The Effects of Some Dormancy Breaking Treatments and Temperature on Seed Vigor of Gum Tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Labill.)

Year 2022, Volume: 32 Issue: 2, 266 - 279, 30.06.2022

Gülüm Gürel Bilal Keskin , Süleyman Temel

https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.1026792

Cited By: 1

Abstract

This research was carried out to determine the effects of germination temperature and 12 dormancy breaking applications on the germination of the seeds of the gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Labill.) bush. The research was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory, Iğdır University Faculty of Agriculture, in 2019. Gum tragacanth seeds were germinated for 28 days in the dark at constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C and variable temperatures of 20/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/10 °C, and 25/15 °C. As a result of the research, the highest total germination rate was determined at 10.7% at 25/10 °C and 25/15 °C temperatures. It was determined that there was 89.3% dormancy in gum tragacanth seeds. Then, 12 dormancy breaking methods (matrix priming, hydro priming, gibberellic acid (GA3, potassium nitrate, cold, moist stratification, warm moist stratification, warm+cold moist stratification, cold+warm moist stratification, cold water, hot water, mechanical scarification, and chemical scarification) were applied. After dormancy breaking applications were made, the seeds were germinated again at 25/15 °C. At the end of the study, it was revealed that the highest total germination percentage with 50.7% was obtained from the application of hot water for 2 minutes. On the other hand, it was determined that matric priming, hydro priming, gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, cold, moist stratification, warm moist stratification, cold+warm moist stratification, mechanical scarification, and chemical scarification applications did not have any effect on removing the dormancy status of gum tragacanth seeds.

Keywords

Astragalus gummifer, Dormancy breaking, Germination, Seed dormancy, Temperature

Supporting Institution

Iğdır Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

2019-FBE-L07

Thanks

This research was carried out with the support of Iğdır University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit as project numbered 2019-FBE-L07.

Bazı Dormansi Kırma Uygulamalarının ve Sıcaklığın Sakız Geveni’nin (Astragalus gummifer Labill.) Tohum Canlılığı Üzerine Etkileri

Abstract

Bu araştırma, sakız geveni (Astragalus gummifer labill.) çalısının tohumlarının çimlenmesine çimlenme sıcaklığı ve 12 dormansi kırma uygulamasının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 2019 yılında Iğdır Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sakız geveni tohumları karanlıkta 10, 15, 20 ve 25 °C sabit ve 20/10 °C, 20/15 °C, 25/10 °C ve 25/15 °C değişken sıcaklıklarda 28 gün süreyle çimlendirilmiştir.. Araştırma sonucunda en yüksek toplam çimlenme oranı %10,7 ile 25/10 °C ve 25/15 °C sıcaklıklarda tespit edilmiştir. Astragalus gummifer tohumlarında %89.3 dormansi olduğu belirlendi. Daha sonra 12 dormansi kırma yöntemi (matris priming, hidro priming, giberellik asit (GA3)), potasyum nitrat, soğuk nemli katlama, ılık katlama, sıcak+soğuk nemli katlama, soğuk+ılık nemli katlama, soğuk su, sıcak su, mekanik aşındırma ve kimyasal aşındırma) uygulandı. Dormansi kırma uygulamaları yapıldıktan sonra tohumlar tekrar 25/15 °C'de çimlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda en yüksek toplam çimlenme yüzdesinin %50,7 ile 2 dakika sıcak su uygulamasından elde edildiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Öte yandan, matris priming, hidro priming, giberellik asit, potasyum nitrat, soğuk nemli katlama, ılık nemli katlama, soğuk+ılık nemli katlama, mekanik aşındırma ve kimyasal aşındırma uygulamalarının dormansinin giderilmesinde etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi.

Keywords

Astragalus gummifer, Dormansi kırma, Çimlenme, Tohum dormansi, Sıcaklık

Project Number

2019-FBE-L07

References

• Abd Kadir, SL., Yaakob, H., & Mohamed Zulkifli, R. (2013). Potential anti‑dengue medicinal plants: A review. Journal of Natural Medicines 67, 677‑689.
• Abudurehman, B., Liu, H., Zhand, D., & Guan, K. (2014). Identification of physical dormancy and dormancy release patterns in several species (Fabaceae) of the cold desert, north-west China. Seed Science Research 24, 133–145.
• Açıkgöz, M.A., & Kara, Ş.M. (2019). Effect of Various Pretreatments on Germination of Turkish Endemic Achillea gypsicola Hub.-Mor. Species under In Vivo and In Vitro Conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 9(4), 2321-2329.
• Agh, K., Esmaeili, M.M., Hossinimoghaddam, H., & Mostafalo, H. (2017). The effect of different treatments on seed dormancy and germination of Astragalus podolobus. Nova Biologica Reperta 4, 147-154.
• Agrawal, P.K., & Dadlani, M. (1995). Techniques in seed science and technology. second edition. South Asian Publishers Limited, India
• Akkurt, M., Keskin, N., Shidfar, M., & Çakır, A. (2013). Effects of some treatments prior to stratification on germination in Kalecik Karası (Vitis vinifera L.) seeds. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 3(4), 9-13.
• Albrecht, M.A., & Penagos, Z.J.C. (2012). Seed germination ecology of three imperiled plants of rock outcrops in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 139(1), 86-95.
• Arbabian, S., Moghanloo, M., & Majd, A. (2009). Seed dormancy breakage methods in the endangered species Astragalus fridae Rech. The Quarterly Journal of Biological Sciences 2(4), 45-50.
• Avşar, D.M., & Ok, T. (2009). Some fruit and seed characteristics of Kadıncık shrub (Flueggea anatolica Gemici) population in the Tarsus region. Mersin. Faculty of Forestry Journal Süleyman Demirel University A (1), 1-7.
• Bacchetta, G., Fenu, G., Mattana, E., & Pontecorvo, C. (2011). Ecological remarks on Astragalus maritimus and A. verrucosus, two threatened exclusive endemic species of Sardinia. Acta Botanica Gallica 158(1), 79-91.
• Bagheri, S.M., Keyhani, L., Heydari, M., & Dashti, R.M.H. (2015). Antinociceptive activity of Astragalus gummifer gum (gum tragacanth) through the adrenergic system: A in vivo study in mice. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine 6(1), 19-23.
• Budge, C., Carryer, J., & Boddy, J. (2012). Learning from people with chronic pain: Messages for primary care practitioners. Journal of Primary Health Care 4(4), 306‑312.
• Cavieres, L.A., & Almedia, A.S. (2018). Assessing the importance of cold-stratification for seed germination in alpine plant species of the high-andes of central chile. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 30, 125–131.
• Çolak, Ö.F. (2011). Investigation of dormancy breaking methods in Saponaria halophila Hedge & Hub. - Mor. Seeds. Selcuk University Institute of Science, Master's thesis.
• Demir, U., & Keskin, B. (2016). Determination of changes occurring annual nutritional contents of gum tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer L.). Journal of the Institute Science and Technology 6(4), 121-125.
• Dilaver, Z., Mirzapour, M., & Kendir, H. (2017). Breaking seed dormancy and micropropagation of perennial vulneraria milkvetch (Astragalus vulnerariae DC.). Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 16(4), 79–88.
• Dinç, M., Aytaç, Z., & Doğu, S. (2013). A new species of Astragalus (Fabaceae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37, 841-846.
• Dziurka, K., Skrzypek, E., & Dubert, F. (2019). Breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. Polish Botanical Society 88(1), 3617.
• Eisvand, H.R., Arefi, H.M., & Afshari, R.T. (2006). Effects of various treatments on breaking seed dormancy of Astragalus siliquosus. Seed Science and Technology 34, 747-752.
• Erken, S., & Kaleci, N. (2010). Determination of germination characteristics of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea subsp. symphyandra) seeds under controlled conditions. Bahçe 39 (2), 17-26.
• Erken, K., Erken, S., Gülbağ, F., & Özzambak, M.E. (2014). The effects of different sowing time and pre-treatments on seedling emergence in Chamaecytisus pygmaeus (Wild.) Rothm. Turkey 5th Seed Congress withInternational Participation Diyarbakır, pp: 615-619.
• Erkul, S.K., & Aytaç. Z. (2013). Astragalus yukselii (Leguminosae), a new species from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Botany 37, 836–840.
• Fateh, E., Majnoun, H.N., Madah, A.H., & Sharifzadeh, F. (2006). Seed dormancy methods breakage ın Astragalus trıbuloıdes. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 13(4), 345-360.
• Gökçöl, A., &Duman, İ. (2018). Determination of the effects of different seed treatments to improve the germination of Caper seeds. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University 55(4), 433-440.
• Isavand, H.R., Madah, A.H., & Tavakol, A.R. (2005). Study of dormancy breakage and germination in seeds of Astragalus siliquosus. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests Plant Breeding and Genetic Research 13, 67-84.
• ISTA, 2017. International seed testing association. ınternational rules for seed testing, Zurich, Switzerland. Journal of Ethnopharmaco. 96, 71-77.
• İkram, R.M., Tanveer, A., Ata, Z., & Saqib, M. (2014). Dormancy studies on Euphorbia dracunculoides and Astragalus spp.: major weeds of arid areas. Planta Daninha 32(4), 747-753.
• Jaganathan, G.K., Li, J., Biddick, M., Han, K., Song, D., Yang, Y., Han, Y., & Liu, B. (2019). Mechanisms underpinning the onset of seed coat impermeability and dormancy-break in Astragalus adsurgens. Scientific Reports 9, Article number 9695, 1-10.
• Jones, T.A., Johnson, D.A., Bushman, B.S., Connors, K.J., & Smith, R.C. (2016). Seed dormancy mechanisms in Basalt Milkvetch and Western Prairie Clover. Rangeland Ecology and Management 69, 117-122.
• Keshtkar, A.R., Keshtkar, H.R., Razavi, S.M., & Dalfardi, S. (2008). Methods to break seed dormancy of Astragalus cyclophyllon. African Journal of Biotechnology 7(21), 3874-3877.
• Keskin, B., & Temel, S. (2019). Changes in monthly macro-mineral content of the gum tragacanth (Astragallus gummifer L.) for the nutrition of ruminants. Umteb 6. International Vocational and Technical Sciences Congress, 11-12 April 2019, Iğdır-Türkiye. pp: 254-260, ISBN – 978-605-7875-36-5.
• Khan, I.A., Abourashed, E.A. (2010). Leung’s encyclopedıa of common natural ıngredıents used ın food, drugs, and cosmetıcs third edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, ISBN 978-0-471-46743-4.
• Kheloufi, A., Mansouri, L.M., Bouafia, B., Khamari, Y., Kheloufi, H., & Bouguern, Y. (2018). Morphological characteristics and seed germination improvement of two ecotypes of Astragalus armatus willd. subsp. armatus in Algerıa. Cercetări Agronomice in Moldova 51(4), 96-107.
• Kırmızı, S. (2017). Dormancy and germination requirements of five species from Brassicaceae. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 7(2): 21-29.
• Kildisheva, O.A., Erickson, T.E., Merritt, D.J., Madsen, M.D., Dixon, K.W., Vargas, J., Amarteifio, R., & Kramer, A.T. (2018). Do abrasion- or temperature-based techniques more effectively relieve physical dormancy in seeds of cold desert perennials?. Rangeland Ecology and Management 71(3), 318-322.
• Kim, S.Y., Oh, S.H., Hwang, W.H., Kim, S.M., Choi, K.J., & Kang, H.W. (2008). Physical dormancy in seeds of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) from Korea. Korean Journal of Crop Science 53, 421-426.
• Kondo, T., & Takeuchi, S. (2004), Breaking seed dormancy and growth after germination of Astragalus adsurgens (Leguminosae), a rare species in Hokkaido. Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 29(4), 495-502.
• Lagha, G.M., Hekmatshear, H., & Ferahvash, F. (2001). The correlation of temperature and salinity variations on seed germination of two Atriplex species of Azarbaijan. Journal of Agrıcultural Sceınces 6(4), 33-46.
• Lee, K.C., Chiu, T.T., & Lam, T.H. (2007). The role of fear‑avoidance beliefs in patients with neck pain: Relationships with current and future disability and work capacity. Clinical Rehabilitation 21, 812‑821.
• Long, Y., Tan, D.Y., Baskin, C.C., & Baskin, J.M. (2012). Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of Astragalus arpilobus (Fabaceae, subfamily Papilionoideae), a central Asian desert annual ephemeral. South African Journal of Botany 83, 68-77.
• Miklas, P.N., Townsend, C.E., & Ladd, S.L. (1987). Seed coat anatomy and the scarification of Cicer Milkvetch seed. Crop Science 27, 766-772.
• Molnár, V.A., Sonkoly, J., Lovas-Kiss, Á., Fekete, R., Takács, A., Somlyay, L., & Török, P. (2015). Seed of the threatened annual legume, Astragalus contortuplicatus, can survive over 130 years of dry storage. Preslia 87, 319-328.
• Moradi, A., Ghanbari, A., Rashad Mohassel, M.H., & Izadi Darbandi, E. (2016). Investigations on the cardinal temperatures for germination of Alhaji pseudalhagi. Journal of Plant Protection 29(2), 283-290.
• Obalı, A. (2009). Researches on the germination biology of Russian Thistle (Salsola kali subsp. ruthenica (Iljin) Soo.) seeds. Selcuk University Institute of Science, Master Thesis, Konya.
• Okay, Y., & Günöz, A. (2009). The Effects of Some Applications on Seed Germination of Endemic Centaurea tchihatcheffii Fisch. et Mey. in Gölbaşı Province. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 15(2), 119-126.
• Onursal, C.E., & Gözlekçi, Ş. (2007). The Effects of Some Pre-Sowing Treatments on Seed Germination Percentage and Duration of Sandal Wood (Arbutus andrachne L.) Trees. Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 20(2), 211-218.
• Özden, E., Kapçak, D., Memiş, N., & Demir, İ. (2018a). The effects of priming altered in relation to initial seed quality and sowing environment in onion cultivars. The Turkey 6. Seed Congress with Internatial Participation, 10-13 September 2018, Niğde
• Ozden, E., Ermis, S., Sahin, O., Taskin, M.B., & Demir, I. (2018b). Solid matrix priming treatment with O2 enhanced quality of leek seed lots. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46(2), 371-375.
• Pandita, V.K., Ananad, A., Nagarajan, S., Seth, R., & Sinha, S.N. (2010). Solid matrix priming improves seed emergence and crop performance in okra. Seed Science and Technology, 38(3), 665-674.
• Patane, C., & Gresta, F. (2006). Germination of Astragalus hamosus and Medicago orbicularis as affected by seed-coat dormancy breaking techniques. Journal of Arid Environments 67, 165-173.
• Pearson, T. (2015). Astragalus peckii population establishment: developing protocols for seed germination, seedling cultivation, and planting. Honors Scholar thesis, Oregon State University.
• Rao, N.K., Roberts, E.H., & Ellis, R.H. (1987). The influence of pre and post-storage hydration treatments on chromosomal aberrations, seedling abnormalities, and viability of lettuce seeds. Annals of Botany 60, 97-108.
• Schnadelbach, A., Barbosa, L.V., Ruiz, C., Pita, J.M., Garcia, F.P. (2016). Dormancy breaking and germination of Adenocarpus desertorum, Astragalus gines-lopezii and Hippocrepis grosii (Fabaceae) seeds, three threatened endemic Spanish species. Seed Science and Technology 44: 1-14.
• Siles, G., Torres, J.A., Valenzuela, L.R., & Fuentes, A.G. (2016). Germination trials of annual autochthonous leguminous species of interest for planting as herbaceous cover in olive groves. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 217, 119–127.
• Statwick, J.M. (2016). Germination pretreatments to break hard-seed dormancy in Astragalus cicer L. (Fabaceae). PeerJ 4, e2621.
• Tajbakhsh, M., Ghiyasi, M., Amirnia, R., Danesh, Y.R., & Najafi, S. (2014). Studing the effects of drying and non-drying of hydroprimed of Nigella sativa seed’s germination. Turkey 5th Seed Congress withInternational Participation Diyarbakır, pp: 478-481.
• Tavili, A., Mirdashtvan, M., Alijani, R., Yousefi, M., & Zare, S. (2014). Effect of Different Treatments on Improving Seed Germination Characteristics of Astragalus adscendens and Astragalus podolobus. Journal of Rangeland Science 4(2), 110-116.
• Tilki, F. (2005). The effects of stratification, storage and temperature on the germination of Fraxınus ornus L. seeds. Anadolu University Journal of Science and Technology 6(2), 191-195.
• Zhou, J., Kulkarni, M.G., Huang, L.Q., Guo, L.P., & Staden, J.V. (2012). Effects of temperature, light, nutrients and smoke-water on seed germination and seedling growth of Astragalus membranaceus, Panax notoginseng and Magnolia officinalis — Highly traded Chinese medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany 79, 62–70.