Tatlarin Baraj Gölündeki Su Kirliliğinin Carassius gibelio ve Carassius auratus Türlerine Genotoksik Etkisinin Mikronükleus Testi ile Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2020, , 94 - 98, 01.03.2020

Selen Kutoğlu Erdoğan Çiçek

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.601087

Öz

Bu çalışma Tatlarin Baraj Gölünün fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerini ortaya koymak ve kirliliğin balıklar üzerine genotoksik etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Nisan 2013-Mayıs 2014 tarihleri arasında aylık periyotlarla yürütülmüştür. Ölçümü yapılmış olan fizikokimyasal parametrelere ait yıllık ortalama değerlerden; su sıcaklığı 15,5 °C, çözünmüş oksijen 6,44 mg/L, elektriksel iletkenlik 622,9 µmho/cm, toplam çözünmüş madde 0,519 mg/L (TÇM), tuzluluk 0,40 mg/L, pH 10,67, nitrit 0,77 mg/L, nitrat 1,14 mg/L, amonyak 2,67 mg/L, amonyum 1,54 mg/L, potasyum 17,56 mg/L, sülfat 63,7 mg/L, flor 0,57 mg/L, klor 48,23 mg/L, askıda katı madde (AKM) 44,75 mg/L, sertlik 10,82 mg/L, CaCO3 195,67 mg/L, fosfat 2,96 mg/L, kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) 74,05 mg/L ve biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı (BOİ) 12,5 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda barajın Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği kirlilik sınıflamasına göre “çok kirli sular” kategorisine yakın olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Kirli suya sahip baraj gölünde yaşayan Carassius gibelio ve Carassius auratus’a ait mikronükleus frekansları ile kromozom anomalilerinden tomurcuklu nükleus, çentikli nükleus, loblu nükleus ve binükleus frekansları belirlenmiştir. Barajda yaşayan C. gibelio ve C. auratus türlerinin eritrositlerinde mikronükleus frekansı sırasıyla 6,12±3,61 ve 5,57±2,3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre su kirliliğinin balıklar üzerinde genotoksik etki gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carassius gibelio, Carassius auratus, genotoksisite, Nevşehir

Destekleyen Kurum

Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

NEÜBAP-13F40

Determination of the Genotoxic Effect of Water Pollution on Carassius gibelio and Carassius auratus by Micronucleus Test in Tatlarin Dam Lake

Öz

This study was conducted to identify physico-chemical features of water of Tatlarin Dam Lake and if water pollution is intended to reveal the genotoxic effect on aquatic fish. This study carried out from April 2013 to May 2014 by monthly intervals. The measured physicochemical parameters were given as following: for Tatlarin Dam Lake: water temperature 15.5 oC, dissolved oxygen 6.44 mg/L, conductivity 622.9 µmho/cm, total dissolved solution 0.519 mg/L (TDS), salinity 0.40 mg/L, pH 10.67, nitrite 0.77 mg/L, nitrate 1.14 mg/L, ammonia 2.67 mg/L, ammonium 1.54 mg/L, potassium 17.56 mg/L, sulphate 63.7 mg/L, flüorine 0.57 mg/L, chlorine 48.23 mg/L, suspended solids (SS) 44.75 mg/L, hardness 10.82 mg/L, CaCO3 195.67 mg/L, phosphate 2.96 mg/L, chemical oxygen demand (COD) 74.05 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 12.5 mg/L. According to the results, it was identified that Tatlarin Dam Lake which, according to the classification of Water Pollution Control Regulation is said to be very close to the polluted waters category. Micronucleus freqency was found to be 6.12±3.61 in C. gibelio and was found to be 5.57±2.34 in C. auratus in Tatlarin Dam Lake. The water pollution in Tatlarin Dam Lake can say that showed genotoxic effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carassius gibelio, Carassius auratus, genotoxicity, Nevşehir

Proje Numarası

NEÜBAP-13F40

Kaynakça

• Carrasco, K.R., Tilbury, K.L., & Myers, M.S. (1990). An assessment of the piscine micronucleus test as an in-situ biological indicator of chemical contaminant effects. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 2723-2136.
• Ergene, S., Çavaş¸ T., Çelik, A., Köleli, N., Kaya F., & Karahan, A. (2007). Monitoring of nuclear abnormalities in peripheral erythrocytes of three fish species from the Goksu Delta (Turkey): genotoxic damage in relation to water pollution. Ecotoxicology, 16, 385-391.
• Gross, M.J., Barry, D.A.J., & Rudolph, D.L. (1998). Contamination of Ontario farmstead domestic wells and its association with agriculture. 1. Results from drinking water wells. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 32, 267-293.
• Hathaway, S.W. (1980). Toxic compounds in household wastewater.” U.S. EPA Report, No. EPA/600/2-80-128, Cincinnati.
• Hayashi, M. (2016). The micronucleus test-most widely used in vivo genotoxicity test. Genes and Environment, 38(1), 1-18.
• Hayashi, M.T., Ueda, T., Uyeno, K., Wada, K., Kinae, N., Saotome, K., Tanaka, N., Takai, A., Sasaki, Y.F., Asano, N., Sofuni, T., & Ogima, Y. (1998). Development of genotoxicity assay systems that use aquatic organisms. Mutation Research, 399(2), 217-225.
• Hwang, H.M., & Foster, G.D. (2006). Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff flowing into the tidal Anacosta River, Washington, DC. Environmental Pollution, 140(3), 416-426.
• Landolph Jr,J.R. (2014). Genetic Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 3rd ed., Academic Press, Oxford. S. 715-725.Markiewicz-Patkowska, J., Hursthouse, A., & Przybyla-Kij, H. (2005). The interaction of heavy metals with urban soils: sorption behavior of Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn with a typical mixed brownfield deposit. Environ. International, 31(4), 513-521.
• Minissi, S., Ciccotti, E., & Rizzoni, M. (1996). Micronuclei test in erythrocytes of Barbus plebejus (teleostei, Pisces) from two natural environments: a bioassay for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwater. Mutation Research, 367(4), 245-251.
• Rocher, V., Azimi, S., Moilleron, R., & Chebbo, G. (2004). Hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the different sewer deposits in the “Le Marais” catchment (Paris, France): stocks, distributions and origins. Science of the Total Environment. 323(1-3), 107-122.
• Sanchez-Galan, S., Linde, A.R., Izquierdo, J.I., & Garcia, V.E. (1998). Micronuclei and fluctuating asymmetry in brown trout (Salmo trutta): complementary methods of biomonitor freshwater ecosystems. Mutation Research, 412(3), 219-225.
• Şekeroğlu, V., & Atlı-Şekeroğlu, Z. (2011). Genotoksik hasarın belirlenmesinde mikronükleus testi. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 68(4), 241-52.
• Stahl, R.G. (1991). The genotoxicity of organic compounds in natural waters and waste waters. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 22, 94-125.
• Stein, E.D., Tiefenthaler, L.L., & Schiff, K. (2006). Watershed-based sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban storm water. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 25(2), 373-385.
• Tucker, J.D., & Preston, R.J. (1996). Chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, aneuploidy, sister chromatid exchanges, and cancer risk assessment. Mutation Research, 365, 147-159.
• Walker, W.J., McNutt, R.P., & Maslanka, C.K. (1999). The potential contribution of urban runoff to surface sediments of the Passaic River: sources and chemical characteristics. Chemosphere, 38(2), 363-377.