İçme Suyunda Florür Düzeyleri ve Su Kalitesinin Diş Sağlığı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Ergene Nehir Havzası
Öz
Bu çalışma, Trakya Bölgesi'nin en önemli ve Türkiye'nin en kirli nehir havzalarından
biri olan Ergene Nehir Havzası içme sularında florür seviyelerinin belirlenmesi
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ergene Havzası'nda belirlenen 30 istasyondan, 2018 yılı
yaz (kurak) sezonunda, içme suyu
örnekleri toplandı. Su numunelerindeki florür seviyeleri spektrofotometre
kullanılarak belirlendi ve incelenen yerleşim alanlarının florür içeriğine göre
sınıflandırılması için tespit edilen verilere Cluster Analizi (CA) uygulandı.
Havza içme sularındaki florür birikimlerinin görsel bir özetini sunmak için
Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kullanılmış ve havza florür dağılım haritası
çizilmiştir. Ayrıca edilen veriler sürekli olarak bu suyu içen yöre halkının
diş sağlığı açısından da değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmamız sonuçlarında göre,
Ergene Havzası içme suyunda florür birikimleri 0.246 ppm (Velimeşe Köyü) -
1.460 ppm (Bayramlı Köyü) arasında olarak tespit edilmiştir. CA sonuçlarına
göre ise, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı 3 küme tespit edilmiş ve bunlar “Yüksek
Florür Kümesi”, “Optimum Florür Kümesi” ve “Düşük Florür Kümesi” olarak
isimlendirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ergene Nehri Havzası Florür İçme suyu kalitesi Kümeleme Analizi Diş sağlığı
Destekleyen Kurum
Trakya Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
2017/211
Kaynakça
- Aoba, T., Fejerskov, O. (2002). Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 13 (2): 155–170.
- Ayenew, T. (2008). The distribution and hydrogeological controls of fluoride in the groundwater of central Ethiopian rift and adjacent highlands. Environmental Geology, 54 (6): 1313-1324.
- Ayoob, S., Gupta, A. K. (2006). Fluoride in drinking water: a review on the status and stress effects. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36 (6): 433-487.
- Buzalaf, M. A. R. (2018). Review of fluoride intake and appropriateness of current guidelines. Advances in dental research, 29 (2): 157-166.
- DSİ (State Water Works) (1997). Ergene Nehri Kirliliği Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürü, Ankara, Türkiye.
- EC (European Communities) (2007). European Communities (drinking water) (no. 2), Regulatıons 2007, S.I. No. 278 of 2007.
- Guissouma, W., Hakami, O., Al-Rajab, A. J., Tarhouni, J. (2017). Risk assessment of fluoride exposure in drinking water of Tunisia. Chemosphere, 177, 102-108
- Güner, Ş., Uyar-Bozkurt, S., Haznedaroğlu, E., Menteş, A. (2016). Dental fluorosis and catalase immunoreactivity of the brain tissues in rats exposed to high fluoride pre-and postnatally. Biological trace element research, 174 (1): 150-157.
- Howard, G. J. B., Pedley, S., Schmoll, O., Chorus, I., Berger, P. (2006). Groundwater and public health. IWA Publishing, London.https://tr.hach.com/
- Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z., O’Malley, L, A., Glenny, A. M., Macey, R., Alam, R., Tugwell, P., Walsh, T., Welch, V., Worthington, H., V. (2013). Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD010856.
- Jha, S. K., Mishra, V. K., Sharma, D. K., Damodaran, T. (2011). Fluoride in the environment and its metabolism in humans. In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 211: 121-142.
- O'Mullane, D. M., Baez, R. J., Jones, S., Lennon, M. A., Petersen, P. E., Rugg-Gunn, A. J. (2016). Whelton H, Whitford GM. Fluoride and oral health. Community dental health, 33 (2): 69-99.
- Sezgin, B. I., Onur, Ş. G., Menteş, A., Okutan, A. E., Haznedaroğlu, E., Vieira, A. R. (2018). Two-fold excess of fluoride in the drinking water has no obvious health effects other than dental fluorosis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 50: 216-222.
- SKKY (Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği) (2015). Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete: Tarih 15 Nisan 2015, Resmi Gazete No: 29327. [In Turkish].
- Tokatlı, C., Baştatlı, Y. (2016). Trace and Toxic Element Levels in River Sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25 (4): 1715-1720.
- Tokatlı, C. (2017). Bio – Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments of a Worldwide Important Wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43 (1): 34-47.
- Tokatlı, C. (2018). Essential and Toxic Element Bioaccumulations in Fishes of Gala and Siğirci Lakes (Meriç River Delta, Turkey). Acta Alimentaria, 47 (4): 470-478.
- TS 266 (Türk Standartları Enstitüsü) (2005). Sular-İnsani tüketim amaçlı sular. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, ICS 13.060.20 [In Turkish].
- Villholth, K. G., Rajasooriyar, L. D. (2010). Groundwater resources and management challenges in Sri Lanka–an overview. Water resources management, 24 (8): 1489-1513.
- WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, NLM classification: WA 675.
Fluoride Levels in Drinking Water and Assessment of Water Quality in Terms of Teeth Health in a Significant Watershed in Thrace Region: Ergene River Basin
Öz
This study was carried out to determine the fluoride levels in drinking water
of Ergene River Basin, which is known as the life blood of Thrace Region and
one of the most contaminated river basins in Turkey. Drinking water
samples were collected from 30 stations including residential areas located in
the Ergene River Basin in dry (summer) season of 2018. Fluoride levels of water
samples were determined by using a spectrophotometer and Cluster Analysis (CA)
was applied to detected fluoride data in order to classify the investigated
residential areas according to fluoride contents. Geographic Information System
(GIS) was also used in order to make a visual explanation by presenting
distribution map of fluoride accumulations and also the detected data were evaluated
in terms of teeth health of local people, who constantly drinks this water. According
to detected data, the fluoride accumulations in drinking water of Ergene River
Basin were determined between 0.246 ppm (Velimeşe Village) – 1.460 ppm (Bayramlı
Village). According to the results of CA, 3 statistically significant clusters
were formed as “High Fluoride Cluster”, “Optimum Fluoride Cluster” and “Low Fluoride
Cluster”.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ergene River Basin Fluoride Drinking water quality Cluster Analysis Teeth health
Proje Numarası
2017/211
Kaynakça
- Aoba, T., Fejerskov, O. (2002). Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 13 (2): 155–170.
- Ayenew, T. (2008). The distribution and hydrogeological controls of fluoride in the groundwater of central Ethiopian rift and adjacent highlands. Environmental Geology, 54 (6): 1313-1324.
- Ayoob, S., Gupta, A. K. (2006). Fluoride in drinking water: a review on the status and stress effects. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36 (6): 433-487.
- Buzalaf, M. A. R. (2018). Review of fluoride intake and appropriateness of current guidelines. Advances in dental research, 29 (2): 157-166.
- DSİ (State Water Works) (1997). Ergene Nehri Kirliliği Değerlendirme Raporu. Türkiye Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürü, Ankara, Türkiye.
- EC (European Communities) (2007). European Communities (drinking water) (no. 2), Regulatıons 2007, S.I. No. 278 of 2007.
- Guissouma, W., Hakami, O., Al-Rajab, A. J., Tarhouni, J. (2017). Risk assessment of fluoride exposure in drinking water of Tunisia. Chemosphere, 177, 102-108
- Güner, Ş., Uyar-Bozkurt, S., Haznedaroğlu, E., Menteş, A. (2016). Dental fluorosis and catalase immunoreactivity of the brain tissues in rats exposed to high fluoride pre-and postnatally. Biological trace element research, 174 (1): 150-157.
- Howard, G. J. B., Pedley, S., Schmoll, O., Chorus, I., Berger, P. (2006). Groundwater and public health. IWA Publishing, London.https://tr.hach.com/
- Iheozor-Ejiofor, Z., O’Malley, L, A., Glenny, A. M., Macey, R., Alam, R., Tugwell, P., Walsh, T., Welch, V., Worthington, H., V. (2013). Water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD010856.
- Jha, S. K., Mishra, V. K., Sharma, D. K., Damodaran, T. (2011). Fluoride in the environment and its metabolism in humans. In Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 211: 121-142.
- O'Mullane, D. M., Baez, R. J., Jones, S., Lennon, M. A., Petersen, P. E., Rugg-Gunn, A. J. (2016). Whelton H, Whitford GM. Fluoride and oral health. Community dental health, 33 (2): 69-99.
- Sezgin, B. I., Onur, Ş. G., Menteş, A., Okutan, A. E., Haznedaroğlu, E., Vieira, A. R. (2018). Two-fold excess of fluoride in the drinking water has no obvious health effects other than dental fluorosis. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 50: 216-222.
- SKKY (Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği) (2015). Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete: Tarih 15 Nisan 2015, Resmi Gazete No: 29327. [In Turkish].
- Tokatlı, C., Baştatlı, Y. (2016). Trace and Toxic Element Levels in River Sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25 (4): 1715-1720.
- Tokatlı, C. (2017). Bio – Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments of a Worldwide Important Wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43 (1): 34-47.
- Tokatlı, C. (2018). Essential and Toxic Element Bioaccumulations in Fishes of Gala and Siğirci Lakes (Meriç River Delta, Turkey). Acta Alimentaria, 47 (4): 470-478.
- TS 266 (Türk Standartları Enstitüsü) (2005). Sular-İnsani tüketim amaçlı sular. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, ICS 13.060.20 [In Turkish].
- Villholth, K. G., Rajasooriyar, L. D. (2010). Groundwater resources and management challenges in Sri Lanka–an overview. Water resources management, 24 (8): 1489-1513.
- WHO (World Health Organization) (2011). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. World Health Organization Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, NLM classification: WA 675.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çevre Bilimleri |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2017/211 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |