The Effects of Dietary Administration with High Level Red Pepper (Capsicum annuum) on Growth Performance, Coloration, Histology and Protection Against Aeromonas sobria in Yellow Tail Cichlid, Pseudotropheus acei
Öz
The
present study was conducted to determine the effects of high level red pepper supplementation
to diet on the growth performance, coloration, histology, intestinal microflora
and protection against Aeromonas sobria
in Pseudotropheus acei. Two
isonitrogenous (37% crude protein) and isocaloric (3831kcall/kg energy) experimental diets were prepared by
adding of 15 % pepper meal to control diet. The feeding trial was conducted in
triplicate for 90 day in aquariums (100-L). At the beginning of the experiment,
twenty fish (initial weight 0.06 g) were stocked into each aquarium. The end of the experiment, fish fed
red pepper supplemented to diets did not have any marked effect on the weight
gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and survival. However, tail
of female fish fed diet containing red pepper was showed increase significantly
in pigmentation. High level red pepper addition to
diet caused no pathological findings in any organs. Red pepper didn’t observed significant
differences for protection to A. sobria infection. However, Aeromas and Pseudomonas counts
in red pepper group were
significantly lower than control groups.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Pseudotropheusacei red peper growth performance coloration histology disease resistance
Kaynakça
- Ardó, L., Yin, G., Xu, P., Váradi, L., Szigeti, G., Jeney, Z., & Jeney, G. (2008). Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 275(1-4), 26-33.Büyükçapar, H. M., Yanar, M., &Yanar, Y. (2007). Pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with carotenoids from Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) and red pepper (Capsicum annum). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(1), 7-12.Curl, A. L. (1962). Red pepper carotenoids, the carotenoids of red bell peppers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10(6), 504-509.Diler, I., Hossu, B., Dilek, K., Emre, Y., & Sevgili, H. (2005). Effects of natural and synthetic pigments in diets on flesh coloration and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). 57(3), 2005, 175-184.Gregory, G.K., Chen, T.S. and Philip, T. (1987). Quantitative analysis of carotenoids and carotenoid esters in fruits by HPLC: Red bell pepper. J.Food Sci.,52 (4): 1071–1073.Halten, B., Arnmesan, A., Jobling, M. and Bjerkeng, B. (1997). Carotenoid pigmentation in relation to feed intake, growth and social integration in Arctic char, Salvelinusaipinus(L.), from two anadromous strains. Aquaculture Nutrition, 3: 189–199.Harpaz, S., & Padowicz, D. (2007). Color enhancement in the ornamental dwarf cichlid Microgeophagusramirezi by addition of plant carotenoids to the fish diet. 59(4), 195-200.Harikrishnan, R., Rani, M. N., & Balasundaram, C. (2003). Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture, 221(1-4), 41-50.Kop, A., Durmaz, Y., & Hekimoglu, M. (2010). Effect of natural pigment sources on colouration of cichlid. Journal of Animal and Veterinary, Advances, 9, 566-569.Lee, C. R., Pham, M. A., Lee, S. M., Lee, C. R., & Pham, M. A. (2010). Effects of dietary paprika and lipid levels on growth and skin pigmentation of pale chub (Zacco platypus). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(6), 724.Lewbart, G.A., (2001) Bacteria and ornamental fish. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 10, 48−56Ngugi, C. C., Oyoo-Okoth, E., Mugo-Bundi, J., Orina, P. S., Chemoiwa, E. J., & Aloo, P. A. (2015). Effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & shellfish immunology, 44(2), 533-541.Nwaopara, A. O., Odike, M. A. C., Inegbenebor, U., &Adoye, M. I. (2007). The combined effects of excessive consumption of ginger, clove, red pepper and black pepper on the histology of the liver. Pak. J. Nutr, 6(6), 524-527.Nwaopara, A. O., Odike, M. A. C., Inegbenebor, U., Nwaopara, S. O., &Ewere, G. I. (2008). A comparative study on the effects of excessive consumption of ginger, clove, red pepper and black pepper on the histology of the Kidney. Pak. J. Nutr, 7(2), 287-291.Öztürk, R. Ç., & Altınok, İ. (2014). Bacterial and viral fish diseases in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(1), 275-297.Pachanawan, A., Phumkhachorn, P., & Rattanachaikunsopon, P. (2008). Potential of Psidium guajava supplemented fish diets in controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 106(5), 419-424.Rizk, E.M. and Tolba, K.H. (2002). Isolation and stabilization of carotenoids from sweet red pepper and utilization as food colorants. Arab Univ.J.Agric.Sci.,Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, 10 (1): 221–234.Sahu, S., Das, B. K., Pradhan, J., Mohapatra, B. C., Mishra, B. K., & Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Magnifera indica kernel as a feed additive on immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(1), 109-118.Sharma G., 2003. Digital Color Imaging Handbook. CRC Press LLC, FL. 764 pp.Smith M.P., 2000. Lake Malawi Cichlids. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., New York, 95 p.Wassef, E. A., Chatzifotis, S., Sakr, E. M., & Saleh, N. E. (2010). Effect of two natural carotenoid sources in diets for gilthead seabream, Sparusaurata, on growth and skin coloration. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 22(3), 216-229.Yılmaz, S., & Ergün, S. (2011). Effect of red pepper (Capsicum annum) on pigmentation of blue streak hap (Labidochromiscaeruleus). Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 63:1-6.Yilmaz, S., Ergün, S., &Soytas, N. (2013). Enhancement of growth performance and pigmentation in red Oreochromismossambicus associated with dietary intake of astaxanthin, paprika, or capsicum.
Sarı Kuyruk Çiklit balığı, Pseudotropheus acei, Yemlerine Yüksek Seviyede Kırmızı Biber İlavesinin Büyüme Performansı, Renklenme, Histoloji ve Aeromonas sobria'ya Karşı Korunma Üzerine Etkileri
Öz
Bu
çalışma, Pseudotropheus acei' balıklarında yemlere yüksek seviyede kırmızı
biber ilavesinin büyüme performansı,
renklenme, histoloji, intestinal mikroflora ve Aeromonas sobria'ya karşı hastalık direnci üzerine etkilerini
belirlemek için yürütülmüştür. Kontrol yemine % 15 oranında biber unu eklenerek İki izonitrojenik (% 37 ham protein) ve izokalorik (3831kcall /
kg enerji) deneme yemleri hazırlanmıştır. Besleme denemesi,
akvaryumlarda (100 L) üç tekerrür olacak şekilde 90 gün beslenerek yürütülmüştür.
Denemenin başında, her akvaryuma yirmi balık (başlangıç ağırlığı 0.06 g)
stoklanmıştır. Deneme sonunda,yemlere kırmızı biber ilavesi ile beslenen
balıkların ağırlık kazancı, yem dönüşüm oranı, spesifik büyüme oranı ve yaşama oranı üzerine önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Ancak, kırmızı biber
içeren yemlerle beslenen dişi balıkların kuyruğunda pigmentasyonun önemli
derecede arttığı görülmüştür. Yemlere
yüksek seviyede kırmızı biber
eklenmesi hiçbir organda patolojik bir
bulguya neden olmamıştır. Kırmızı biber, A.
sobria enfeksiyonuna karşı korumada önemli bir farklılık göstermemiştir.
Kırmızı biber grubunda Aeromas ve Pseudomonas sayıları kontrol gruplarına göre
anlamlı derecede düşükt bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Pseudotropheusacei kırmızı biber büyüme performansı renklenme histoloji hastalık drenci
Kaynakça
- Ardó, L., Yin, G., Xu, P., Váradi, L., Szigeti, G., Jeney, Z., & Jeney, G. (2008). Chinese herbs (Astragalus membranaceus and Lonicera japonica) and boron enhance the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture, 275(1-4), 26-33.Büyükçapar, H. M., Yanar, M., &Yanar, Y. (2007). Pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with carotenoids from Marigold flower (Tagetes erecta) and red pepper (Capsicum annum). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 31(1), 7-12.Curl, A. L. (1962). Red pepper carotenoids, the carotenoids of red bell peppers. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 10(6), 504-509.Diler, I., Hossu, B., Dilek, K., Emre, Y., & Sevgili, H. (2005). Effects of natural and synthetic pigments in diets on flesh coloration and growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). 57(3), 2005, 175-184.Gregory, G.K., Chen, T.S. and Philip, T. (1987). Quantitative analysis of carotenoids and carotenoid esters in fruits by HPLC: Red bell pepper. J.Food Sci.,52 (4): 1071–1073.Halten, B., Arnmesan, A., Jobling, M. and Bjerkeng, B. (1997). Carotenoid pigmentation in relation to feed intake, growth and social integration in Arctic char, Salvelinusaipinus(L.), from two anadromous strains. Aquaculture Nutrition, 3: 189–199.Harpaz, S., & Padowicz, D. (2007). Color enhancement in the ornamental dwarf cichlid Microgeophagusramirezi by addition of plant carotenoids to the fish diet. 59(4), 195-200.Harikrishnan, R., Rani, M. N., & Balasundaram, C. (2003). Hematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio, following herbal treatment for Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Aquaculture, 221(1-4), 41-50.Kop, A., Durmaz, Y., & Hekimoglu, M. (2010). Effect of natural pigment sources on colouration of cichlid. Journal of Animal and Veterinary, Advances, 9, 566-569.Lee, C. R., Pham, M. A., Lee, S. M., Lee, C. R., & Pham, M. A. (2010). Effects of dietary paprika and lipid levels on growth and skin pigmentation of pale chub (Zacco platypus). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(6), 724.Lewbart, G.A., (2001) Bacteria and ornamental fish. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine 10, 48−56Ngugi, C. C., Oyoo-Okoth, E., Mugo-Bundi, J., Orina, P. S., Chemoiwa, E. J., & Aloo, P. A. (2015). Effects of dietary administration of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) on the growth performance, biochemical, hematological and immunological parameters in juvenile and adult Victoria Labeo (Labeo victorianus) challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish & shellfish immunology, 44(2), 533-541.Nwaopara, A. O., Odike, M. A. C., Inegbenebor, U., &Adoye, M. I. (2007). The combined effects of excessive consumption of ginger, clove, red pepper and black pepper on the histology of the liver. Pak. J. Nutr, 6(6), 524-527.Nwaopara, A. O., Odike, M. A. C., Inegbenebor, U., Nwaopara, S. O., &Ewere, G. I. (2008). A comparative study on the effects of excessive consumption of ginger, clove, red pepper and black pepper on the histology of the Kidney. Pak. J. Nutr, 7(2), 287-291.Öztürk, R. Ç., & Altınok, İ. (2014). Bacterial and viral fish diseases in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(1), 275-297.Pachanawan, A., Phumkhachorn, P., & Rattanachaikunsopon, P. (2008). Potential of Psidium guajava supplemented fish diets in controlling Aeromonas hydrophila infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of bioscience and bioengineering, 106(5), 419-424.Rizk, E.M. and Tolba, K.H. (2002). Isolation and stabilization of carotenoids from sweet red pepper and utilization as food colorants. Arab Univ.J.Agric.Sci.,Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, 10 (1): 221–234.Sahu, S., Das, B. K., Pradhan, J., Mohapatra, B. C., Mishra, B. K., & Sarangi, N. (2007). Effect of Magnifera indica kernel as a feed additive on immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(1), 109-118.Sharma G., 2003. Digital Color Imaging Handbook. CRC Press LLC, FL. 764 pp.Smith M.P., 2000. Lake Malawi Cichlids. Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., New York, 95 p.Wassef, E. A., Chatzifotis, S., Sakr, E. M., & Saleh, N. E. (2010). Effect of two natural carotenoid sources in diets for gilthead seabream, Sparusaurata, on growth and skin coloration. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 22(3), 216-229.Yılmaz, S., & Ergün, S. (2011). Effect of red pepper (Capsicum annum) on pigmentation of blue streak hap (Labidochromiscaeruleus). Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh, 63:1-6.Yilmaz, S., Ergün, S., &Soytas, N. (2013). Enhancement of growth performance and pigmentation in red Oreochromismossambicus associated with dietary intake of astaxanthin, paprika, or capsicum.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Eylül 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |