Incidence of some reproductive problems following a voluntary waiting period in cows on family-type cattle breeding farms in Van Province

Year 2024, , 107 - 114, 22.08.2024

Nebi Çetin , Davut Koca

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1453760

Abstract

This study aimed to identify some reproductive problems in cows on family-type cattle breeding farms in rural areas of Van province using transrectal ultrasonographic examination. The study included 196 cows (at least 50 days postpartum and non-pregnant) of various breeds and ages. Postpartum days and current body condition scores (BCS) were recorded. Genital organs of each animal were examined twice using rectal palpation and ultrasonography, at intervals of 7-11 days. Cows with a detected corpus luteum in their ovaries were classified as cyclic, while those without were classified as non-cyclic, also categorized according to anovulatory anestrus types. The average number of days postpartum for cows was determined to be 94.42 days. Based on ovarian examination results, 51.03% (n = 99) of the cows were classified as cyclic, while 48.97% (n = 95) were classified as non-cyclic. According to anovulatory anestrus types, 15% (n = 15) of the cows were classified as Type I anovulatory anestrus, 26% (n = 26) as Type II anovulatory anestrus, 54% (n = 54) as Type III anovulatory anestrus, and 5% (n = 5) as Type IV anovulatory anestrus. In addition, pyometra was diagnosed in two of the cows. In the study, it was concluded that the cows in family-type cattle breeding farms in rural areas of Van Province were delayed in starting postpartum cycle activities and high anestrus rates may be primarily due to nutrition. It was concluded that the widespread use of ultrasonography in family-type cattle breeding farms would have significant and positive effects on the reproductive success of cows and sustainable animal breeding.

Keywords

Anovulatory anestrus, dairy cattle, infertility, reproduction, theriogenology

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee (Approval no: 2023/11-02)

References

• Aksoy, K., Deniz, A. (2024). Effects of prophylactic propylene glycol administration at calving on subclinical ketosis in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 9(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.1374657
• Alacam, E. (2007). İnekte infertilite sorunu. In: Alaçam, E. (Ed), Evcil Hayvanlarda Doğum ve İnfertilite (pp. 267-290). 6. Edition, Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
• Alcay, S., Aktar, A., & Sağırkaya, H. (2022). Embriyo transferi yapılan taşıyıcı ineklerde progesteron seviyesinin gebelik başarısı üzerine etkisi. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, 41(2), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1101989
• Ata, A. (2013). Sütçü sığırlarda döl verimi ölçütlerinin güncel yorumu. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 1(1), 30-41.
• Atalay, H., Danyer, E., Bilal, T., Arslan, M., Toksavul, S., Yenilmez, K., & İpek, H. (2019). Determination of backfat thickness with transrectal ultrasonography in cattle. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques J Adv VetBio Sci Tech, 4(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.548423
• Avcilar, T., Koca, D., Nak, Y., Şahin, M. E., Özyiğit, M. Ö., & Nak, D. (2023). Investigation of relationships between serum lactate, acute phase proteins, pro/antiinflammatory cytokine levels, and metritis formation in Holstein dairy heifers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 47(3), 176-184. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0128.4284
• Butler, W.R., & Smith, R.D. (1989). Interrelationships between energy balance and postpartum reproductive function in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 72(3), 767-783. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(89)79169-4
• Crowe, M.A. (2008). Resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post-partum beef and dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 43, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01210.x
• Cevik, S. (2023). Family Type Cattle Breeding Farms Reproductive Evaluation. (Publication No: 818612), [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ataturk University].
• Darwash, A.O., Lamming, G.E., & Wooliams, J.A. (1997). The pheno¬typic association between the interval to post-partum ovu¬lation and traditional measures of fertility in dairy cattle. Animal Science, 65(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800016234
• Erdogan, S., & Ural D.A. (2020). Assessing the correlation between metabolic parameters and risk factors in transition cows. Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques, 5(3), 106-113. https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.753680
• Francos, G., & Mayer, E. (1988). Analysis of fertility indices of cows with extended postpartum anestrus and other reproductive disorders compared to normal cows. Theriogenology, 29(2), 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(88)90243-9
• Ganaie, B.A., Sultan, F., Kumar, S., Pathak, P., & Nayak, V. (2018). Effect of uterineinfection on milk production and reproductive performance in dairy animals-A review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(1), 200-202.
• Gautam, G. (2023, June). Postpartum anestrus in dairy cattle and its management. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2628 (1), AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0143994
• Gautam, G., Nakao, T., Yamada, K., & Yoshida, C. (2010). Defining delayed resumption of ovarian activity postpartum and its impact on subsequent reproductive performance in Holstein cows. Theriogenology, 73(2), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.08.011
• Jolly, P. D., McDougall, S., Fitzpatrick, L. A., & Macmillan, K. L. (1995). Physiological effects of undernutrition on postpartum. Journal of Keproduction and Fertility Supplement, 49, 477-492.
• Klm, I. H., Jeong, J. K., & Kang, H. G. (2012). Field investigation of whether corpus luteum formation during weeks 3–5 postpartum is related to subsequent reproductive performance of dairy cows. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 58(5), 552-556. https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2012-028
• Koca D., Aktar, A., Turgut, A. O., Sagırkaya, H., & Alcay, S. (2023). The Effect of conventional semen, sexed-semen, and embryo transfer on pregnancy rate in holstein dairy cows. Journal of Research in Veterinary Medicine, 42(2), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.30782/jrvm.1361215
• Koca, D., Nak, Y., Sendag, S., Nak, D., Turgut, A. O., Avcılar, T., ... & Wehrend, A. (2024). Anti‐Müllerian hormone: A novel biomarker for detecting bovine freemartinism. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 59(2), e14542. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.14542
• Lamming, G. E., & Darwash, A. O. (1998). The use of milk progesterone profiles to characterise components of subfertility in milked dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 52(3), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(98)00099-2
• LeBlanc, S. J., Duffield, T. F., Leslie, K. E., Bateman, K. G., Keefe, G. P., Walton, J. S., & Johnson, W. H. (2002). Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(9), 2223-2236. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74302-6
• Lucy, M. C. (2007). Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Society of Reproduction and Fertility supplement, 64, 237-254. https://doi.org/10.5661/rdr-vi-237
• Luperto Telli, A. V. (2017). Evaluation of reproductive performance in dairy cattle operations. (Publication No: 462823), [Doktora tezi, Ankara University].
• Mateus, L., Lopes da Costa, L., Bernardo, F., & Robalo Silva, J. (2002). Influence of puerperal uterine infection on uterine involution and postpartum ovarian activity in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 37(1), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2002.00317.x
• McCoy, M. A., Lennox, S. D., Mayne, C. S., McCaughey, W. J., Edgar, H. W. J., Catney, D. C., Verner, M., Mackey, D. R. & Gordon, A. W. (2006). Milk progesterone profiles and their relationship with fertility, production and disease in dairy cows in Northern Ireland. Animal Science, 82(2), 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC200526
• McDougall, S., Burke, C. R., MacMillan, K. L., & Williamson, N. B. (1995). Patterns of follicular development during periods of anovulation in pasture-fed dairy cows after calving. Research in Veterinary Science, 58(3), 212-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-5288(95)90104-3
• Mwaanga, E. S., & Janowski, T. (2000). Anoestrus in dairy cows: causes, prevalence and clinical forms. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 35(5), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0531.2000.00211.x
• Noakes, D. E. (2009). The puerperium. In: D. E. Noakes, T. J. Parkinson, & G. C. W. England (Eds), Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, 9th edition, (pp. 194-205). Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, Elsevier, London.
• Okur, D. T., & Polat, B. (2019). İneklerde anöstrus: Nedenleri ve sınıflandırılması. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(3), 354-361. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.547777
• Opsomer, G., Gröhn, Y. T., Hertl, J., Coryn, M., Deluyker, H., & de Kruif, A. (2000). Risk factors for post partum ovarian dysfunction in high producing dairy cows in Belgium: a field study. Theriogenology, 53(4), 841-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00234-X
• Ocal, H. (2007). Puerperal dönem ve sorunları, In: E. Alacam (Ed.), Evcil hayvanlarda doğum ve infertilite, 6. Baskı, (pp. 213-230). Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara,
• Peters. A. R., & Lamming, G. E. (1990). Lactational anoestrus in farm animals. In: S.R. Milligan (Ed.), Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology (pp. 245-288). Univercity press, Oxford.
• Peter, A. T., Vos, P. L. A. M., & Ambrose, D. J. (2009). Postpartum anestrus in dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 71(9), 1333-1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.11.012
• Rhodes, F. M., McDougall, S., Burke, C. R., Verkerk, G. A., & Macmillan, K. L. (2003). Invited review: Treatment of cows with an extended postpartum anestrous interval. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(6), 1876-1894. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73775-8
• Roche, J. F., Mackey, D., & Diskin, M. D. (2000). Reproductive management of postpartum cows. Animal Reproduction Science, 60, 703-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4320(00)00107-X
• Sheldon, I. M., Wathes, D. C., & Dobson, H. (2006). The management of bovine reproduction in elite herds. The Veterinary Journal, 171(1), 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.06.008
• Sheldon, I. M. (2004). The postpartum uterus. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 20(3), 569-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.008
• Sheldon, I. M., Noakes, D. E., Rycroft, A. N., Pfeiffer, D. U., & Dobson, H. (2002). Influence of uterine bacterial contamination after parturition on ovarian dominant follicle selection and follicle growth and function in cattle. Reproduction-Cambridge, 123(6), 837-845.
• Song, Y., Cheng, J., Yu, H., Wang, Z., Bai, Y., Xia, C., & Xu, C. (2021). Early warning for ovarian diseases based on plasma non-esterified fatty acid and calcium concentrations in dairy cows. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 792498. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.792498
• Senünver, A., Nak Y., 2015. İnfertilite. In: A. Semacan, M. Kaymaz, M. Fındık, A. Şirvanlı, & A. Köker (Eds.) Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji, 2th ed., (pp. 448-450). Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, Türkiye.
• Walsh, R. B., Kelton, D. F., Duffield, T. F., Leslie, K. E., Walton, J. S., & LeBlanc, S. J. (2007). Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum anovulatory condition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(1), 315-324. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(07)72632-2
• Wiltbank, M. C., Gümen, A., & Sartori, R. (2002). Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology, 57(1), 21-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00656-2
• Yalcın C. (2008). Süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde ekonomik açıdan sürü sağlığı ve hastalık yöntemi. Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi, 79, 24-30.
• Yavas, Y., & Walton, J. S. (2000). Postpartum acyclicity in suckled beef cows: a review. Theriogenology, 54(1), 25-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00323-X
• Yolcu, K. (2024). Süt İneklerinde Beslenmenin Fertilite İle İlişkisi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(1), 378-398.