First Gnathia sp. (Gnathiidae) Infestation on Labrus viridis (Labridae) in Türkiye

Yıl 2024, , 62 - 70, 01.03.2024

Kaan Kumaş , Ezgi Dinçtürk , Tevfik Tansel Tanrıkul

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1300648

Öz

Gnathiids are ectoparasites of elasmobranchs and teleosts. The adult stage of gnathiids is free-living but has a blood-sucking parasitic form called praniza larvae. Gnathiid praniza infestations have been previously reported in numerous species of fish. In the current study, Labrus viridis collected from İzmir Bay, Aegean Sea, was examined for parasite infestation. Gnathia sp. was found predominantly in the gills and mouth cavity of fish with a 58.3% prevalence. The samples were collected with fine forceps from the host and preserved in 70% ethanol and 10% formaldehyde solution for observation with a light microscope and scanning electron microscopy to identify parasites. Red and green-blue pranizas were detected, and the hindgut of pranizas showed differences depending on attachment location of the host.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aegean Sea, Gnathiid isopods, Labridae, Labrus viridis, Ectoparasites

Türkiye'de Labrus viridis (Labridae)’de İlk Gnathia sp. (Gnathiidae) Enfestasyonu

Öz

Gnathiidler, elasmobranch ve teleost balıkların ektoparazitleridir. Ergin aşamada olan Gnathiidler serbest yaşar ancak praniza larvaları adı verilen kan emici bir parazit formu bulunmaktadır. Daha önce birçok balık türünde Gnathiid praniza enfestasyonları rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Labrus viridis türüne ait balıklar Ege Denizi, İzmir körfezinden örneklenmiş ve parazit enfestasyonu açısından incelenmiştir. Balıkların solungaçlarında ve ağız boşluklarında %58,3 prevelans ile Gnathia sp. tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler ince uçlu pens kullanılarak balıktan toplanarak %70 etanol ile %10 formaldehit solüsyonlarında ışık mikroskobunda ve taramalı elektron mikroskobunda incelenmek üzere saklanmıştır. Kırmızı ve Mavi-yeşil pranizalarda, konakçı üzerinde bulundukları bölgelere göre farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ege denizi, Gnathiid izopodlar, Labridae, Labrus viridis, Ektoparazitler

Kaynakça

• Adday, T. K. & Khamees, N. R. (2022). Praniza (Isopoda: Gnathia) Parasitic on Gills of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum with Notes of its Occurrence on some Marine Fishes of Iraq. Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 35(1), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.11
• Akmırza, A. (2010). Investigation of the monogenean trematodes and crustacean parasites of cultured and wild marine fishes near Salih Island. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(Suppl-B), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2010.2605
• Akmirza, A. (2000). Seasonal distribution of parasites detected in fish belonging to the Sparidae family found near Gökçeada. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 24(4), 435-441.
• Akmirza, A. (2001). The samples from metazoon parasites detected in fish around Gökçeada. In proceedings of National Meeting of Aegean Islands in 2001. Öztürk B. & Aysel, V. (Eds.), TÜDAV publication number 7, TÜDAV, Istanbul, pp. 85-96 (in Turkish).
• Akmirza, A. (2012). Metazoan parasite fauna of conger eel (Conger conger L.) near Gökçeada, northeastern Aegean Sea, Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(5), 845-848. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2012.6624
• Akmirza, A. (2014). Metazoan parasites of brown meagre (Sciaena umbra L. 1758) caught near Gökçeada, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 38(3), 299-303. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1209-35
• Alaş, A., Öktener, A., Yılmaz, M. (2009). Gnathia sp. (Gnathiidae) Infestations on Marine Fish Species from Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(2), 201-204. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2008.96-A
• Arnal, C., Verneau, O. & Desdevises, Y. (2006). Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of cleaning behaviour in the family Labridae: importance of body colour pattern. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19(3), 755-763. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01059.x
• Bayoumy, E. M., Baghdadi, H. B. & Hassanain, M. A. (2013). New record of parasitic praniza larva of Gnathia pantherina; Smit and Basson, 2002; from Arabian Gulf greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina caught from Saudi coastal water of Dammam. Global Veterinaria, 11(4), 414-419. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.4.76137
• Brusca R.C. & Brusca, G. J. (2003). Invertebrates (2nd ed.) Sinauner Associates, Massachusetts: Sunderland, 936pp. ISBN 0-87893-097-3
• Cohen, B. F. (1994). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Gnathiidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) with descriptions of new genera and species, most from south-eastern Australia. Mem Mus Victoria, 54(2), 271-397. https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1994.54.13
• Cote, I. M. (2000). Evolution and ecology of cleaning symbioses in the sea. In R. N. Gibson, & M. Barnes (Eds.) Oceanography and Marine Biology an Annual Review: Volume 38 (pp.311-355). London, UK: Taylor & Francis. ISBN: 0-415-23842-0
• Curtis, L. M., Grutter, A. S., Smit, N. J. & Davies, A. J. (2013). Gnathia aureamaculosa, a likely definitive host of Haemogregarina balistapi and potential vector for Haemogregarina bigemina between fishes of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. International Journal for Parasitology, 43(5), 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.11.012
• Davies, A. J. & Smit, N. J. (2001). The life cycle of Haemogregarina bigemina (Adeleina: Haemogregarinidae) in South African hosts. Folia Parasitologica, 48(3), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2001.029
• Diniz, D. G., Varella, J. E., Guimarães, M. D. F., Santos, A. F., Fujimoto, R. Y., Monfort, K. C. F., Pires, M. A. B., Martins, M. A. & Eiras, J. C. (2008). A note on the occurrence of praniza larvae of Gnathiidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) on fishes from Northeast of Pará, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 80(4), 657-664. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652008000400007
• Erol, C. (2007). Kuzey Doğu Akdeniz’den Avlanan Ziber (Epinephelus costae Staindahner, 1878)’in Gnatiid Prazit Varlığı Yönünden İncelenmesi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Master thesis, 56p.
• Ferreira, M.L. (2011). Systematics and ecology of Australian and South African gnathiid, with observations on blood-inhabiting Protoza found in some of their host fishes. [PhD Thesis, University of Johannesburg].
• Geldiay, R. & Kocataş, A. (1972). Isopods collected in İzmir bay, Aegean sea. Crustaceana. Supplement, 3, 19-30.
• Genc, E. (2007). Infestation status of gnathiid isopod juveniles parasitic on Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) from the northeast Mediterranean Sea. Parasitology Research, 101(3), 761-766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0547-2
• Genc, E., Cengizler, İ., Genç, M.A., Yıldırım, Y. (2003, 02-05 Eylül). Lagos (Epinephelus aeneus) ve Orfoz (E. marginatus)’da İsopod (Gnathia sp.) İnfestasyonunun İlk Dökümanter Kaydı, XII. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu, Elazığ, Türkiye.
• Genc, E., Oral, M. & Erol, C. (2011). The evaluation of gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathidae) parasitism in goldblotch grouper (Epinephelus costae Staindahner, 1878) in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea using the self-organizing map (SOM). Parasitology Research, 108(6), 1417-1424.
• Grobler, N. J., Van As, J. G., & Olivier, P. A. S. (2003). Additional morphological information on two species of Caligus (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on South African marine and estuarine fish. African Zoology, 38(1), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2003.11657201
• Grutter, A. S. (1999). Cleaner fish really do clean. Nature, 398(6729), 672-673. https://doi.org/10.1038/19443
• Hadfield, K. A. & Smit, N. J. (2008). Description of a new gnathiid, Afrignathia multicavea gen. et sp. n.(Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae), from South Africa. African Zoology, 43(1), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2008.11407410
• Hanel, R., Westneat, M. W. & Sturmbauer, C. (2002). Phylogenetic relationships, evolution of broodcare behavior, and geographic speciation in the wrasse tribe Labrini. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 55(6), 776-789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-002-2373-6
• Hispano, C., Bultó, P. & Blanch, A. R. (2014). Life cycle of the fish parasite Gnathia maxillaris (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae). Folia Parasitologica, 61(3), 277. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2014.026
• Honma, Y. & Chiba, A. (1991). Pathological changes in the branchial chamber wall of stingrays, Dasyatis spp., associated with the presence of juvenile gnathiids (Isopoda, Crustacea). Fish Pathology, 26(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.26.9
• Johnson, S. K. (1969). Sodium hypochlorite: use on parasitic copepoda for identification. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 88(4), 591-592. https://doi.org/10.2307/3224253
• Jones, C. M. & Grutter, A. S. (2005). Parasitic isopods (Gnathia sp.) reduce haematocrit in captive blackeye thicklip (Labridae) on the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Fish Biology, 66(3), 860-864. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00640.x
• Jones, C. M. & Grutter, A. S. (2008). Reef-based micropredators reduce the growth of post-settlement damselfish in captivity. Coral Reefs, 27(3), 677-684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-008-0383-6
• Khamess, N. R. (1996). Ecological and Biological studies of some copepods (Family Ergasilidae) infesting gills of the mugilid fish, Liza abu from basrah [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Basrah].
• Kırkım, F. (1998). Ege denizi isopoda (Crustacea) faunasının sistematiği ve ekolojisi üzerine araştırmalar. [PhD thesis, Ege Üniversitesi].
• Kırkım, F., Kocataş, A., Katağan, T. & Sezgin, M. (2008). A report on parasitic isopods (Crustacea) from marine fishes and decapods collected from the Aegean Sea (Turkey). Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 32(4), 382-385.
• Koyuncu, C.E., Taşkın, S., Kırkım, F. (2013, 3-6 September) Ectoparasitic investigation on Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) collected from Mersin. XII. National Fisheries Symposium, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Lester, R. J. G (2005). Isopoda. In. K, Rohde (Ed.) Marine Parasitology (pp. 139-145). Cabi publishing.
• Monod, T. (1926). Les Gnathiidae. Essai monographique (morphologie, biologie, systematique). Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 13, 1-668.
• Mouchet, S. (1928). Note sur le cycle évolutif des Gnathiidae. Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 53, 392-400.
• Mugridge, R. E. R. & Stallybrass, H. G. (1983). A mortality of eels, Anguilla anguilla L., attributed to Gnathiidae. Journal of Fish Diseases, 6(1), 81-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1983.tb00054.x
• Öktener, A. & Tuncer, S. (2020). Occurrence of Gnathia Larvae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) in three Lessepsian Fish Species in the Southern Turkish Coast of the Aegean Sea. Annales: Series Historia Naturalis, 30(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.19233/ASHN.2020.11
• Paperna, I. & Por, F. D. (1977). Preliminary data on the Gnathiidae (Isopoda) of the northern Red Sea, the Bitter Lakes and the Eastern Mediterranean and the biology of Gnathia piscivora n. sp. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions-Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee (CIESM).
• Papoutsoglou, S. E. (1975). Metazoan parasites of fish from saronicos gulf Athens-Greece. Institute of Oceanopgraphic and Fisheries Research-Greece 102pp.
• Parenti, P. & Randall, J. E. (2000). An annotated checklist of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae. Ichthyological Bulletin, 68, 1-108.
• Rozsa, L., Reiczigel, J., Majoros, G. (2000). Quantifying parasites in samples of hosts. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 228-232.
• Schultz, G. A. (1969). How to know the marine isopod crustaceans. WM. C. Brown Company Publishers.
• Smit, N. J. & Davies, A. J. (1999). New host records for Haemogregarina bigemina from the coast of southern Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79(5), 933-935. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001101
• Smit, N. J. & Davies, A. J. (2004). The curious life-style of the parasitic stages of gnathiid isopods. Advances in Parasitology, 58, 289-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-308x(04)58005-3
• Smit, N. J., Basson, L. & Van As, J. G. (2003). Life cycle of the temporary fish parasite, Gnathia africana (Crustacea: Isopoda: Gnathiidae). Folia Parasitologica, 50(2), 135-142. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2003.024
• Smit, N. J., Van As, J. G. & Basson, L. (1999). A redescription of the adult male and praniza of Gnathia africana Barnard, 1914 (Crustacea, Isopoda, Gnathiidae) from southern Africa. Folia Parasitologica, 46(3), 229.
• Smith, G. (1904). Metamorphosis and life-history of Gnathia maxillaris. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapal, 16, 469-479.
• Tanaka, K. (2007). Life history of gnathiid isopods-current knowledge and future directions. Plankton and Benthos Research, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.2.1
• Tanrıkul, T.T., Dinçtürk, E. & Dereli, H. (2019). The infection of Eustrongylides spp. in Pike Perch (Sander lucioperca L., 1758) (Teleostei: Percidae). Journal of Anatolian Enviromental and Animal Sciences, 4(2), 122-126. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.544875
• Triki, Z., Grutter, A. S., Bshary, R. & Ros, A. F. (2016). Effects of short-term exposure to ectoparasites on fish cortisol and hematocrit levels. Marine Biology, 163(9), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-016-2959-y