Pollen and Physicochemical Analysis of Honey Samples from Akçakoca and Yığılca District (Western Black Sea)

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 576 - 586, 15.09.2021

Bahar Gurdal , Sefa Sönmez

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.916781

Abstract

Turkey, with its rich flora and high endemism proportion in a temperate zone, is highly favorable for beekeeping. In the studied area, two honeybees are present: Apis mellifera anatoliaca and the Yığılca local honeybee, which has been determined as local ecotype of anatoliaca in the Black Sea region. The main objective of this study was to determine the botanical sources of honey samples, which are produced by these two honeybees, from Akçakoca and Yığılca district. Chestnut and mad honey samples were obtained from local beekeepers. Pollen types in the honey samples were identified and determined the frequency classes. Castanea sativa was identified as the predominant pollen among the honey samples of Anatolian honeybee; these samples were classified as monofloral honey. Besides, Rhododendron ponticum and Lysimachia verticillaris pollens were found to be the important minor pollens in the mad honey samples of Anatolian honeybee. Mad honey samples from the Yığılca local honeybee were a multifloral honey and included Rhododendron ponticum and five other pollens as important minor pollen. In addition, physicochemical analyses were also performed. The honey samples gathered from the Yığılca district were deemed acceptable. On the other hand, the honey samples from the Akçakoca district were found acceptable except for moisture content. Also, 104 plant specimens were collected around beehives and 54 taxa were reported as melliferous plants. The Sorensen similarity coefficient, calculating among the melliferous plants of two localities (Akçakoca and Yığılca), was 51.85%. Diversity of melliferous plants was also higher in Yığılca than in Akçakoca.

Keywords

Apis mellifera, Düzce, Melissopalynology, Yığılca local honey bee

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A

Thanks

We would like to thank local beekeepers who helped us for providing honey samples during our fieldwork. This work was supported by TÜBİTAK 2209-A.

Akçakoca ve Yığılca İlçelerinden (Batı Karadeniz) Bal Örneklerinin Polen ve Fizikokimyasal Analizi

Abstract

Türkiye, ılıman bölgede zengin bitki örtüsü ve yüksek endemizm oranı ile arıcılık için oldukça elverişlidir. Çalışma alanında Apis mellifera anatoliaca ve Karadeniz bölgesinde anatoliaca’nın ekotipi olarak belirlenen Yığılca lokal bal arısı olmak üzere iki bal arısı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Akçakoca ve Yığılca’dan alınan bu iki bal arısına ait balların botanik kaynaklarını belirlemektir. Kestane ve deli bal örnekleri yerel arıcılardan temin edilmiştir. Bal örneklerindeki polen türleri belirlenmiş ve frekans sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Castanea sativa, Anadolu bal arısı kestane ve deli bal örnekleri arasında baskın polen olarak belirlenmiştir; bu örnekler monofloral bal olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Ayrıca Anadolu bal arısı deli bal örneklerinde Rhododendron ponticum ve Lysimachia verticillaris polenleri önemli minör polenler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yığılca lokal bal arısından elde edilen deli bal örnekleri, multifloral baldır ve önemli minör polen olarak Rhododendron ponticum ve diğer beş türün polenini içermektedir. Ayrıca fizikokimyasal analizleri de yapılmıştır. Yığılca ilçesinden toplanan bal örneklerinde değerler kabul edilen sınırlar içindedir. Öte yandan Akçakoca ilçesinden alınan bal numunelerinde, nem içeriği dışındaki değerler kabul edilebilir bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, arı kovanlarının etrafında 104 bitki örneği toplanmış ve 54 takson ballı bitki olarak belirlenmiştir. İki ilçenin (Akçakoca ve Yığılca) ballı bitkileri arasında hesaplanan Sorensen benzerlik katsayısı % 51.85 olarak bulunmuştur. Yığılca ilçesinde ballı bitki çeşitliliği de Akçakoca ilçesine göre daha fazladır.

Keywords

Apis mellifera, Düzce, Melissopalinoloji, Yığılca lokal balarısı

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A

References

• Adam, B. (1983). In search of best strains of honeybees. Northern Bee Books, West Yorkshire.
• Akçakoca Municipality. (1999). Geographical structure. http://www.akcakoca.bel.tr/akcakoca/cografi-yapi/ (Accessed: 02.11.2020).
• Altay, V., Karahan, P., Karahan, F., & Öztürk, M. (2018). Pollen analysis of honeys from Hatay/Turkey. Biodicon 11(3), 209-222.
• Bozbeyoglu, N., Arslan, S., Guvensen, A., & Mercan Dogan, N. (2019). Bacteriological, physicochemical, and melissopalynologic properties of some Turkish honeys. Akademik Gıda, 17(2), 167-175.
• Çakır, Y., Çobanoğlu, D. N., Dervişoğlu, G., Koçyiğit, S., Karahan, D., & Yelkovan, S. (2020). Determination of antimicrobial activity, palynological characteristics and chemical composition of some honey samples from Turkey. Mellifera, 20(1), 41-60.
• Cenet, M. (2019). Pollen analyses and antimicrobial properties of the natural honey from the east mediterranean part of Anatolia. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 51(2), 541-548.
• Davis, P. H. (Ed.) (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vols. 1–9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• Derebaşı, E., Bulut, G., Col, M., Güney, F., Yaşar, N., & Ertürk, Ö. (2014). Physicochemical and residue analysis of honey from Black Sea region of Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(1), 10-17.
• Di Marco, G., Manfredini, A., Leonardi, D., Canuti, L., Impei, S., Gismondi, A., & Canini, A. (2017). Geographical, botanical and chemical profile of monofloral Italian honeys as food quality guarantee and territory brand. Plant Biosystems, 151(3), 450-463.
• Düzce Municipality. http://www.duzce.bel.tr/ (Accessed: 09.11.2020).
• Ecem Bayram, N., Yüzer, M. O., & Bayram, S. (2019). Melissopalynology analysis, physicochemical properties, multi-element content and antimicrobial activity of honey samples collected from Bayburt, Turkey. Uludag Bee Journal, 19(2), 161-176.
• FAO. Live Animals, 2016. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA (Accessed: 04.04.2020).
• Gencay Celemli, O. (2020). Classification of Turkish honeys from Aydın-Karacasu-Dikmen village based on melissopalynological parameters. Communications Faculty of Sciences University of Ankara Series C Biology, 29(1), 105-118.
• Gencay Celemli, O., Ozenirler, C., Ecem Bayram, N., Zare, G., & Sorkun, K. (2018). Melissopalynological analysis for geographical marking of Kars honey. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 24(1), 53-59. Gösterit, A., Kekeçoğlu, M., & Çikili, Y. (2012). Comparison of some performance traits of Yıgılca local honey bee with Caucasian and Anatolian crosses. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, 7(1), 107-114.
• Gül, A., & Pehlivan, T. (2018). Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25, 1056-1065.
• Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Başer, K. H. C. (Eds) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
• Gürbüz, S., Gençay Çelemli, Ö., Özenirler, Ç., Mayda, N., Özkök, A., & Sorkun, K. (2019). Melissopalnological analysis of honey samples collected from Şırnak city. Uludag Bee Journal, 19(2), 126-135.
• Gürbüz, S., Özenirler, Ç., Mayda, N., Gençay Çelemli, Ö., & Özkök, A. (2019). Pollen spectrum of some honey samples produced in Siirt-Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 47(3), 295-303.
• Halbritter, H., Werber, M., Zetter, R., Frosch-Radivo, A., Buchner, R., & Hesse, M. (2010). Illustrated handbook on pollen terminology. PalDat, Vienna.
• Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Weber, M., Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A., Ulrich, S., & Zetter, R. (2009). Pollen terminology, An illustrated handbook. SpringerWienNewYork, Vienna.
• Kambur, M., Kekeçoğlu, M., & Yıldız, İ. (2015). Assesment of the honey samples produced in Yığılca district of Düzce city by using chemical and palynological analysis. Uludag Bee Journal, 15(2), 67-79.
• Kandemir, I., Kence, M., & Kence, A. (2000). Genetic and morphometric variation in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations of Turkey. Apidologie, 31(3), 343-356.
• Kaya, Z., Binzet, R., & Orcan, N. (2005). Pollen analyses of honeys from some regions in Turkey. Apiacta, 40, 10-15.
• Kekecoğlu, M. (2010). Honey bee biodiversity in Western Black Sea and evidence for a new honey bee ecotype in Yığılca provinces of Düzce city. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(1), 73-78.
• Kekecoglu, M., & Goc-Rasgele, P. (2013). Physico-chemical analyses of Turkish honey samples. Food Analysis, 24(1), 38-41.
• Kekecoglu, M., & Soysal, M. I. (2010). Genetic diversity of bee ecotypes in Turkey and evidence for geographical differences. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15(5), 5646-5653.
• Kılıç, F., & Bilgen, G. (2006). Enzyme polymorphism in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Izmir province. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 43(1), 75-84.
• Kızılpınar Temizer, İ., Güder, A., & Türkmen, Z. (2019). Assessment of palynological characterization and total phenol-flavonoid content of some honeys from Ordu in Turkey. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(3), 1275-1282.
• Louveaux, J., Maurizio, A., & Vorwohl, G. (1978). Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World, 59(4), 139-157.
• Mayda, N., Özkök, A., & Sorkun, K. (2018). Some characteristic properties of chestnut and Rhododendron honeys in Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 46(1), 135-145.
• Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (2012). Turkish food codex communiqué on honey. Official Gazette. 28366. Moraes, F. J., Garcia, R. C., Galhardo, D., Camargo, S. C., Pires, B. G., Pereira, D. J., & de Sousa, P. H. A. A. (2019). Pollen analysis of honey samples produced in the counties of Santa Helena and Terra Roxa, western Region of Paraná, Southern Brazil. Sociobiology, 66(2), 327-338.
• Özenirler, Ç., Mayda, N., Gençay Çelemli, Ö., Özkök, A., & Sorkun, K. (2018). Dandelion honey: a new monofloral honey record for Turkey. Uludag Bee Journal, 18(2), 87-93.
• Ozkok, A., Ozenırler, C., Canlı, D., Mayda, N., & Sorkun, K. (2018). Monofloral features of Turkish honeys according to melissopalynologic, total phenolic and total flavonoid content. Gazi University Journal of Science, 31(3), 713-723.
• Özler, H. (2018). Pollen analysis of the honey from south Anatolia. Uludag Bee Journal, 18(2), 73-86.
• Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-V, Berlin Heidelberg.
• Silici, S., & Gökceoglu, M. (2007). Pollen analysis of honeys from Mediterranean region of Anatolia. Grana, 46(1), 57-64.
• Sorkun, K. (2008). Turkey's nectar plants, pollen and honey. Palme, Ankara.
• Sorkun, K., Gençay Çelemli, Ö., Özenirler, Ç., Bayram, N. E., & Güzel, F. (2014). Palynological investigation of honey produced in Ardahan-Turkey. Bee World, 91(3), 80-83.
• The Council of the European Union. (2002). Council Directive 2001/110/EC of 20 December 2001 relating to honey. Official Journal of the European Communities.
• TUIK. Livestock statistic database. (2019). https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/ hayvancilikapp/hayvancilik.zul (Accessed: 04.042020).
• Wodehouse, R. P. (1935). Pollen Grains. Mc Grew Hill, New York.
• Yıgılca Department of Forestry. https://boluobm.ogm.gov.tr/YigilcaOIM/ Sayfalar/default.aspx (Accessed: 09.11.2019). Yıgılca Municipality. http://www.yigilca.bel.tr/ (Accessed: 10.03.2020).