Yaşam döngüsü analizi: teorik çerçeve ve tarıma uygulanması

Year 2023, Volume: 60 Issue: 2 - Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University Volume: 60 Issue: 2, 363 - 374, 05.07.2023

Mesut Yıldız , Ela Atış

https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.1126540

Abstract

Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi son yıllarda sıklıkla kullanılan bir araştırma yöntemidir. İlk olarak çevresel etkileri değerlendirmek için kullanılan bu yöntem, sosyal ve ekonomik etkileri de kapsamına almıştır. Bu sayede Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi, bir ürüne dair kapsamlı bir sosyal, ekonomik ve çevresel analizi, yani bir ürününün üretiminden tüketilip geri dönüşümüne kadar bütün yönlerini içeren bir analizi olanaklı kılmaktadır. Yaşam Döngüsü Analizinin tarımsal araştırmalarda kullanımı ile klasik Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Tarımsal üretim doğa koşullarına göre belirlenmekte, ürüne ve döneme göre farklılaşmaktadır. Bu yüzden tarıma yönelik yapılan bir YDA araştırmasının etki kategorilerinin ve işlevsel biriminin tarımsal koşullara uyarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Yaşam Döngüsü Analizinin ortak kavramsal çerçevesi ve tarıma uygulanışı ele alınmıştır. Yaşam Döngüsü Analizinin yöntemsel çerçevesi, çalışmalarda ortak bulunan yönleri ile incelenmiştir. Sosyal Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi de Çevresel Yaşam Döngüsü Analizinden yöntemsel farklılıkları ile araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Yöntem, tarımsal ürünlerde sürdürülebilir üretim ve tüketim stratejilerinin uygulanmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu yönüyle hem çevresel hem de sosyal boyutu içeren Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi çalışmalarının tarıma uygulanması, ilgili üretim sistemi ve/veya ürüne ilişkin karar vericilere ve politika yapıcılara, üretici ve tüketicilere çevresel etkileri hakkında geri bildirim sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

Çevresel Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi, Sosyal Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi, Tarımsal Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi

Life cycle assessment: theoretical framework and its application to agriculture

Abstract

Life Cycle Assessment is a research method that has been used frequently in recent years. This method, which was first used to assess environmental impacts, has expanded its scope in social and economic impacts. In this way, Life Cycle Assessment enables a comprehensive social, economic, and environmental analysis of a product, that is, an analysis that includes all aspects of a product from its production to consumption and recycling. Life Cycle Assessment in agricultural research has differences as compared to the classical Life Cycle Assessment. Agricultural production is determined according to natural conditions and differs according to the product and the period. Therefore, the impact categories and functional unit of a Life Cycle Assessment research on agriculture should be adapted to agricultural conditions. In this research, the common conceptual framework of Life Cycle Assessment and its application to agricultural production were examined. The methodological framework of Life Cycle Assessment was also included in the study with its methodological differences from Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. The method can contribute to the implementation of sustainable production and consumption strategies in agricultural products. In this respect, the application of Life Cycle Assessment studies to agriculture, which includes both environmental and social dimensions, will provide feedback on the environmental impacts of the relevant production system and/or product to decision makers and policy makers, producers and consumers.

Keywords

Agricultural life cycle assessment, environmental life cycle assessment, social life cycle assessment

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