Serum Iron, Copper and Zinc Concentrations in Neonatal Lambs Naturally Infected with Cryptosporidium parvum

Year 2021, , 258 - 264, 31.12.2021

Ceren Dinler Ay

https://doi.org/10.31797/vetbio.990194

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum concentration of iron, copper and zinc in neonatal lambs naturally infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, and to determine the relations between these trace elements and the clinical severity of the disease. For this purpose, neonatal lambs infected with Cryptosporidium parvum (n=27) and healthy control lambs (n=10) were evaluated. Faecal consistency, willingness to rise, stance when up, appetite, attitude, and hydration status were scored within the scope of clinical examination in infected lambs. Thus, clinical health scores were calculated for each lamb to quantify the clinical severity of the disease. Iron, copper and zinc concentrations were measured from serum samples of lambs in both groups. Compared to the healthy control lambs, serum iron and zinc concentrations were significantly lower in infected lambs (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively), while there was no difference between the two groups in terms of serum copper concentrations. Additionally, a significant negative correlation (r=-0.60; p<0.001) was observed between serum zinc concentration and clinical health score, whereas the serum iron (r= -0.359; p= 0.066) and copper (r=0.322; p = 0.102) concentrations did not significantly correlate with clinical health score. In conclusion, the obtained results of the study provide valuable information about trace elements status in lambs with cryptosporidiosis.

Keywords

Cryptosporidium parvum, lambs, iron, copper, zinc

References

• Abou-Shady, O., El Raziky, M. S., Zaki, M. M., & Mohamed, R. K. (2011). Impact of Giardia lamblia on growth, serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron in Egyptian children. Biological trace element research, 140(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1007/s12011-010-8673-6
• Angus, K. W., Tzipori, S., & Gray, E. W. (1982). Intestinal lesions in specific-pathogen-free lambs associated with a cryptosporidium from calves with diarrhea. Veterinary Pathology, 19(1), 67-78. doi: 10.1177/030098588201900110
• Arora, R., Kulshreshtha, S., Mohan, G., Singh, M., Sharma, P. (2006). Estimation of serum zinc and copper in children with acute diarrhea. Biological trace element research, 114(1-3), 121-126. doi:10.1385/BTER:114:1:121
• Babaç, D. (2014). Cryptosporidium parvum ile deneysel enfekte buzağılarda serum demir, bakır ve çinko konsantrasyonlarının incelenmesi (Publication No. VİH-YL-2014-0002) [Master's thesis, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi].
• Beisel, W. R. (1976). Trace elements in infectious processes. Medical Clinics of North America, 60(4), 831-849. doi: 10.1016/S0025-7125(16)31864-8
• Certad, G., Viscogliosi, E., Chabé, M., & Cacciò, S. M. (2017). Pathogenic mechanisms of Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Trends in Parasitology, 33(7), 561-576. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2017.02.006
• Davoodi, Z., Kojouri, G. A. (2015). Mineral, metalloid, and heavy metal status in sheep with clinical coccidiosis. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 24(2), 259-262. doi: 10.1007/s00580-014-1886-x de Graaf, D. C., Vanopdenbosch, E., Ortega-Mora, L. M., Abbassi, H., & Peeters, J. E. (1999). A review of the importance of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals. International Journal for parasitology, 29(8), 1269-1287. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7519(99)00076-4
• Han, Z., Li, R., Li, K., Shahzad, M., Wang, X. Q., Jiang, W., ... & Meng, X. (2016). Assessment of serum trace elements in diarrheic yaks (Bos grunniens) in Hongyuan, China. Biological trace element research, 171(2), 333-337. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0540-z
• Heine, J., 1982. Eine einfache Nachweismethode für Kryptosporidien im Kot. Zbl. Vet. Med. 29, 324-327. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1982.tb01233.x
• Henriksen, S. A., & Pohlenz, J. F. L. (1981). Staining of cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Acta veterinaria scandinavica, 22(3-4), 594. doi: 10.1186/BF03548684 Hidiroglou, M. (1980). Trace elements in the fetal and neonate ruminant: a review. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 21(12), 328.
• Imboden, M., Schaefer, D. A., Bremel, R. D., Homan, E. J., & Riggs, M. W. (2012). Antibody fusions reduce onset of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves. Veterinary parasitology, 188(1-2), 41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.014
• Kojouri, G. A., & Shirazi, A. (2007). Serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, Mo and Co in newborn lambs following systemic administration of vitamin E and selenium to the pregnant ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 70(2-3), 136-139. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.02.002
• Koski, K. G., & Scott, M. E. (2003). Gastrointestinal nematodes, trace elements, and immunity. The Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine: The Official Publication of the International Society for Trace Element Research in Humans, 16(4), 237-251. doi: 10.1002/jtra.10043
• Oliveira, C. M. D., Rodrigues, M. N., & Miglino, M. A. (2012). Iron transportation across the placenta. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 84, 1115-1120. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652012005000055
• Ranjan, R., Naresh, R., Patra, R. C., & Swarup, D. (2006). Erythrocyte lipid peroxides and blood zinc and copper concentrations in acute undifferentiated diarrhoea in calves. Veterinary research communications, 30(3), 249-254. doi: 10.1007/s11259-006-3185-8
• Riggs, M. W., & Schaefer, D. A. (2020). Calf clinical model of cryptosporidiosis for efficacy evaluation of therapeutics. In: Mead J, Arrowood M. (eds) Cryptosporidium (pp. 253-282). Humana, New York, NY.
• Robertson, L. J., Björkman, C., Axén, C., & Fayer, R. (2014). Cryptosporidiosis in farmed animals. In Cryptosporidium: parasite and disease (pp. 149-235). Springer, Vienna.
• Ryan, U., Zahedi, A., & Paparini, A. (2016). Cryptosporidium in humans and animals—a one health approach to prophylaxis. Parasite immunology, 38(9), 535-547. doi: 10.1111/pim.12350
• Schaefer, D. A., Betzer, D. P., Smith, K. D., Millman, Z. G., Michalski, H. C., Menchaca, S. E., ... & Riggs, M. W. (2016). Novel bumped kinase inhibitors are safe and effective therapeutics in the calf clinical model for cryptosporidiosis. The Journal of infectious diseases, 214(12), 1856-1864. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw488
• Soetan, K. O., Olaiya, C. O., & Oyewole, O. E. (2010). The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants-A review. African journal of food science, 4(5), 200-222. doi: 10.5897/AJFS.9000287
• Strand, T. A., Adhikari, R. K., Chandyo, R. K., Sharma, P. R., & Sommerfelt, H. (2004). Predictors of plasma zinc concentrations in children with acute diarrhea. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 79(3), 451-456. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/79.3.451
• Turner, J. C., Shanks, V., Osborn, P. J., & Gower, S. M. (1987). Copper absorption in sheep. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 86(1), 147-150. doi:10.1016/0742-8413(87)90157-5
• Yatoo, M. I., Saxena, A., Deepa, P. M., Habeab, B. P., Devi, S., Jatav, R. S., & Dimri, U. (2013). Role of trace elements in animals: a review. Veterinary world, 6(12), 963. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2013.963-967
• Yones, D. A., Galal, L. A., Abdallah, A. M., & Zaghlol, K. S. (2015). Effect of enteric parasitic infection on serum trace elements and nutritional status in upper Egyptian children. Tropical parasitology, 5(1), 29. doi: 10.4103/2229-5070.145581