Ruminantların beslenmesinde inaktif maya metabolitleri

Year 2019, , 33 - 39, 30.04.2019

Duygu Budak , Aydan Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.494058

Abstract

Rumen fermentasyonunun kontrolü ve rumen içi koşulların sürdürülebilirliği, ruminantların sağlığı ve bunlardan elde edilecek hayvansal ürünün niteliği bakımından oldukça önemlidir. İnaktif maya metaboliti kullanımıyla, rumen mikroorganizma sayı ve aktivitelerinde modifikasyon yapabilme, yemlerin besleme değerini artırma ve fermantasyon etkinliğini iyileştirmek suretiyle rumende manipülasyon amaçlanmaktadır. Rumen fermantasyonun olumsuz etkilerini önlemek ve verimi arttırmak amacıyla kullanılan inaktif maya metabolitleri, besin değeri yüksek prebiyotik etkili biyoteknolojik ürünlerdir. Antibiyotiklerin yerine güvenle kullanılabilmelerinin yanı sıra, diğer maya türlerine kıyasla rumende daha uzun süre etkili olabilmeleri ve yem işleme tekniklerinden olumsuz etkilenmemeleri gibi ekstra avantajlara da sahiptirler. Doğal ve ekonomik olmaları yanında son yıllarda düşük kaliteli kaba yemlerle kullanıldığındaki pozitif etkileri ile de dikkat çekmektedirler. Bu çalışmada; inaktif maya metabolitleri, canlı mayalarla karşılaştırılmaları ve ruminant beslemede kullanımları ile ilgili araştırmalar irdelenmiş, yem tüketimi, selüloz sindirilebilirliği, anaerobik ve selülolitik bakteri sayısı, rumen pH’sı ve uçucu yağ asitleri kompozisyonunun olumlu yönde değişebileceği, rumen sıvısı oksijen konsatrasyonu ile laktat birikiminin azaltılabileceği ve amonyak azotunun mikrobiyal proteine daha etkili dönüşebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

inaktif maya, prebiyotik, rumen fermentasyonu, sindirilebilirlik

Inactive yeast metabolites in ruminant nutrition

Abstract

The control of rumen fermentation and the sustainability of rumen-in conditions is very important in terms of the health of ruminants and the nature of the animal product. It is aimed to manipulate rumen microorganism numbers and activities, increase feed value of feed and improve fermentation efficiency by using inactive yeast metabolite. Inactive yeast metabolites used to prevent adverse effects of rumen fermentation and increase yield are biotechnological products with high nutritional value. In addition to being used safely in place of antibiotics, they have additional advantages such as being more effective in rumen than other yeast species and not being adversely affected by feed processing techniques. In addition to being natural and economical, they are important for their positive effects when used with low quality roughage in recent years. In this study; inactive yeast metabolites comparison with live yeasts and researches on their use in ruminant feeding, feed consumption, cellulose digestibility, the number of anaerobic and cellulolytic bacteria, rumen pH and volatile fatty acids composition can be changed in a positive way with the concentration of oxygen concentration of rumen liquid and lactate accumulation can be reduced. It was concluded that ammonia nitrogen could be more effective for microbial protein.

Keywords

inactive yeast, prebiotic, rumen fermentation, digestibility

References

• Abd-El-Ghani, A.A. (2004). Influence of diet supplementation with yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance of Zaraibi goats. Small Rum. Res. 52: 223-229.
• Ando, S., Khan, R.I., Takahasi. J., Gamo, Y., Morikawa, R., Nishiguchi, Y., Hayasaka, K. (2004). Manipulation of rumen fermantation yeast: The effects of dried beer yeast on the in vitro degradability of forages and methane production. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(1) : 68-72.
• Anonim (2014a). www.suthayvanciligi.com/urunlerimiz/diamond-v
• Anonim (2014b). www.tempe.com.tr
• Anonim (2014c). Dış ticaret mevzuatı (GTC İzahnamesi). Mayalar (canlı veya cansız); diğer tek hücreli cansız Mikroorganizmalar yenilen çeşitli gıda müstahzarları. Fasıl 21.02.
• Anupama, P.R. (2000). Single cell protein. Biotech. Adv. 18: 459-479.
• Arcos-Garcia, J.L., Castrejon,F.A., Mendoza, G.D., Perez Gavilan, E.P. 2000. Effect of two commercial yeast cultures with Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation and digestion in sheep fed sugar cane tops. Livest Prod. Sci. 63: 153-157.
• Aydın, C., Galip, N., Yaman, K. (2003). Kaba ve konsantre yem ağırlıklı beslenen kıvırcık erkek toklularda Saccharomyces cerevisiae canlı maya kültürünün rumen sıvısı metabolitleri ve protozoonlar üzerine etkisi. Turk. J. Anim. Sci. 27: 1453-1440.
• Bach, A., Calsamiglia, S., Stern, M.D. (2005). Nitrogen metabolism in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 9-21.
• Burçak, E., Yalçın, S. (2013). Buzağı beslemede probiyotiklerin kullanımı (Derleme). Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg. 53(2): 101-114.
• Campos, A.D., Pereira, O.G., Riberio, K.G., Santos, S.A., Filho, S.C.V. (2014). Impact of replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets withinactive dry yeast, a sugarcane by-product of ethanoldistilleries and sugar mills. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 190: 38–46.
• Can, A., Denek, N., Şeker, M., İpek, H. (2007). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient digestibility and fattening performance of Awassi rams fed different levels of straw containing diets. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 31: 73-77.
• Chaucheyras, F., Fonty, G. (2001). Establishment of cellulolytic bacteria and development of fermentative activities in the rumen of gnotobiotically-rearedlambs receiving the microbial additive Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 41: 57-65.
• Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Walker, N.D., Bach, A. (2008). Effects of active dry yeasts on the rumen microbial ecosystem: past, present and future. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech.145(5): 20-26.
• Denev, S.A., Peeva, T., Radulova, P., Stancheva, N., Staykova, G., Beev, G., Todorova, P., Tchobanova, S. (2007). Yeast cultures in ruminant nutrition. Bulgarian J. Agri. Sci. 13: 357-374.
• Di Francia, A., Masucci, F., De Rosa, G., Varricchio, M.L., Proto, V. (2008). Effects of Aspergillus oryzaeextract and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermantation product on intake, body weight gain and digestibility in buffalo calves. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 140: 67-77.
• Ding, G., Chang, Y., Zhao, L., Zhou, Z., Ren, L., Meng, Q. (2014). Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeon alfalfa nutrient degradation characteristics and rumen microbial populations of steers fed diets with different concentrate-to-forage ratios. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol. 5: 24-40.
• Dolezal, P., Dolezal, J., Trinacty, J. (2005). The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 50: 503-510.
• Elseed, F., Abusamra, M.A. (2007). Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) culture on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation of forage sorghum hay in nubian goat’s kids. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 3(3):133-137.
• Ghoneem, W.M.A., Mahmoud, A.E.M. (2014). Effect of inactivated and dried yeast on productive performance of Barki lambs. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. ©2014 Academic Journals Inc.
• Gomes, L.C., Alcalde, C.R.., Lima, L.R., Lima, L.S., Souza, R., Possamai, A.P.S. (2014). Nutritive value of diets containing inactive dry yeast for lactating Saanen goats. R. Bras. Zootec. 43(1):36-43.
• Grochowska, S., Nowak, W., Mikuła, R., Kasprowicz-Potocka, M. (2012). The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on ruminal fermentation in sheep fed high- or low-NDF rations. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 21: 276–284.
• Haddad, S.G., Goussous, S.N. (2005). Effect of yeast culture supplementation on nutrient intake, digestibility and growth performance of Awassi lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech, 118: 343-348.
• Hassan, S., Saeed, A. (2013). Effect of feding different levels of dietary protein and addition of baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on rumen fermentation characteristics of Awassi male lambs. KSU J. Nat. Sci. 16(2): 39-47.
• Hasani, A., Mehdizadeh, M., Hajihasani, N., Fani, A.R. (2012). Study on the possibility of nutritive value of wheat straw by baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae 1026). The 1th International and The 4th National Congress on Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 26-27 April 2012 in İsfahan. İran.
• İnal, F., Gürbüz, E., Coşkun, B., Alataş, M.S., Çitil, Ö.B., Polat, E.S., Şeker, E., Özcan, C. (2010). The effects of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on rumen fermentation and nutrient degradability in yearling lambs. Kafkas Ünv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 16 (5): 799-804.
• Inge, N.A., Bogaert, V., Maeseneire, L.D. (2009). Extracellular polysaccharides produced by yeast and yeast-like fungi. Yeast Biotechnology: Diversity App. 651-671.
• Jurkovich, V., Brydl, E., Kutasi, J., Harnos, A., Kovacs, P., Könyves L., Muravölgyi, Febel, H. (2014). The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on the rumen fermentation in sheep fed with diets of different forage to concentrate ratios. J. App. Anim. Res. 42(4): 481-486.
• Karademir G., Karademir, B. (2003). Yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanılan biyoteknolojik ürünler. Lalahan Hay. Araş. Enst. Derg. 43: 61-74.Katırcıoğlu, H., Aksöz, N. (2003). Tek hücre proteini. Orlab Mikr. Derg. 1(8) : 34- 49.
• Kowalık, B., Skomial, J., Miltko, R., Majewska, M. (2016). The effect of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the diet of rams on the digestibility of nutrients, nitrogen and mineral retention and blood serum biochemical parameters. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 40: 534-539
• Kutlu, H.R., Serbester, U. (2014). Ruminant beslemede son gelişmeler. Türk Tarım-Gıda Bil. Tekn. Derg., 2(1):18-37.
• Küçükyılmaz, K., Bozkurt, M., Çatlı, A.U., Çınar, M., Bintaş, E. (2012). Yeme dehidre maya ve humat bileşik katılmasının etlik piliçlerin performans ve bazı kesim özellikleri üzerine etkileri. SDU Ziraat Fak. Derg. 7(1): 83-92.
• Lee, S.S., Ha, J., Cheng, K.J. (2000). Influence of an anaerobic fungal culture administration on in vivo ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 88: 201-217.
• Lima, L.S., Alcalde, C.R., Gomes, L.C., Souza, R., Rigolon, L.P., Nakamura, C.V. (2012). Effect of inactive dry yeast from sugar cane as protein source on rumen fermentation in Saanen goats. Arg. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 64(1): 145-154.
• McIntosh, F. M., Williams, P., Losa, R., Wallace, R.J., Beever, D., Newbold, C.J. (2003). Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69(8):5011.
• Moharrery, A., Asadi, E. (2009). Effects of supplementing malate and yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the rumen enzyme profile and growth performance of lambs. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 18: 283-295.
• Newbold, C.J., Wallace, R.J., Chen, X.B., McIntosh, F.M. (1996). Mode of action of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a feed additive for ruminants. Brit. J. Nutr. 76: 249-261.
• Niyas, P.A., Chaidanya, K., Shaji, S., Sejian, V., Bhatta, R., Bagath, M., Rao, G., Kurien, E., Girish, V. (2015). Adaptation of livestock to environmental challenges. J. Vet. Sci. Med. Diagn. 4: 3.
• Nursoy, H., Baytok, E. (2003). Ekmek mayasının süt ineği rasyonlarında kullanılmasının süt verimi, bazı rumen sıvısı parametreleri ve kan metabolitleri üzerine etkisi. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 27: 7-13.
• Oeztuerk, H. (2009). Effects of live and autoclaved yeast cultures on ruminal fermentation in vitro. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 18: 142–150.
• Opsi, F., Fortina, R.,Tassone, S.,Bodas, R., Lopez, S. (2012). Effects of inactivated and live cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on in vitro ruminal fermentation of diets with different forage:concentrate ratio. J. Agric. Sci. 150: 271–283.
• Öztürk, H. (2008). Ruminant beslemesinde probiyotik mayalar. Vet. Hekim Der. Derg. 79: 3742.Patra, A.K. (2012). The use of live yeast products as microbial feed additives in ruminant nutrition. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 7(5): 366-375.
• Pina, D.S., Valadares Filho, S.C., Valadares, R.F.D., Campos, J.M.S., Detmann, E., Marcondes, M.I., Oliveira, A.S., Teixeira, R.M.A. (2006). Consumo e digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes. produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo diferentes fontes de proteína. Revista Brasileira de Zootec. 35:1543-1551.
• Rufino, L.D.A., Pereira, O.G., Ribeiro, K.G., Valadares Filho, S.C. (2013). Effect of substitution of soybean meal for inactive dry yeast on diet digestibility, lamb’s growth and meat quality. Small Rum. Res. 111: 56-62.
• Sarıpınar, D., Sulu, N. (2005). Ruminantlarda probiyotiklerin kullanımı ve rumene etkileri. Kafkas Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 11(1): 93-98.
• Sawsan, M.G., Tawila, M.A., Abou Ward, G.A., Salama, R., Soad, E. (2012). Determine the proper level of yeast with different levels of roughages to improve the nutritive value of lambs ration. Life Sci. J. 9(3):1773-1780.
• Tang, S.X., Tayo, G.O., Tan, Z.L., Sun, Z.H., Shen, L.X., Zhou, C.S., Xiao, W.J., Ren, G.P., Han, X.F., Shen, S.B. (2008). Effects of yeast culture and fibrolytic enzyme supplementation on in vitro fermentation characteristics of low-quality cereal straws. J. Anim. Sci. 86: 1164-1172.
• Tripathi, M.K., Karim, S.A. (2011). Effect of yeast cultures supplementation on live weight change. rumen fermentation. ciliate protozoa population. microbial hydrolytic enzymes status and slaughtering performance of growing lamb. Liwestock Sci. 135: 17-25.
• Wallace, R.J. (2013). Ruminal microbiology, biotechnology and ruminant nutrition: progress and problems. J. Anim. Sci. 72: 2992-3003.
• Wanapat, M., Pichad, K., Pawadee, P., Sadudee, W. (2008). Effect of supplementation of garlic powder on rumen ecology and digestibility of nutrients in ruminants. J. Sci. Food Agric. 88(13): 2231–2237.
• Vyas, D., Uwizeye, A., Mohammed, R., Yang, W.Z., Walker, N.D., Beauchemin, K.A. (2014). The effects of active dried and killed dried yeast on subacute ruminal acidosis, ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 724–732.
• Yalçın, S., Can, P., Gürdal, A.O., Bağcı, C., Eltan, Ö. (2011). The nutritive value of live yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisae) and its effect on milk yield. milk composition and some blood parameters on dairy cows. Asian-Australian J. Anim. Sci. 24: 1377-1385.
• Zain, M., Jamarun, N., Arnim, A., Ningrat, R.W.S., Herawati, R. (2011). Effect of yeast (Saccharomyce cerevisiae) on fermentability, microbial population and digestibility of low quality roughage in vitro. Archiva Zootech. 14(4): 51-58.