MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL OBSTRUCTION AND TASK SABOTAGE IN HOTEL BUSINESSES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 425 - 450, 27.03.2023

Aslı Özge Özgen Çiğdemli , Mehmet Selman Kobanoğlu , Selen Uygungil Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1227773

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between organizational obstruction, task sabotage and organizational cynicism and to determine whether organizational cynicism has a mediating role in this relationship. For this purpose, the study was designed with a quantitative research model and correlational research design, the data were collected from 424 employees working in four and five-star hotels in Antalya by face-to-face and online survey technique, and structural equation modeling was used for analysing the data. According to the results, a positive and significant relationship was found between the organizational obstruction perceptions and task sabotage behavior of hotel employees. In addition, it is among the results obtained that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational cynicism and perceived organizational obstruction and task sabotage, while organizational cynicism has not a mediating role. In this context, as long as the obstacles perceived by the organization are not removed, the employees in the hotels may develop cynical behaviors and have tendencies to sabotage the task. It is expected that the study will contribute to the literature in terms of revealing the relationship between organizational obstruction and task sabotage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Organizational obstruction, task sabotage, organizational cynicism, social exchange theory, hotel employees

OTEL İŞLETMELERİNDE ALGILANAN ÖRGÜTSEL ENGEL VE GÖREV SABOTAJI İLİŞKİSİNDE ÖRGÜTSEL SİNİZMİN ARACILIK ROLÜ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı örgütsel engel, görev sabotajı ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve örgütsel sinizmin bu ilişkide aracılık rolünün olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda çalışma nicel araştırma yöntemi ve ilişkisel tarama deseni ile tasarlanmış, veriler Antalya ilindeki dört ve beş yıldızlı otellerde görev yapan 424 işgörenden yüz yüze ve online anket tekniği ile toplanmış, verilerin analizinde yapısal eşitlik modellemesinden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, turizm çalışanlarının örgütsel engel algıları ile görev sabotajı arasında pozitif ve anlamlı yönde ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak, örgütsel sinizm ile algılanan örgütsel engel arasında ve görev sabotajı arasında pozitif ve anlamlı yönlü bir ilişkinin olduğu, örgütsel sinizmin ise herhangi bir aracılık rolünün bulunmadığı elde edilen sonuçlar arasındadır. Bu bağlamda, otellerde görev yapan işgörenlerin örgüt tarafından algıladıkları engeller ortadan kaldırılmadıkça, sinik davranışlar geliştirebileceği ve görevi sabote eğilimlerinin olabileceği, bu nedenle yöneticilerin örgütsel engel algısına yol açan faktörleri ortadan kaldırması gerektiği yönetsel olarak verilebilecek öneriler arasındadır. Çalışmanın örgütsel engel ve görev sabotajı ilişkisini ortaya koyması açısından da literatüre katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Örgütsel engel, görev sabotajı, örgütsel sinizm, sosyal mübadele teorisi, otel işgörenleri, Organizational obstruction, task sabotage, organizational cynicism, social exchange theory, hotel employees

Kaynakça

• Abubakar, A.M., & Arasli, H. (2016). Dear top management, please don’t make me a cynic: intention to sabotage. Journal of Management Development, 35(10), 1266-1286. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2015-0164
• Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
• Ak, M. (2020). Relationship between organizational stress and organizational cynicism in the tourism industry: A study. Ş. Aydın, B.B. Dedeoğlu, Ö. Çoban (Ed.), Organizational behavior challenges in the tourism industry içinde (s. 353-371). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
• Akhtar, M.W., Syed, F., Javed, M., & Husnain, M. (2020). Grey shade of work environment triad–effect of supervisor ostracism and perceived organizational obstruction on employees' behaviour: A moderated-mediation model. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 41(5), 669-686. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0334
• Altıntaş, F.Ç. (2009). Kişiliğin algılanan örgütsel sabotaj davranışları üzerindeki etkisi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 27(1), 95-111.
• Ambrose, M.L., Seabright, M.A., & Schminke, M. (2002). Sabotage in the workplace: The role of organizational injustice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89(1), 947-965. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-5978(02)00037-7 Analoui, F. (1995). Workplace sabotage: Its styles, motives and management. Journal of Management Development, 14 (7): 48-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719510097361
• Andersson, L.M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11), 1395–1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679604901102
• Aydemir, C. (2020). Algılanan örgütsel engelin işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19. Uluslararası İşletmecilik Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 258-268. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846510
• Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.J., Luthans, F. & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resources Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127-152. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq
• Balıkçıoğlu, S., & Altay, H. (2014). Determining the relationship between the attitudes of organizational cynicism and commitment of the employes in hospitality business. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2(14), 133-157.
• Bernerth, J.B., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S., & Walker, H.J. (2007). Justice, cynicism, and commitment: A study of important organizational change variables. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(3), 303-326. https://dio.org/10.1177/0021886306296602
• Biswas, S. and Kapil, K. (2017). Linking perceived organizational support and organizational justice to employees’ in-role performance and organizational cynicism through organizational trust: A field investigation in India. Journal of Management Development, 36(5), 696-711. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-04-2016-0052
• BAKA-Batı Akdeniz Kalkınma Ajansı. (2020). Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi İstihdam Analizi 2020. https://baka.ka.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/bati-akdeniz-bolgesi-istihdam-analizi.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
• Brandes P., Dharwadkar R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does organizational cynicism matter? employee and supervisor perspectives on work outcomes, 36th Annual Meeting of the Eastern Academy of Management’da sunulan bildiri, Philadelphia:PA
• Brandes, P., & Das, D. (2006). Locating behavioral cynicism at work: Construct issues and performance implications. P.L., Perrewé, & D.C., Ganster (Ed.). Employee health, coping and methodologies (research in occupational stress and well being) içinde (s. 233-266). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1479-3555(05)05007-9
• Brown, K.A., & Mitchell, T.R. (1993). Organizational obstacles: Links with financial performance, customer satisfaction, and job satisfaction in a service environment. Human Relations, 46(6), 725–757. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679304600603
• Byrne, Z.S., & Hochwarter, W.A. (2008). Perceived organizational support and performance: Relationships across levels of organizational cynicism. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1), 54-72. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940810849666
• Byrne, B. M. (2011). Structural equation modeling with AMOS Basic concepts, applications, and programming (Multivariate Applications Series), Routledge, New York.
• Çekmecelioğlu, H.G., & Pelenk, S.E. (2015). Örgütsel engellerin, örgütsel bağlılık ve iş performansı üzerindeki etkileri: Kocaeli lastik işletmelerinde bir araştırma. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, KOSBED. 29, 143-164.
• Çetin, M., & Maral, M. (2021). Yıkıcı liderlik ile algılanan örgütsel engel arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(38), 5006-5041. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.843064
• Çetinkaya, F.F. (2018). Psikolojik sözleşme ihlalleri ve örgütsel sinizm ilişkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 652-674. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.412
• Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E.L., Daniels, S.R., & Hall, A.V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
• Dean, J.W., Brandes, P., & Dharwadkar, R. (1998). Organizational cynicism. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 341-352. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.533230
• Delken, M. (2004). Organizational cynicism: a study among call centers (Unpublished master thesis). Maastricht: University of Maastricht.
• Deprez, G.R.M., Bazine, N., Fréour, L., Peña-Jimenez, M., Cangialosi, N., & Battistelli, A. (2021). From feedback seeking to psychological attachment, the mediating role of adaptive performance in perceived obstruction context. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24. e1. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.1
• Dias, T.R.F.V., & Martens, C.D.P. (2019). Business failure and the dimension of entrepreneurial learning: Study with entrepreneurs of micro and small-sized enterprises. Brazilian Journal of Management, 12(1), 107-124. https://doi.org/10.5902/19834659 19162
• DiBattista, R.A. (1996). Forecasting sabotage events in the workplace. Public Personnel Management, 25(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/009102609602500104
• Durrah, O., Chaudhary, M., & Gharib, M. (2019). Organizational cynicism and its impact on organizational pride in industrial organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(7), 1203. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071203
• Edmondson, D.R., Matthews, L.M., & Ward, C.B. (2019). An exploratory study of retail sales employees’ service sabotage: Examining the impact of emotional exhaustion and organizational support. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 29(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2018.1552529
• Emerson, R.M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2(1), 335–362. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.02.080176
• Ferris, D.L., Brown, D.J., Berry, J.W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743
• Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, ıntention and behavior: An ıntroduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
• Giacalone, R.A., & Knouse, S.B. (1990). Justifying wrongful employee behavior: The role of personality in organizational sabotage. Journal of Business Ethics, 9, 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00382564
• Gibney, R.F., Jr. (2007). Cognitive organizational obstruction: Its nature, antecedents and consequences. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.
• Gibney, R., Zagenczyk, T.J., & Masters, M.F. (2009), The negative aspects of social exchange: An introduction to perceived organizational obstruction. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601109350987
• Gibney, R.A.Y., Zagenczyk, T.J., Fuller, J.B., Hester, K.I.M., & Caner, T. (2011). Exploring organizational obstruction and the expanded model of organizational identification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(5), 1083-1109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00748.x
• Gillespie, N., & Dietz, G. (2009). Trust repair after an organization-level failure. Academy of Management Review, 34(1), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.35713319
• Gouldner, A.W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25(2), 161-178. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092623
• Gürlek, M., & Yeşiltaş, M. (2020). The effect of abusive supervision on service sabotage: A mediation and moderation Analysis. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 8(1), 151-176. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.695159
• Hagger, M.S., Chatzisarantis, N.L.D., & Biddle, S.J.H. (2002). A meta-analytic review of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior in physical activity: Predictive validity and the contribution of additional variables. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 24, 133–150.
• Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis a global perspective. Ontario: Pearson, Global Edition.
• Harris, L.C., & Ogbonna, E. (2002). Exploring service sabotage. Journal of Service Research, 4(3), 163-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670502004003001
• Hsieh, H.H., & Kao, K.Y. (2022). Beyond individual job insecurity: A multilevel examination of job insecurity climate on work engagement and job satisfaction. Stress and Health, 38(1), 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3082
• Horn, B., Kiras, J.D., & Spencer, E. (2021). The (in)visible hand: Strategic sabotage case studies. Ontario: Cansofcom Education & Research Centre.
• Kalağan, G. (2009). Araştırma görevlilerinin örgütsel destek algıları ile örgütsel sinizm tutumları arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Antalya: Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Kalağan, G., & Güzeller, C.O. (2010). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sinizm düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 27(27), 83-97.
• Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
• Kasalak, G., & Bilgin Aksu, M. (2014). The relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational cynicism of research assistants. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 14(1), 125-133.
• Kim, S., Jung, K., Noh, G., & Kang, L.K. (2019). What makes employees cynical in public organizations? Antecedents of organizational cynicism. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(6), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8011
• Kobanoğlu, M.S. (2022). Örgütsel Sinizm. Y.S. Oğuzhan (Ed.), Negatif Yönleriyle Örgütlerde Davranış Biçimleri içinde (s. 35-64). Çanakkale: Paradigma Akademi Yayınları.
• Koçak D. (2019). Algılanan örgütsel engel ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması ve işte kalma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 7(1), 58-77. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v7i1.1043
• Koçak, D., (2020), Psikolojik güvenlik ve çalışan performansı arasındaki ilişki: Algılanan örgütsel engelin aracı iş güvencesizliğinin düzenleyici etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 34(1): 123-145. https://doi.org/10.16951/atauniiibd.620054
• Koçak, Y. (2021). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel sapma davranışlarının, sanal kaytarma ve örgütsel engeller ile öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Elazığ: Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Koçak, D., & Kerse, G. (2022). How perceived organizational obstruction influences job satisfaction: The roles of interactional justice and organizational identification. SAGE Open, 12(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244022107993
• Kökalan, Ö. (2019). The effect of organizational cynicism on job satisfaction: Testing the mediational role of perceived organizational spirituality. Management Research Review, 42(5), 625-640. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0090
• Kurtulay, Z., Uluca, E., & İstanbullu Dinçer, F. (2018). Konaklama işletmelerinde örgütsel iklim ve örgütsel sinizm. Ş. Özdemir (Ed.) 19. Ulusal Turizm Kongresi Kitabı içinde (s. 462-474). İzmir: Egeus Matbaası.
• Lee, J.J., & Ok, C.M. (2014). Understanding hotel employees’ service sabotage: Emotional labor perspective based on conservation of resources theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.08.014
• Mackey, J.D., McAllister, C.P., Brees, J.R., Huang, L., & Carson, J.E. (2018). Perceived organizational obstruction: A mediator that addresses source-target misalignment between abusive supervision and OCBs. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(10), 1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2293
• Maslach, C., & Leiter, M.P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 2016(15), 103-111.
• Mellahi, K., & Wilkinson, A. (2010). Managing and coping with organizational failure: Introduction to the special issue. Group & Organization Management, 35(5), 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601110383404
• Miles, J.A. (2012). Management and organization theory: A Jossey-Bass Reader. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
• Mirvis, P.H., & Kanter, D.L. (1989). Combating cynicism in the workplace. National Productivity Review. 8(4), 377-394.
• Mirvis, P.H., & Kanter, D.L. (1991). Beyond demography: A psychographic profile of the workforce. Human Resource Management, 30(1), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.3930300104
• Nafei, W.A., & Kaifi, B.A. (2013). The impact of organizational cynicism on organizational commitment: An applied study on teaching hospitals in Egypt. European Journal of Business and Management. 5(12), 131-147.
• Narayanan, K., & Murphy, S.E. (2017). Conceptual framework on workplace deviance behaviour: A review. Journal of Human Values, 23(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685817713284
• Navran, F.J. (1991). Silent saboteurs. Executive Excellence. 8(4),11-13. Peng, J-M, Guan, X-H., & Huan, T-C. (2021). Not always co-creating brand: effects of perceived justice on employee brand sabotage behaviours in the hotel industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(3), 973-993. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2020-0991
• Riege, A. (2005). Three‐dozen knowledge‐sharing barriers managers must consider. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9(3), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270510602746
• Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Breward, K.E. (2018). Essentials of organizational behaviour. Ontario: Pearson.
• Sarwar, A., Abdullah, M.I., Hafeez, H., & Chughtai, M.A. (2020). How does workplace ostracism lead to service sabotage behavior in nurses: A conservation of resources perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00850
• Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit structural equation models:tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23-74.
• Serenko, A. (2019). Knowledge sabotage as an extreme form of counterproductive knowledge behavior: conceptualization, typology, and empirical demonstration. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(7), 1260–1288. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-01-2018-0007
• Archimi, C.S., Reynaud, E., Yasin, H.M., & Bhatti, Z.A. (2018). How perceived corporate social responsibility affects employee cynicism: The mediating role of organizational trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 151(4), 907-921. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3882-6
• Sertel, G., & Tanriögen, Z.M. (2019). The Relationship between self-sabotage and organizational climate of schools. Educational Research and Reviews, 14(15), 541-550. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2019.3784
• Skarlicki, D.P., Van Jaarsveld, D.D., & Walker, D.D. (2008). Getting even for customer mistreatment: the role of moral identity in the relationship between customer interpersonal injustice and employee sabotage. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1335-1347. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012704
• Thundiyil, T.G., Chiaburu, D.S., Oh, I.-S., Banks, G.C., & Peng, A.C. (2015). Cynical about change? A preliminary meta-analysis and future research agenda. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 51(4), 429–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886315603122
• Tükeltürk, Ş.A., Perçin, N.Ş., & Güzel, B. (2014). Psychological contract breaches and organizational cynicism at hotels. Revista Tinerilor Economişti (The Young Economists Journal). 9(19), 194-213.
• Türkiye Otelciler Federasyonu-TUROFED. (2022). Antalya tesis istatistikleri. https://www.turofed.org.tr/_files/_pdf/antalya.pdf adresinden erişildi.
• Umana, E.A., & Okafor, L.C. (2019). Employee/management sabotage effects on organizational output. Journal of Management and Strategy, 10(3), 37-47. https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v10n3p37
• Uygungil, S. ve İşcan, Ö.F. (2018). Pozitif psikolojik sermaye, örgütsel bağlılık ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 31, 435-453.
• Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J.A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.2307/256902
• Yalçın, İ., Bayram, A., & Akça, C. (2019). Algılanan örgütsel adaletin örgütsel sabotaja etkilerinin tespitine yönelik bir araştırma. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(2), 252-263. https://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.519116
• Yasin, T., & Khalid, S. (2015). Organizational cynicism, work related quality of life and organizational commitment in employees. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS). 9(2), 568-582.
• Yesirlili, U. (2022). Turizm işletmelerinde örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel sabotaj ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki: Edirne ili örneği (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Edirne: Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
• Yeşiltaş, M., & Tuna, M. (2018). The effect of ethical leadership on service sabotage. The Service Industries Journal, 38(15-16), 1133-1159. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1433164 Yolal, M. (2016). Turizm Araştırmalarında Örnekleme. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
• Zhou, X., Ma, J., ve Dong, X. (2018). Empowering supervision and service sabotage: A moderated mediation model based on conservation of resources theory. Tourism Management, 64, 170-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.06.016