Responses of Apple Plants to Salinity Stress

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 253 - 257, 28.06.2019

Servet Aras , Ahmet Eşitken

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.494677

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Salt stress is a common agricultural problem that
affects both quantity and quality of fruit crops. Responses of rootstocks
against salinity possess importance due to demonstrating stress tolerance.
Little is known about the early responses of apple plants to short term
salinity. In our study, we investigated the physiological responses of an apple
plant cv Fuji grafted onto M9 and MM106 rootstocks against 35 mM NaCl stress.
After 1 month, salt-treated plants exhibited decreased chlorophyll content
(SPAD). Salt stress decreased stomatal conductance values of Fuji/M9 and
Fuji/MM106 by 17.0 and 30.1%, respectively when compared with own control.
Membrane permeability decreased by 21.3 and 22.0% in salt-treated Fuji/M9 and
Fuji/MM106, respectively compared with own control. Reduction due to salt
stress in SPAD value, stomatal conductance and leaf relative water content and
increase in leaf temperature and membrane permeability were greater in
Fuji/MM106 than in Fuji/M9, suggesting that under short term salinity toxic
effects of  NaCl were less in Fuji/M9.

Keywords

Rootstock, Malus, Response, Salinity

Elma Bitkilerinin Tuz Stresine Tepkileri

Abstract

Tuz
stresi meyve verim ve kalitesini etkileyen önemli bir tarım sorunudur.
Tuzluluğa karşı anaçların tepkisi strese karşı toleransı sergilediğinden dolayı
büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Elma bitkisinin kısa dönemli tuzluluğa etkileri
hakkında fazla bir bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, M9 ve MM106 anaçlarına
aşılı Fuji elma çeşidinin 35 mM NaCl stresine verdiği fizyolojik tepkiler
araştırılmıştır. Bir ay sonra, tuz uygulanan bitkilerde düşük klorofil içeriği
(SPAD) görülmüştür. Tuz stresi stoma iletkenliğini Fuji/M9 ve Fuji/MM106’ da
kontrol bitkilerine kıyasla sırasıyla % 17.0 ve 30.1 oranında azaltmıştır.
Membran geçirgenliği tuz uygulanan Fuji/M9 ve Fuji/MM106’ da kontrol
bitkilerine kıyasla sırasıyla % 21.3 ve 22.0 oranında azalmıştır. Tuz
stresinden dolayı SPAD değerinde, stoma iletkenliğinde ve yaprak oransal su
içeriğinde azalma ve yaprak sıcaklığı ve membran geçirgenliğindeki artış
Fuji/M9’ a kıyasla Fuji/MM106’ da daha yüksek görülmüş olup, kısa dönemli
tuzluluğun toksik etkileri Fuji/M9’da daha az görülmüştür.

Keywords

Malus, Anaç, Tepki, Tuzluluk

References

• Akçay D, Eşitken A (2017). MM106 anacı ve üzerine aşılı Golden Delicious elma çeşidine tuz stresinin etkileri. Selçuk Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2): 228-232.
• Aras S, Arslan E, Esitken A (2015). Biochemical and physiological responses of lemon plant under salt stress. 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 30 September–3 October 2015, Konya.
• Aras S, Eşitken A (2018). Physiological responses of cherry rootstocks to short term salinity. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 60: 161-164.
• Bressan R A, Nelson D E, Iraki N M, LaRosa P C, Singh N K, Hasegawa P M, Carpita N C (1990). Reduced cell expansion and changes in cell walls of plant cells adapted to NaCl. In: Katterman, F. (Ed.), Environmental Injury to Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, pp: 137–171.
• Dalil B, Ghassemi-Golezani K (2012). Changes in leaf temperature and grain yield of maize under different levels of irrigation. Research on Crops, 13 (2): 481-485.
• El-Desouky S A, Atawia A A R (1998). Growth performance of some citrus rootstocks under saline conditions. Alexandria Journal of Agricultural Research, 43: 231–254.
• Flowers T J, Colmer T D (2008). Salinity tolerance in halophytes. New Phytol. 179: 945–963.
• Fu M, Li C, Ma F (2013). Physiological responses and tolerance to NaCl stress in different biotypes of Malus prunifolia. Euphytica, 189: 101-109.
• Garriga M, Muñoz C A, Caligari P D, Retamales J B (2015). Effect of salt stress on genotypes of commercial (Fragaria X ananassa) and Chilean strawberry (F. chiloensis). Sci. Hort. 195: 37-47.
• Koc A, Balci G, Erturk Y, Dinler B S, Keles H, Bakoğlu N (2016a). Farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarının ve uygulamaların çilek gelişimi üzerine etkileri. Journal of Ataturk Central Horticultural Research Institute, 45: 468-473.
• Koc A, Balci G, Erturk Y, Keles H, Bakoglu N, Ercisli S (2016b). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on proline, membrane permeability and growth of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) under salt stress. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual. 89: 89-97.
• Koyro H W (2006). Effect of Salinity on growth, photosynthesis, water relations and solute composition of the potential cash crop halophyte Plantago coronopus (L.). Environ. Exp. Bot. 56: 136–146.
• Lutts S, Kinet J M, Bouharmont J (1996). NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance. Ann. Bot. 78: 389-398.Maas E V (1986). Salt tolerance in plants. App. Plant Sci. 1: 12–26.
• Massai R, Remorini D, Tattini M (2004). Gas exchange, water relations and osmotic adjustment in two scion/rootstock combinations of Prunus under various salinity concentrations. Plant Soil, 259 (1-2): 153-162.
• Murkute A, Sharma S, Singh S (2006). Studies on salt stress tolerance of citrus rootstock genotypes with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. HortScience, 33: 70-76.
• Najafian S H, Rahemi M, Tavallali V (2008). Effect of salinity on tolerance of two bitter almond rootstock. Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 3: 264-268.
• Parihar P, Singh S, Singh R, Singh V P, Prasad S M (2015). Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 22: 4056–4075.
• Smart R E, Bingham G E (1974). Rapid estimates of relative water content. J. Plant Physiol. 53: 258-260.
• Tavallali V, Rahemi M, Panahi B (2008). Calcium induces salinity tolerance in pistachio rootstocks. Fruits, 63: 285-296.
• Yin R, Bai T, Ma F, Wang X, Li Y, Yue Z (2010). Physiological responses and relative tolerance by chinese apple rootstocks to NaCl stress. Sci. Hort. 126: 247-252.
• Zhu Z, Chen J, Zheng H L (2012). Physiological and proteomic characterization of salt tolerance in a mangrove plant, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. Tree Physiol. 32(11): 1378-1388.
• Zrig A, Tounekti T, Vadel AM, BenMohamed H, Valero D, Serrano M, Chtara C, Khemira H (2011). Possible involvement of polyphenols and polyamines in salt tolerance of almond rootstocks. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 49: 1313–1320.