Kapıdağ Yarımadası’nın (Marmara Denizi) İki Körfezinde Siliyatların Çevresel Parametrelere Göre Dağılımı

Yıl 2019, , 469 - 480, 16.12.2019

Neslihan Balkıs-ozdelıce , Benin Toklu Alıçlı , Turgay Durmuş

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.556846

Öz

Bu çalışma, Erdek ve Bandırma Körfezi’nde siliyat
türlerini ve bu türlerin dağılımını etkileyen çevresel değişkenleri belirlemek
amacıyla, 2006 ve 2008 yılları arasında her iki körfezde üçer istasyonda
mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda üçü cins düzeyinde
toplam 14 siliyat taxası belirlenmiştir. Bulunan türlerden Epiplocyloides sp., Proplectella
ovata, Laboea strobila ve Tiarina fusus Marmara Denizi için yeni
kayıt türlerdir. En fazla tür sayısı 11 tür ile Choreotrichida ordosuna aittir.
Choreotrichida ordosunun yaz mevsiminde en fazla çeşitliliği sahip olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan ekolojik veriler, aynı bölgede eş
zamanlı yapılmış önceki çalışmadan alınmıştır. Spearman’ın sıra korelasyonuna göre
ekolojik değişkenlerden tuzluluk, DO, Chl-a ve NO₃ + NO₂-N’in
ciliatların dağılımını etkilediği, derinlik artışına bağlı olarak tuzluluğun
arttığı ve tür bolluğunun azaldığı belirlenmiştir. İstasyonlar arasında en
yüksek benzerlik, Bandırma Körfezi'nde 2 ve 3 nolu istasyonlarda 0,5 m
derinlikte (% 96,5) gözlenmiş ve istasyonlara ait tüm derinliklerin ise %
23,6  benzer olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Siliyat, tintinnid, Kapıdağ Yarımadası, ekolojik değişkenler

Distribution of Ciliates in Relation to Environmental Parameters in two Gulfs of Kapıdağ Peninsula (the Sea of Marmara)

Öz

This study was carried out seasonally in order to
determine the environmental variables affecting the ciliate species and their
distribution in Gulfs of Erdek and Bandırma by using three stations in each
gulf between 2006 and 2008. At the end of the study, a total of 14 ciliates
taxa were identified, but three of them were the genus level. Epiplocyloides sp., Proplectella
ovata, Laboea strobila and Tiarina
fusus species identified are the new records for the Sea of Marmara. The
maximum number of species belonged to the Choreotrichida ordo with 11 taxa. The
Choreotrichida ordo showed the highest diversity in summer season. The
ecological data used in this study were obtained from the previous study
concurrently conducted in the same region. According to the Spearman’s
rank-correlation, it was determined that the salinity, DO, Chl-a and NO₃+NO₂-N
levels affected the distribution of the ciliates and the salinity was increased
and species abundance was decreased based on the rise in depth. The highest
similarity between the stations was observed in stations 2 and 3 in the Gulf of
“Bandırma at a depth of 0.5 m (96.5%) and all the depths of the stations were
found to be 23.6% similar.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ciliates, tintinnids, Kapıdağ Peninsula, ecological variables

Kaynakça

• Abboud-Abi Saab, M. (2008). Tintinnids of the Lebanese coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean).1st ed. CNRS-Lebanon: UNEP/MAP/RAC/SPA.
• Acara, A. & Nalbantoğlu, Ü. (1960). Preliminary report on the red tide outbreak in the Gulf of Izmir. 17th C.I.E.S.M.M. 1960, Monaco, 15(3), 33-38.
• Agatha, S. (2011). Global diversity of Aloricate oligotrichea (Protista, Ciliophora, Spirotricha) in marine and brackish sea water. PLoS ONE, 6(8), 1-13.
• Agatha, S., Struder-Kypke, M.C. & Beran, A. (2004). Morphologic and genetic variability in the Marine Planktonic ciliate Laboea strobila Lohmann, 1908 (Ciliophora, Oligotrichia), with notes on its ontogenesis. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 51(3), 267-281.
• Balci, M., Balkis, N., Durmus, T. & Sivri, N. (2014). Seasonal variations of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the coastal waters of the Kapidag Peninsula (Marmara Sea). Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 23, 3391-3399.
• Balech, E. (1959). Tintinnoinea del Mediterraneo. Trabajos del Intitudo Espanol de Oceanografia, 28, Madrid.
• Balkis, N. (2004). Tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliphora) of the Büyükçekmece Bay in the Sea of Marmara. Scientia Marina, 68, 33-44.
• Balkis, N. & Çağatay, M.N. (2001). Factors controlling metal distributions in the surface sediments of the Erdek Bay, Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Environment International, 27, 1-13.
• Balkis, N. & Wasik, A. (2005). Species composition of Tintinnids in the neritic water of Bozcaada Island, Aegean Sea, Turkey, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 14, 327-333.
• Balkis, N. & Toklu-Aliçli, B. (2009). Tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) species in the Edremit Bay. IUFS Journal of Biology, 68, 47-53.
• Balkis, N., Toklu-Alicli, B. & Balci, M. (2012). Evaluation of ecological quality status with the Trophic Index (TRIX) values in the coastal waters of the Gulfs of Erdek and Bandırma in the Marmara Sea, In: Dr. Voudouris, editor. Ecological Water Quality - Water Treatment and Reuse. InTech, pp 1-22. ISBN: 978-953-51-0508-4.
• Balkis, N. & Koray, T. (2014). A check-list of Tintinnids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) in the coastal zone of Turkey. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 46(4), 1029-1038.
• Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, A., Oğuz, T. & Ünlüata, Ü. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34, 285-334.
• Beşiktepe, Ş.T., Özsoy, E., Abdullatif, M.A. & Oğuz, T. (2000). Marmara Denizi’nin Hidrografisi ve Dolaşımı, Marmara Denizi 2000 Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 11-12 November 2000, İstanbul, Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TÜDAV), 314-326 (in Turkish).
• Bodeanu, N., Moncheva, S., Ruta, G. & Popa, L. (1998). Long-term evolution of the algal blooms in Romanian and Bulgarian Black Sea waters. Cercetãri Marine - Recherches Marines Constanta, 31, 37-55.
• Capriulo, G.M. & Carpenter, E.J. (1983). Abundance species composition and feeding impact of tintinnid micro-zooplankton in Central Long Island Sound. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 10, 277-288.
• Clarke, K.R. & Warwick, R.M. (2001). Change in marine communities: An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation. 2nd Edition, PRIMER-E, Ltd., Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth.
• Çolak-Sabancı, F. & Koray, T. (2001). İzmir Körfezi (Ege Denizi) Mikroplankton’unun Vertical ve Horizontal Dağılımına Kirliliğin Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 18, 187-202 (in Turkish).
• Dale, T. & Dahl, E. (1987). A red tide in southern Norway caused by mass occurrence of the planktonic ciliate Tiarina fusus. Fauna, 40, 98-103.
• Dolan, J.R., Vidussi, F. & Claustre, H. (1999). Planktonic ciliates in the Mediterranean Sea: Longitudinal trends. Deep-Sea Research I, 46, 2025-2039.
• Dolan, J.R. & Gallegos, C.L. (2001). Estuarine diversity of tintinnids (planktonic ciliates). Journal of Plankton Research, 23(9), 1009-1027.
• Dolan, J.R. & Pierce, W.P. (2014). Tintinnid ciliates of the marine plankton. In: De Broyer C, Koubbi P, Griffiths HJ, Raymond B, Udekem d’Acoz C. d’, et al. editors. Biogeographic Atlas of the Southearn Ocean.Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 254-259.
• Durmus, T., Balci, M. & Balkis, N. (2011). Species of Genus Tintinnopsis Stein, 1867 in Turkish coastal waters and new record of Tintinnopsis corniger Hada, 1964. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 44(2), 383-388.
• Durmus, T. & Balkis, N. (2014). Tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) species in the Gulf of Gemlik and some ecological properties of the environment. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23(12), 2990-2997.
• Durmus, T., Balci, M. & Balkis, N. (2016a). Microzooplankton (Tintinnids) of the Sea of Marmara: A review. In Özsoy E., Çağatay MN, Balkis N, Balkis N, Öztürk B, editors. The Sea of Marmara Marine Biodiversity, Fisheries, Conservation and Governance. 1st ed. İstanbul, Turkey: Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TÜDAV), pp.366-375.
• Durmus, T., Balci, M. & Balkis, N. (2016b). Kapıdağ Yarımadası’nda bulunan Tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) türleri ve bollukları ile ortamın bazı ekolojik özellikleri. In: Ak Örek Y, Tezan D, editors. Türkiye Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı 2016; 31 Mayıs-3 Haziran 2016; Ankara, Turkey, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, p.317.
• Ergen, Z. (1967). İzmir Körfezinde tesbit edilen başlıca planktonik organizmalar (in Turkish). Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi İlmi Raporlar Serisi, 47, 1-27.
• Esensoy, F.B. (2014). Seasonal community structure of the microplankton in the Eastern Black Sea region (in Turkish). Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, MSc, Trabzon, Turkey.
• Feyzioglu, A.M. & Guneroglu, A. (2011). Community structure of phytoplankton and some physical parameters of continental shelf waters of Anatolian Coast of the Black Sea. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20(3a), 694-703.
• Godhantaraman, N. & Uye, S. (2001). Geographical variations in abundance, biomass and trophodynamic role of microzooplankton across an inshore-offshore gradient in the Inland Sea of Japan and adjacent Pacific Ocean. Plankton Biology and Ecology, 48(1), 19-27.
• Gómez, F. (2007). Trends on the distribution of ciliates in the open Pacific Ocean. Acta Oecologica, 32, 188-202.
• Göktürk, D. (2005). İstanbul limanlarında balast suyu örneklemeleri (in Turkish). Istanbul University, Institute of Science, MSc, İstanbul, Turkey.
• Hada, Y. (1961). The pelagic ciliate from Antarctic Waters. Report of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, 11, 140-145.
• Hannachi, I., Drira, Z., Belhassen, M., Hamza, A., Ayadi, H. et al. (2008) Abundance and biomass of the ciliate community during a spring cruise in the Gulf of Gabes (Eastern Mediterranean Sea, Tunisia). Acta Protozoologica, 47, 293-305.
• Hoffmeyer, M.S. & Cao, M.S.B. (2007). Zooplankton assembleges from a tidal channel in the Bahia Blanca Estuary, Argentina. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 55(2), 97-107.
• Kamiyama, T. & Tsujino, M. (1996). Seasonal variation in the species composition of Tintinnid ciliates in Hiroshima Bay, the Seto Inland Sea of Japan. Journal of Plankton Research, 18, 2313-2327.
• Kocataş, A. (1996). Ekoloji ve Çevre Biyolojisi. 3nd ed. İzmir, Turkey: Ege Üniversitesi Basımevi.
• Koç, T. (2002). Bandırma ilçesinde tavukçuluğun çevresel etkisi. Ekoloji, 11, 11-16 (in Turkish).
• Kofoid, C.A. & Campbell, A.S. (1929). A conspectus of the marine and freshwater ciliata belonging to the suborder Tintinnoinea, with descriptions of new species principally from the Agassiz expedition to the eastern Tropical Pacific 1904-1905. University of California Publications in Zoology, 34, 1-403.
• Koray, T. & Özel, I. (1983). İzmir Körfezi planktonundan saptanan Tintinnoinea türleri. Ege University Journal of the Faculty of Science, 1, 220-244.
• Koray, T., Büyükısık, B., Parlak, H. & Gökpınar, Ş. (1992). İzmir Körfezi’nde deniz suyu kalitesini etkileyen tek hücreli organizmalar: Red-Tide ve diğer aşırı üreme olayları. Turkish Journal of Biology, 16, 135-157(in Turkish).
• Koray, T., Benli, H.A. & Sever, T.M. (1994). Gökova Körfezi (Ege Denizi)’nin fitoplankton ve protozooplankton türleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi 11(42-43), 9-15 (in Turkish).
• Koray, T. & Kesici, U.Y. (1994). Bodrum Körfezi’nin (Ege Denizi) Fitoplankton ve Protozooplankton Tür Kompozisyonu, Ege Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 971-980 (in Turkish).
• Koray, T., Gökpınar, Ş. & Yurga, L. (1999). İzmir Körfezi (Ege Denizi) Mikroplankton topluluklarının dağılımı üzerine kirliliğin etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 16(3-4), 421-431 (in Turkish).
• Lee, J.B. & Kim, Y.H. (2010). Distribution of tintinnids (loricate ciliates) in East Asian waters in summer. Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea, 1, 173-180.
• Lynn, D.H. (2008). The ciliated protozoa characterization, classification and guide to the literature, 3rd ed. Springer Netherland.
• Marshall, S.M. (1969). Order: Tintinnida. Conseil international pour l'explaration de la mer. Zooplankton sheet: 117-127.
• Pierce, R.W. & Turner, J.T. (1993). Global Biogeography of Marine Tintinnids. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 94, 11-26.
• Pitta, P. & Giannakourou, A. (2000). Planktonic ciliates in the oligotrophic Mediterranean vertical, spatial distribution and mixotrophy. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 194, 269-282.
• Pitta, P., Giannakourou, A. & Christaki, U. (2001). Planktonic ciliates in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea: longitudinal trends of standing stocks, distributions and analysis of food vacuole contents. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 24, 297-311.
• Polat, S., Toklu, B. & Piner, M.P. (2001). Babadıllimanı Koyu (Silifke-İçel) Tintinnid (Ciliata) türleri. XI. Ulusal Su Ürünleri Sempozyumu .04-06 Eylül 2001; Hatay, 504-512.
• Polat, S., Toklu, B. & Sarıhan, E. (2002). Seasonal distribution of protozooplankton in Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean), Oseanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea Similarities and Differences of Two Interconnected Basins, 14-18 October 2002; Ankara, 839-844.
• Selifonova, Z.P. & Makarevich, P.R. (2018). Invasive alien species of tintinnid ciliates from the northeastern Black Sea, Russian and Abkhazian coast. Protistology, 12(4), 185-190.
• Shannon, C.E. & Weaver, W. (1964). The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 125 pp.
• Siegel, S. (1956). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. McGraw-Hill, New York.
• Sorokin, Y.I., Tarkan, A.N., Öztürk, B. & Albay, M. (1995). Primary production, bacterioplankton and planktonic protozoa in the Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Maritime and Marine Sciences, 1, 37-55.
• Toklu-Aliçli, B., Balkis, N., Toklu, A.S. & Höbek, A. (2010). First record of Amphorellopsis tetragona (Protozoa: Ciliophora: Tintinnina) from the Sea of Marmara, IUFS Journal of Biology 69(1), 41-44.
• Tregouboff, G. & Rose, M. (1957). Manuel de planctonologie Mediterraneenne. Cent. Nati. Dela Res. Scient. 15, Anotole-France, 107-123.
• Türkoğlu, M. & Koray, T, (2000). Ecological and geographical distributions of the planktonic protista in the southern parts of the Black Sea (Neritic waters of Sinop Peninsula, Turkiye). Ege University, Journal of the Faculty of Science, 17 (1-2), 161-178.
• Ullyott, P. & Pektaş, H. (1952). Çanakkale Boğazı’ndaki yıllık temperatür ve tuzluluk değişmeleri hakkında ilk araştırmalar. Hidrobiologi Mecmuası, Serie A, 19-33 (in Turkish).
• Uysal, Z. & Ünsal, M. (1996). Spatial Distribution of Net Diatoms Along Adjacent Water Masses of Different Origin. Turkish Journal of Botany, 20, 519-525.
• Ünlü, S., Topçuoğlu, S., Alpar, B., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç. & Yılmaz, Y.Z. (2008). Heavy metal pollution in surface sediment and mussel samples in the Gulf of Gemlik. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 144, 169-178.
• Wang, Y., Zhang, W., Lin, Y., Cao, W., Zheng, L. & Yang, J. (2014). Phosphorus, nitrogen and chlorophyll-a are significant factors controlling ciliate communities in summer in the northern Beibu Gulf, South China Sea. PLoS One, 9(7), 1-13.
• Yurga, L. (2018). Microzooplankton Tintinnida (Protozoa: Ciliophora) communities from the İzmir Bay, Turkey and their diversity and distribution for last 20 years. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 35(3), 267-277.
• Yüce, H. & Türker, A. (1991). Marmara Denizi’nin fiziksel oşinografik özellikleri ve Akdeniz suyunun Karadeniz’e girişi. Uluslararası Çevre Sorunları Sempozyumu İstanbul - Turkey: Marmara Rotary Club, 284-303 (in Turkish).
• Zervoudaki, S., Christou, E.D., Assimakopoulou, G., Örek, H., Gucu, A.C., Giannakourou, A., Pitta, P., Terbiyik, T., Yücel, N., Moutsopoulos, T., Pagou, K., Psarra, S., Özsoy, E. & Papathanassiou, E. (2011). Copepod communities, production and grazing in the Turkish Straits System and the adjacent northern Aegean Sea during spring. Journal of Marine Systems, 86, 45-56.