Sarradin, P., Leroux-Barc, C., Riou, M., Laloy, E., Breithaupt, A., Beer, M. (2013). Schmallenberg virus experimental infection of sheep. Veterinary Microbiology, 166, 461-466. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.030
• Wernike, K., Conraths, F., Zanella, G., Granzow, H., Gache, K., Schirrmeier, H., Valas, S., Staubach, C., Marianneau, P., Kraatz, F., Höreth-Böntgen, D., Reimann, I., Zientara, S., Beer, M. (2014). Schmallenberg virus—two years of experiences. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 116(4), 423-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014. 03.021
• Yanase, T., Kato, T., Aizawa, M, Shuto, Y., Shirafuji, H., Yamakawa, M., Tsuda, T. (2012). Genetic reassortment between sathuperi and shamonda viruses of the genus Orthobunyavirus in nature: Implications for their genetic relationship to Schmallenberg virus. Archives of Virology, 157, 1611-1616. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00705-012-1341-8
• Yılmaz, H., Hoffmann, B., Turan, N., Çizmecigil, U. Y., Satır, E., Van Der Poel, W. (2014). Detection and partial sequencing of Schmallenberg virus in cattle and sheep in Turkey. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 14(3), 223-225. https://doi.org/10. 1089/vbz.2013.1451