Evaluation of Sugar Beet Leave Extracts in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Diets: Effects on Blood and Semen Parameters

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4, 458 - 468, 16.12.2019

Burak Evren İnanan , Ümit Acar

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.556299

Cited By: 5

Öz

Sugar
beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is one of the
common agricultural crops in the world. After harvesting of its roots, sugar
beet leaves (SBL) become waste in the field. SBL could cause some inflammation
problems in the digestive tract of cattle and decrease tasty of feed. This study
was carried out to determine the effects of three different extracts from SBL
on hematological and blood serum biochemical parameters, and semen quality of
goldfish Carassius auratus. These
extracts contained proteins,
essential oils and carbohydrates from SBL were added to fish feed at ratios of
5 and 20‰. The serum total protein, glucose and albumin values increased while
cholesterol and liver enzymes activities decreased in all SBL extract groups.
Also, the highest hemoglobin values were found in the groups fed with the
supplementations of the essential oils extract. Moreover, the lowest lipid
peroxidation and the highest catalase activity levels of seminal plasma were
found in these groups. The supplementations of the essential oils extract which
contains phytol and vitamin E improved blood parameters and increased the
motility parameters as well.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carasius auratus, sugar beet leaves, blood, semen

Japon Balığı (Carassius auratus) Yemindeki Şeker Pancarı Yaprak Özütlerinin Kan ve Semen Parametrelerine Etkileri

Öz

Şeker
pancarı (Beta vulgaris L.), dünyadaki
en önemli tarım bitkilerinden biridir. Kök kısmının hasadından sonra, şeker
pancarı yaprakları tarlada atıl hale gelmektedir. Bu yapraklar, büyükbaş
hayvanlarda yem olarak kullanıldığında sindirim sistemi rahatsızlıklarına ve
yem tadında bozulmaya neden olabilmektedirr. Bu çalışma, şeker pancarı
yapraklarından üç farklı şekilde elde edilmiş özütlerin, japon balığı Carassius auratus hematolojik ve kan
serumu biyokimyasal parametrelerine, semen kalitesine etkilerini tayin etmeyi
amaçlamıştır. Yapraklardaki proteinleri, esansiyel yağları ve karbonhidratları
içeren bu özütler balık yemleri ‰5 ve 20 oranlarında ilave edilmiştir.
Yemlerine yaprak özütü eklenen tüm gruplarda serum toplam protein, glikoz ve
albümin değerleri yüklemişken, kolesterol ve karaciğer enzimlerinin aktivite
değerlerinde düşüşler gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca, en yüksek hemoglobin değerleri,
yemine uçucu yağları içeren özüt ilave edilmiş grupta bulunmuştur.  Bu gruplarda, en düşük lipid peroksidasyon ve
en yüksek katalaz aktivitesi değerleri saptanmıştır. Fitol ve E vitamini
açısından zengin olan esansiyel yağ özütünün, kan parametrelerine
iyileştirerek, sperm kalite değerlerini artırmıştır.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carasius auratus, şeker pancarı yaprağı, kan, semen.

Kaynakça

• Abdel-Wahhab, M.A., Nada, S.A., & Khalik F.A. (1999). Physiological and toxicological responses in rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated diet with or without sorbent materials. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 97, 209-219.
• Acar, Ü. (2018). Effects of diet supplemented with ethanolic extract of propolis on growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and disease resistance of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture, 495, 339-344.
• Acar, Ü., Kesbiç, O.S., Yılmaz, S., Gültepe, N., & Türker, A. (2015). Evaluation of the effects of essential oil extracted from sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis) on growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and possible disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Aquaculture, 437, 282-286.
• Acar, Ü., Parrino, V., Kesbiç, O.S., Lo Paro, G., Saoca, C., Abbate, F., Yılmaz, S., & Fazio, F. (2018). Effects of different levels of pomegranate seed oil on some blood parameters and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 596.
• Alderman, D.J., & Hastings, T.S. (1998). Antibiotic use in aquaculture: development of antibiotic resistance-potential for consumer health risk. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 33, 139-155.
• Andreeva, A.M. (1999). Structural and functional organization of the blood albumin system in fish. Vopr Ikhtyologii, 39, 825-832.
• Baba, E., Acar, Ü., Yılmaz, S., Zemheri, F., & Ergün, S. (2018). Dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract alters some immune gene expression levels and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 79, 28-33.
• Bain, B.J., Lewis, S.M., & Bates, I. (2006). Basic hematological techniques.. In M. Lewis, Bain, B.J. & I. Bates (Eds.), Practical hematology (pp. 26-54). Churchill Livingstone, USA: Elsevier.
• Blaxhall, P.C., & Daisley, K.W. (1973). Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x
• Boryshpolets, S., Kowalski, R.K., Dietrich, G.J., Dzyuba, B., & Ciereszko, A. (2013). Different computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems highly influence sperm motility parameters. Theriogenology, 80, 758-765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.019
• Bradford, M.M. (1976). Rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry, 72, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
• Buege, J.A., & Aust, S.T. (1978). Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology, 52, 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6
• Canyurt, M.A., & Akhan, S. (2008). Effect of dietary vitamin E on the sperm quality of rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Research, 39, 1014-1018. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2008.01952.x
• Citarasu, T., Venkatramalingam, K., Babu, M., Sekar, R.R., & Petermarian, M. (2003). Influence of the antibacterial herbs, Solanum trilobatum, Androgra phispaniculata and Psoralea corylifolia on the survival, growth and bacterial load of Penaeus monodon post larvae. Aquaculture International, 11, 581-595. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:AQUI.0000013322.53358.53
• Dabrowski, K., & Ciereszko, A. (1996). Ascorbic acid protects against male infertility in teleost fish. Experientia, 52, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01923351FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), (2018, November 1). Crops production statistics 1970-2016. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat
• Gabor, E.F., Sara, A., & Barbu, A. (2010). The effects of some phytoadditives on growth, health and meat quality on different species of fish. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 43, 61-65.
• Gatlin, D.M., Barrows, F.T., Brown, P. Dabrowski, K., Gaylord, T.G., Hardy, R.W., Herman, E., Hu, G., Krogdahl, Å., Nelson, R., Overturf, K., Rust, M., Sealey, W., Skonberg, D., Souza, E.J., Stone, D., Wilson R., & Wurtele, E. (2007). Expanding the utilization of sustainable plant products in aquafeeds: a review. Aquaculture Research, 38, 551-579. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01704.x
• Goth, L. (1991). A simple method for determination of serum catalase activity and revision of reference range. Clinica Chimica Acta, 196, 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(91)90067-M
• Goto-Kazeto, R., Abe, Y., Masai, K., Yamaha, E., Adachi, S., & Yamauchi, K. (2006). Temperature-dependent sex differentiation in goldfish: Establishing the temperature-sensitive period and effect of constant and fluctuating water temperatures. Aquaculture, 254, 617-624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.10.009
• Gressler, L.T., Riffel, A.P.K., & Parodi, T.V. (2014). Silver catfish Rhamdia quelen immersion anaesthesia with essential oil of Aloysia triphylla (L'Herit) britton or tricaine methanesulfonate: effect on stress response and antioxidant status. Aquaculture Research, 45, 1061-1072. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.12043
• Henry, M., Gasco, L., Piccolo, G., & Fountoulaki, E. (2015). Review on the use of insects in the diet of farmed fish: Past and future. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 203, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.03.001
• Immanuel, G., Uma, R.P., Iyapparaj, P., Citarasu, T., Peter, S.M., Babu, M.M., & Palavesam, A. (2009). Dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Fish Biology, 74, 1462-1475. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02212.x
• Izquierdo, M.S., Fernandez-Palacios, H., & Tacon, A.G.J. (2001). Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish. Aquaculture, 197, 25-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00581-6
• Kähkönen, M.P., Hopia, A.I., & Vuorela, H.J. (1999). Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3954-3962. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf990146l
• Kenari, A.A., Mozanzadeh, M.T., & Pourgholam, R. (2011). Effects of total fish oil replacement to vegetable oils at two dietary lipid levels on the growth, body composition, haemato-immunological and serum biochemical parameters in Caspian Brown trout (Salmo truttacaspius Kessler, 1877). Aquaculture Research, 42, 1131-1144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02701.x
• Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian medicinal plants: An Illustrated Dictionary. New York, USA: Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
• Labbé, C., & Maisse, G. (1996). Influence of rainbow trout thermal acclimation on sperm cryopreservation: relation to change in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane. Aquaculture, 145, 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01354-3
• Labbé, C., Maisse, G., Muller, K., Zachowski, A., Kaushik, S., & Loir, M. (1995). Thermal acclimation and dietary lipids alter the composition, but not fluidity, of trout sperm plasma membrane. Lipids, 30, 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02537038
• Lange, W., Brandenburg, W.A., & De Bock, T.S.M. (1999). Taxonomy and cultonomy of beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130, 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00785.x
• Lee, J.H., Son, C., & Kim, W. (2009). Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf supplementation improves antioxidant status in C57BL/6J mice fed high fat high cholesterol diet. Nutrition Research and Practice, 3(2), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2009.3.2.114
• Lin, H., Tan, X. & Zhou, C. (2015). Effect of dietary arginine levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Aquaculture, 437, 382-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.12.025
• Lucy, J.A. (1972). Functional and structural aspects of biological membranes: a suggested structural role for vitamin e in the control of membrane permeability and stability. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 203(1), 4-11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1972.tb27849.x
• Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004
• Nya, E.J., & Austin, B. (2009). Use of garlic, Allium sativum, to control Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Journal of Fish Diseases, 32, 963-970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01100.x
• Rabetafika, H.N., Gigot, C., Fauconnier, M., Ongena, M., Destain, J., Jardin, P., Wathelet, J.P., & Thonart, P. (2008). Sugar beet leaves as new source of hydroperoxide lyase in a bioprocess producing green-note aldehydes. Biotechnology Letters, 30, 1115-1119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9652-2
• Ravinder, K., Nasaruddin, K., Majumdar, K.C., & Shivaji, S. (1997). Computerized analysis of motility, motility patterns and motility parameters of spermatozoa of carp following short-term storage of semen. Journal of Fish Biology, 50, 1309-1328. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01655.x
• Rhodes, G., Huys, G., Swings, J., McGann, P., Hiney, M., Smith, P., & Pickup, R.W. (2000). Distribution of oxytetracycline resistance plasmids between aeromonads in hospital and aquaculture environments: implication of Tn1721 in dissemination of the tetracycline resistance determinant Tet A. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 3883-3890. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.9.3883-3890.2000
• Rinchard, J., Lee, K.J., Dabrowski, K., Ciereszko, A., Blom, J.H., & Ottobre, J.S. (2003). Influence of gossypol from dietary cottonseed meal on haematology, reproductive steroids and tissue gossypol enantiomer concentrations in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00253.x
• Rurangwa, E., Kime, D.E., Ollevier, F., & Nash, J.P. (2004). The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture, 234, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.12.006
• Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S., & Eliceiri, K.W. (2012). NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods, 9, 671-675. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
• Sévenier, R., Hal, R.D., Meer, I.M.V.D., Hakkert, H.J., Tunen, A.J.V., & Koops, A.J. (1998). High level fructan accumulation in a transgenic sugar beet. Nature Biotechnology, 16(9), 843-846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0998-843
• Tan, X., Sun, Z., Liu, Q., Ye, H., Zou, C., Ye, C., Wang, A., & Lin, H. (2018). Effects of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune responses, liver histology, and immune and apoptosis-related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂× Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀) fed high lipid diets. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 72, 399-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.022
• Tewary, A., & Patra, B.C. (2011). Oral administration of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) acts as a growth promoter and immunomodulator in Labeo rohita (Ham.). Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9546.1000109
• Tizkar, B., Kazemi, R., Alipour, A., Seidavi, A., Naseralavi, G., & Ponce-Palafox, J.T. (2015). Effects of dietary supplementation with astaxanthin and b-carotene on the semen quality of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Theriogenology, 84, 1111-1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.011
• Valentin, H.E., & Qi, Q. (2005). Biotechnological production and application of vitamin E: current state and prospects. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 68, 436-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-0017-7
• Wells, R.M.G., Baldwins, J., Seymour, R.S., Christian, K., & Brittain, T. (2005). Red blood cell function and haematology in two tropical freshwater fishes from Australia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 141, 87-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.04.005
• Wiegertjes, G.F., Stet, R.J., Parmentier, H.K., & Muiswinkel, W.B.V. (1996). Immunogenetics of disease resistance in fish: a comparative approach. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 20(6), 365-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-305X(96)00032-8
• Wilson-Leedy, J.G., & Ingermann, R.L. (2007). Development of a novel CASA system based on open source software for characterization of zebrafish sperm motility parameters. Theriogenology, 67, 661-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.003
• Woody, C.A., Nelson, J., & Ramstad, K. (2002). Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adult Sockeye Salmon: field trials. Journal of Fish Biology, 60, 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00284.x
• Zadmajid, V., Imanpoor, M.R, Shabani, A., & Baharlouei A. (2013). Evaluation of sperm characteristics and plasma testosterone in the goldfish (Carassius auratus) during four consecutive seasons. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 22, 703–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-012-1470-1