Çevresel Kaygı, Gelecek Zaman Perspektifi ve Ekoturizm Destinasyon İmajının Ekoturizm Niyetine Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 798 - 816, 30.11.2022

Şükran Karaca , İbrahim Yemez

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1103659

Cited By: 1

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı; çevresel kaygı, gelecek zaman perspektifi ve ekoturizm destinasyon imajının ekoturizm niyetine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında daha önce ekoturizm hizmeti satın almış, 18 yaşından büyük ve çevrimiçi anket tekniği ile 515 adet veri elde edilmiştir. Verilere SMARTPLS programıyla Faktör Analizi ve Yol Analizi uygulanmıştır. Faktör Analizi sonucunda ölçeğin uyum ve ayrışma geçerliliğini sağladığı ve güvenilir olduğu görülmüştür. Yol Analizi sonucunda ise Çevresel Kaygının Ekoturizm Destinasyon İmajını % 24, Ekoturizm Niyetini ise %46 oranında pozitif olarak etkilediği; Gelecek Zaman Perspektifinin Ekoturizm Destinasyon İmajını %31, Ekoturizm Niyetini ise %34 oranında pozitif olarak etkilediği ve son olarak Ekoturizm Destinasyon İmajının da Ekoturizm Niyetini %22 oranında pozitif etkilediği bulunmuştur. Tüm bağımsız değişkenlerin Ekoturizm Niyetini %42 oranında pozitif olarak etkilediği de bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda turistlerin ekoturizm niyetlerini arttırmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışma gelecek zaman perspektifini de içerdiği için literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan ayrılmaktadır ve ilgili Türkçe literatürü zenginleştirmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel Kaygı, Gelecek Zaman Perspektifi, Destinasyon İmajı, Ekoturizm Niyeti

Kaynakça

• Agerström, J. ve Björklund, F. (2013). Why people with an eye toward the future are more moral: the role of abstract thinking. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 373-381.
• Abidin, Z., Setiawan, B., Muhaimin, A.W., Shinta, A. ve Islamiyah, H. (2021). Effect of environmental concern and sustainability on revisit ıntention with environmental awareness as a mediating variable. Eco. Env. ve Cons. 27(1), 499-508.
• Baghırov, F. (2020). Sürdürülebilir pazarlama kapsamında sakin eğilimli turistlerin sakin destinasyonu yeniden ziyaret niyetlerinin planlı davranış teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmesi. Basılmamış Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Baran, Z. (2021). Destı̇nasyon pazarlamasında gastronomı̇k yöresel ürünlerı̇n rolü: Batı karadenı̇z örneğı̇. Ünal, A. (Ed.), Destinasyon Konulu Güncel Araştırmalar (ss.136-161), Çizgi Kitabevi.
• Bjork, P. (2000). Ecotourism from a conceptual perspective, an extended definition of a unique tourism form. International Journal of Tourism Research, 2(3), 189-202.
• Brochado, A (2019). Nature-based experiences in tree houses: guests' online reviews, Tourism Review, 74(3), 310-326.
• Canteiro, M., Córdova-Tapia, F. ve Brazeiro, A. (2018). Tourism impact assessment: A tool to evaluate the environmental impacts of touristic activities in natural protected areas. Tourism Management Perspectives, 220-227.
• Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. in: G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Methods for Business Research (pp. 295–358).
• Chiu, Y.T., Lee, W.I. ve Chen, T.H. (2014). Environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism: Antecedents and implications. Tourism Management, 321-329.
• Corral Verdugo, V., Fraijo–Sing, B. ve Pinheiro, J. (2006). Sustainable behavior and time perspective: present, past, and future orientations and their relationship with water conservation behavior. Interamerican Journal of Psychology. 40(2), 139–147.
• Dann, G. (1996). Tourists' images of a destination-An alternative analysis. Journal of Travel ve Tourism Marketing, 5(1–2), 41-55.
• De Guzzman, A. B., Labrador, S. E. Z. ve Rodil, F. A. (2019). Understanding Filipino tourists’ future time perspective and emotional experiences during delayed international flights through design triangulation. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 9(4), 324-336.
• Diamantis, D. (2010). The concept of ecotourism: Evolution and trends. Current Issues in Tourism, 2, 93-122.
• Doran, R., Hanss, D. ve Larsen, S. (2017). Intentions to make sustainable tourism choices: Do value orientations, time perspective, and efficacy beliefs explain individual differences?. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 17(3),223-238.
• Dunlap, R. ve Jones, R. E. (2002). Environmental concern: conceptual and measurement issues. In Dunlap, R. ve Michelson, W. (Ed.), Handbook of Environmental Sociology (pp.482-542), Greenwood Press.
• Eriksson, F. ve Lidström, M. (2013). Sustainable development in ecotourism. Tour operators managing the economic, social and environmental concerns of sustainable development in Costa Rica [Thesis]. Umea University.
• Fernández, J. I., Cárdenas-García, P. J. ve Espinosa-Pulido, J. (2019). Does environmental sustainability contribute to tourism growth? An analysis at the country level. Journal of Cleaner Production, 309-319.
• Fornell, C. ve Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.
• Galeazzo, A., Mandojana, N. ve Delgado Ceballos, J. (2020). Green procurement and financial performance in the tourism industry: the moderating role of tourists’ green purchasing behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(2), 1-17.
• Ghazvini, S., Timothy, D. ve Sarmento, J. (2020). Environmental concerns and attitudes of tourists towards national park uses and services. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 31, 100296.
• Hadinejad, A., Moyle, B. D., Scott, N., Kralj, A. ve Nunkoo, R. (2019). Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a review. Tourism Review, 74(2), 150-165.
• Han, H., Hsu, L.-T. J. ve Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management, 325-334.
• Hansla, A., Gamble, A., Juliusson, A. ve Gärling, T. (2008). The relationships between awareness of consequences, environmental concern, and value orientations. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 1-9.
• Hair, J.F. Jr., Tomas, G., Hult, M., Ringle, C., Sarstedt, M. (2016). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Edition 2.) Sage Publications Inc.
• Huang, Y.C. ve Liu, C.-H.S. (2017). Moderating and mediating roles of environmental concern and ecotourism experience for revisit intention. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(7), 1854-1872.
• Hultman, M., Kazeminia, A. ve Ghasemi, V. (2015). Intention to visit and willingness to pay premium for ecotourism: The impact of attitude, materialism, and motivation. Journal of Business Research, 1854-1861.
• Jiang, J. (2008). Evaulation of the potential of ecotourism to contribute to local sustainable development. A case study of tengtou village, China [Master Thesis]. Massey Universty, New Zealand.
• Kartal, M. ve Bardakçı, S. (2018). SPSS ve AMOS Uygulamalı Örneklerle Güvenirlilik ve Geçerlilik Analizi. (1. Baskı) Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi.
• Kimmel, J. (1999). Ecotourism as environmental learning. Journal of Environmental Education, 30(2), 40-45.
• Kiper, T. (2013). Role of ecotourism in sustainable development, Intech.
• L. Crompton, J. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, 408-424.
• Lam, T. ve Hsu, C. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4), 589-599.
• Lee, W. ve Moscardo, G. (2005). Understanding the impact of ecotourism resort experiences on tourists' environmental attitudes and behavioural intentions. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 13, 546-565.
• Li, T., Liu, F., ve Soutar, G. (2021). Experiences, post-trip destination image, satisfaction and loyalty: A study in an ecotourism context. Journal of Destination Marketing ve Management, 19, 98-115.
• Liu, Z. (2013). Sustainable Tourism Development: A Critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459-475.
• McNicol, B. ve Rettie, K. (2018). Tourism operators’ perspectives of environmental supply of guided tours in national parks. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 19-29.
• Milfont, T. ve Gouveiac, V. (2006). Time perspective and values: An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 72-82.
• Milfont, T., Wilson, J. ve Diniz, P. (2012). Time perspective and environmental engagement: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Psychology, 47(5), 325-334.
• Ocampo, L., Ebisa, J. A., Ombe, J. ve Escoto, M. G. (2018). Sustainable ecotourism indicators with fuzzy Delphi method – A Philippine perspective. Ecological Indicators, 874-888.
• Özkurt, S. ve Öcel, Y. (2021). Algılanan kent rekabetçiliğinin kent markalaşması üzerine etkisi: Düzce ili ekoturizm örneği, Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 236-259.
• Papista, E. ve Krystallis, A. (2013). Investigating the types of value and cost of green brands: proposition of a conceptual framework. J. Bus. Ethics, 115(1), 75-92.
• Pham, H. ve Chı, T. K. H. (2020). Ecotourism intention: the roles of environmental concern, time perspective and destination image. Tourism Review, 1660-5373.
• Russell, C. (1994). Ecotourism as experiential environmental education?, Journal of Experiential Education 17(1), 16-22.
• San Martin, H. ve Rodríguez del Bosque, I. A. (2008). Exploring the cognitive-affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in ıts formation. Tourism Management, 29(2), 263-7.
• Schaffer, V. ve Tham, A (2019). Engaging tourists as citizen scientists in marine tourism, Tourism Review, 75(2), 333-346.
• Shoji, Y. ve Tsuge, T. (2015). Heterogeneous preferences for winter nature-based tours in sub-frigid climate zones: A latent class approach. Tourism Econ, 387-407.
• Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D. S. ve Edwards, S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing ımmediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(4), 742-752.
• Tavşancıl, E. (2014). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Teeroovengadum, V. (2019). Environmental identity and ecotourism behaviours: An examination of the direct and indirect effects. Tourism Review, 74(2), 280-292.
• Thi Khanh, C. N. ve Phong, P. L. (2020). Impact of environmental belief and nature-based destination image on ecotourism attitude. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 3(4), 489-505.
• Tseng, M.-L., Lin, C., Lin, C.-W. R., Wu, K.-J. ve Sriphon, T. (2019). Ecotourism development in Thailand: community participation leads to the value of attractions using linguistic preferences. Journal of Cleaner Production, 1319-1329.
• UNWCED (1987). Our common future (The Brundtland Report). Oxford University Press, USA.
• Verma, V., Chandra, B. ve Kumar, S. (2019). Values and ascribed responsibility to predict consumers' attitude and concern towards green hotel visit intention. Journal of Business Research, 96, 206-216.
• Wittmann, M. ve Sircova, A. (2018). Dispositional orientation to the present and future and its role in pro-environmental behavior and sustainability. Heliyon, 4(10), e00882.
• Yaşlıoğlu, M.(2017). Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46, 74-85.
• Yılmaz, V. ve Kinaş, Y. (2020). Kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle bir elektrik dağıtım şirketinin hizmet kalitesinin araştırılması. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 437-456.
• Zhang, H. ve Lei, S. L. (2012). A structural model of residents’ intention to participate in ecotourism: The case of a wetland community. Tourism Management, 33(4), 916-925.
• Zimbardo , P., Keough, K. ve Boyd, J. (1997). Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving. Personality and Individual Differences, 1007-1023.