Innovational Trends in Apple Breeding and Cultivar Management

Year 2018, Volume: 28 Number: 2, 234 - 240, 29.06.2018

Ayşe Nilgün Atay , Ersin Atay

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.364892

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In recent years,
the release and management of cultivars have changed considerably in the world.
Increasing competition in the fruit industry makes harder of the potential and
protect of new cultivar. Thus, this paper seeks to describe the advancement of
apple breeding, the factors influenced the motivations of the industry, plant
breeders’ rights, trademarks, and understand how they have shaped the apple
industry today. In an industry that is constantly expanding, there are many
factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to succeed of new
cultivars. It is vital to understand the needs of the sector and what consumers
want and to establish a balance between them. The new cultivars must have
social, economic and ecological advantages to achieve entry into the market. At
now global management and branding are inevitable in the management of new
cultivars. Therefore, breeding programs must be quickly adapted to the
efficient and effective commercialization programs taking into account global
issues. This study may be useful in balancing potential risks by increasing
efficiency and awareness in apple breeding programs. 

Keywords

Plant breeders’ rights, Commercialization, Fruit quality, Crosssing

Elma Islahında ve Çeşit Yönetiminde Yenilikçi Eğilimler

Abstract

Son yıllarda dünyada çeşit tanıtımı ve yönetimi oldukça değişmiştir. Meyve
endüstrisinde giderek artan rekabet yeni çeşitlerin potansiyel değerini
almasını ve korumasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada, elma
ıslahındaki ilerlemeler, sektörün motivasyonunu etkileyen faktörler, ıslahçı
hakları, ticari markalar gibi konulara ışık tutmak ve bunların elma
endüstrisini nasıl şekillendirdiğini açıklamak amaçlanmıştır. Sürekli büyüyen
bir sektörde yeni çeşitlerin başarı sağlayabilmesi için dikkate alınması
gereken birçok faktör vardır. Sektörün ihtiyaçlarını ve tüketicilerin
istediklerini anlamak ve bu ikisi arasındaki dengeyi kurmak hayati önem
taşımaktadır. Yeni çeşitlerin pazara girmeyi başarabilmeleri için mutlaka
sosyal, ekonomik ve ekolojik açıdan üstünlüklerinin olması gerekmektedir.
Gelinen noktada yeni çeşitlerin yönetiminde küresel yönetim ve markalaşma
kaçınılmazdır. Dolayısıyla ıslah programları küresel sorunları göz önünde
tutarak etkin ve verimli ticarileştirme planlarına hızla uyum sağlamak
durumundadır. Bu çalışmanın elma ıslah programlarında etkinliği ve bilinci
arttırarak, potansiyel risklerin dengelenmesinde faydalı olabileceği
düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Bitki ıslahçı hakları, Ticarileştirme, Meyve kalitesi, Melezleme

References

• Anonymous (2011). Developing future apple varieties - unit plan https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/882-developing-future-apple-varieties-unit-plan (Erişim tarihi: 05.12.2017).
• Anonymous (2015). Assessment of B.C. apple & sweet cherry varieties. A report by Globalwise, Inc. & Belrose Inc. for British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture.
• Anonymous (2017). Australian pome fruit improvement program (APFIP). http://apal.org.au/industry-info/apfip/ (Erişim tarihi: 05.12.2017).
• Atay A N, Atay E, Koyuncu F (2010). Dünya elma ıslah programlarına genel bir bakış. Bahçe, 39 (1): 31-44.
• Atay A N, Atay E, Özongun Ş, Seymen T (2016). Yeni ümitvar elma genotiplerinde muhafaza süresince meyve kalitesindeki değişimler. International Academic Research Congress: 804-810. November 3-5, 2016, Antalya.
• Brown S K, Maloney K E (2009). Making sense of new apple varieties, trademarks and clubs: current status. NY Fruit Quarterly 17(3): 9-12.
• Brown S K, Maloney K E (2013). An update on apple cultivars, brands and club-marketing. NY Fruit Quarterly 21(1): 3-10.
• Brown S K, Maloney KE (2015). Apple breeding, genetics and genomics. NY Fruit Quarterly 23(3): 5-8.
• Byrne D H (2012). Trends in fruit breeding. In: Badenes M L, Byrne D H (eds), Fruit breeding. Handbook of plant breeding. Springer, US. p.3–36, doi:10.1007/978-1- 4419-0763-9_1.
• Clark J R, Jondle R (2008). Intellectual property rights for fruit crops. In: Hancock J F (ed), Temperate fruit crop breeding. Springer, Netherlands. p. 439–455, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6907-9_14.
• Clark J R, Aust A B, Jondle R, (2012). Intellectual property protection and marketing of new fruit cultivars. Badenes M L, Byrne D H (eds), Fruit Breeding, Handbook of Plant Breeding 8, 69-96. Springer, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_3.
• Cripps J E L, Richards L A, Mairata A M (1993). ‘Pink Lady’ apple. HortScience 28:1057.
• El-Ramady H R, Domokos-Szabolcsy É, Abdalla N A, Taha H S, Fári M (2015). Postharvest management of fruits and vegetables storage. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 15: 65–152, Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09132-7_2.
• Evans K (2013). Apple breeding in the Pacific Northwest. Acta Horticulturae 976: 75-78. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.976.6.
• Hancock J F, Luby J J, Brown S K, Lobos G A (2008). Apples. In: Hancock J F(ed), Temperate fruit crop breeding: Germplasm to Genomics. Springer, Netherlands. p. 1–37. doi:10.1007/978- 1-4020-6907-9.
• Heisey P W, Srinivasan C S, Thirtle C (2001) Public sector plant breeding in a privatizing world. Resource Economics Division, Economic Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 72.
• Jondle R J, Hill K K, Sanny T (2015). Current legal issues in intellectual property rights and protection for crop plants. Crop Sci. 55: 2496-2503. doi:10.2135/cropsci2014.10.0693.
• Kumar S, Volz R K, Chagné D, Gardiner S (2014). Breeding for apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) fruit quality traits in the genomics era. In: Tuberosa R, Graner A, Frison E (eds), Genomics of plant genetic resources.Springer, Netherlands. p. 387–416. doi:10.1007/978-94- 007-7575-6_16.
• Langford G (2008). What are you prepared to invest in new varieties? IFTA Conference Visalia, California. USA
• Legun K A (2015). Club apples: a biology of markets built on the social life of variety, Economy and Society, 44:2, 293-315, DOI:10.1080/03085147.2015.1013743.
• Lespinasse Y (2009.) Review of pome fruit breeding in Europe: Which strategies for the near future? Acta Hort. 814, 865–871.
• Luby J (2011). Challenges and opportunities of breeding for consumer preferences in apple and grape. www.appliedplantsciences.umn.edu/prod/.../cfans_content_324270.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 10.05. 2012).
• Luby J J, Bedford D S (2015). Cultivars as consumer brands: Trends in protecting and commercializing apple cultivars via intellectual property rights Crop Sci. 55: 2504–2510. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2014.10.0684.
• Macduff J, Macduff C (2016). A new apple breeding programme in the Ystwyth Valley, West Wales. https://www.yvapplebreeders.com/ (Erişim tarihi: 05.12.2017).
• O’Rourke D (2003). World production, trade, consumption and economic outlook for apples. In: Ferree D C, Warrington I J (eds.) Apples: botany, production, and uses. CABI publishing, CAB international, UK. p: 15-28.
• Özbek S (1971). Bağ-bahçe bitkilerinin ıslahı. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları: 419, Ankara.
• Pereira-Lorenzo S, Ramos-Cabrer A M, Fischer M (2009). Breeding apple (Malus Domestica Borkh). Jain S M, Priyadarshan P M (eds.), Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species, 33-81. Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71203-1_2.
• Schmidt H, van de Weg W E (2005). Breeding. Tromp J, Webster A D, Wertheim S J (eds). Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Leiden, The Netherlands, p. 136-155.
• Volz R (2011). Breeding a new apple cultivar. https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/844-breeding-a-new-apple-cultivar (Erişim tarihi: 05.12.2017)
• Watkins C B (2003). Principles and practices of postharvest handling and stress. In: Ferree D C, Warrington (eds) Apples: botany, production, and uses. CABI publishing, CAB international, UK. p: 585-614.
• Weber M (2017). Apple brands - factors of success. http://apal.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Apple-brands-factors-of-success-Michael-Weber.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 05.12.2017)
• Webster A D (2005). Seed (generative/sexual) propagation of fruit trees and juvenility. Tromp J, Webster A D, Wertheim S J (eds.). Fundamentals of temperate zone tree fruit production. Leiden, The Netherlands, p. 84-92.
• Wilton J (2017). Pros and cons of club varieties. Australian Fruitgrower, 11(4): 24-27.