Growing Degree Day and Seed Yield Relationships in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Under Different Sowing Seasons and Locations of Turkey

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 298 - 308, 05.09.2019

Fatma Kayaçetin , Fadul Önemli , Güngör Yılmaz , Khalid Mahmood Khawar Ahmet Kınay , Halil Hatipoğlu Mehmet Niyazi Kıvılcım Nimet Kara , Arzu Köse , Fırat Sefaoğlu Kadir Aytaç Özaydın

https://doi.org/10.15832/ankutbd.424218

Cited By: 7

Öz

Mustard is grown in mild winter regions as late fall and in hard winter regions as late spring crop. Mustard has high degree of adaptability under wide range of climatic conditions in Turkey. Temperature is an important weather parameter affecting the growth and development of the mustard. The sum growing degree day (GDD) for a growing season is related to plant development which is depends on the accumulation of heat. The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation of mustard, under sowing seasons (spring and fall sowing) and locations in terms of crop growth (emergence, 50% flowering, physiological maturity, and sum growing degree days) and seed yield of mustard. Two-year field experiments in a split-plot design with four replications were carried out during 2013-14 and 2014-15 growing seasons  at eight different ecological locations. These locations included Ankara, Aydın, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Isparta, Tekirdağ, Tokat and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey-as classified by Köppen-Geiger ecological conditions. The Brassica juncea L. (mustard seeds) were collected from wild conditions in the Konya province of Turkey. The results showed that, sowing seasons and locations significantly affected seed yield and GDD. The maximum seed yield of 3754.9 kg ha-1 was obtained from Tokat (warm humid) during fall sowing with total accumulated GDD of 1512.1 °C for mustard. Sum growing degree-days accumulated in different sowing seasons and locations occurred between 1132.0 °C and 2285.1 °C depending on the related ecological conditions. Fall season crop in Aydın location had the maximum growing degree days. Overall, fall season accumulated more growing degree days due to longer period of sunshine in comparison to spring season with less sunshine days resulting in longer vegetation period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Brassica juncea L.; Fall and spring sowing; Growing degree day; Mustard

Kaynakça

• Amirnia R, Ghiyasi M, Tajbakhsh M (2012). Farklı Gelişme Yüksekliklerin Hardal Otunun (Sinapis arvensis L) Bazı Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi 5 (2): 144-147
• Başbağ M, Demirel R, Avcı M (2010). Some Quality Traits Of Different Wild Plants. Science Biol. 2 (1) 36-39Berti MT, Johnson BL (2008). Growth and development of cuphea. Ind Crop Prod 27: 265–271
• Blackshaw R, Johnson E, Gan Y, May W, McAndrew D, Barthet V, McDonald T, Wispinski D (2011). Alternative oilseed crops for biodiesel feedstock on the Canadian prairies. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 9 (5):889-896
• Dutta A, Dutta SK, Jena S, Nath R, Bandyopadhyay P, Chakraborty K (2011). Effect of growing degree days on biological growth indices of wheat and mustard. Journal of Crop and Weed 7(1):70-76
• Ghosh RK, Chatterjee BN (1988) Effect of dates of sowing on oil content and fatty acid profiles of Ministry of Indian mustard. Indian J. Oil Seed Res. 5: 144-149
• Hocking PJ, Kırkegaard JA, Angus JF, Gibson AH, Koet EA (1997). Comporison of Canola Indian Mustard and Linola in Two Contrasting Environments I Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Dry-Matter Production Seed Yield and Seed Quality. Field Crop Research 49 (2-3) 107-125
• İptaş S, Kolsarıcı Ö (1988). Yabancı kökenli yağlık ve yemlik kolza (Brassica napus ssp oleifera L) çeşitlerinin tarımsal özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması Ankara Ünv Ziraat Fak Yıllığı 39(1-2):267-277
• Johnson BL, Zakaria AKM, Hanson BK (2003). Row spacing interaction on spring canola performance in the North Great Plains. Agronomy Journal 95(3):703-708Kaleem S, Hassan FU, Saleem A (2009). Influence of environmental variations on physiological attributes of sunflower. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8: 3531-3539
• Kaleem S, Hassan FU, Razzaq A (2010). Growth rhythms in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L) in response to environmental disparity. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 9:2442-2251
• Kayacetin F, Ogut H, Oguz H, Subasi I, Deveci H (2016). Determination of the Effect of Row Spacing and Fall and Spring Sowing on Composition of Fatty Acid and Biodiesel Fuel Characteristics of Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L). Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola Journal (ISSN: 0254-0223) 21-11 (54-69)
• Kondra ZP, Campbell DC, King RJ (1983). Temperature Effects on Germination of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L and B Campestris L). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 63: 1063-1067
• Loss SP, Siddique KHM (1994). Morphological and physiological traits associated with wheat yield increases in Mediterranean environments. Adv. Agron. 52 229-276Mao S, Han Y, Wu X, An T, Tang J, Shen J, Li Z (2012). Comparative genomic in situ hybridization analysis of the genomic relationship among Sinapis arvensis, Brassica rapa and Brassica nigra. Herditas (Lund) 149:(3) 86-90
• Malcolm J, Morrison D, Stewart W (2002). Heat Stress during Flowering in Summer Brassica. Crop Science Society of America Crop Sci. 42:797–803
• Miller P, Lanier W, Brandt S (2001). Using Growing Degree Days to Predict Plant Stages Montana State University http://storemsuextensionorg/publications/AgandNaturalResources/MT200103AGpdf
• Morrison MJ, McVetty PBE, Shaykewich CF (1989). The determination and verification of baseline temperature for the growth of westar summer rape. Can J Pl Sci 69: 455-464
• Pyare R, Prasad K, Dixit V, Khan N, Sonker TC (2008). Effect of row spacings and sulphur on growth yield attributes yield and economics of mustard [Brassica juncea (L) Czern and Coss]. Journal Plant Archives 8(2)633-635
• Qadir G, Hassan F, Malik MA (2007). Growing Degree Days and Yield Relationship in Sunflower. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1560-8530/2007/09-4-564-568
• Saran G, Giri G (1987). Influence of Dates of Sowing on Brassica Species Under Semi-Arid Rainfed Conditions of NORTH-WEST. India Journal of Agricultural Science 109(3):561-566
• Schuster W, Taghizadeh A (1981). On the yield structure of some spring rape varieties. Uber Die Ertragsstruktur Einiger Sommerrepssorten Bayerischess Landwirtschaftliches Jahrbuck 58(2):212-216
• Shafii B, Mahler KA, Price WJ, Auld DL (1992). Genotype x Environment Interaction on Winter Rapeseed Yield and Oil Content. Crop Science 32 (4): 922-927Singh MP, Lallu-Singh NB (2014). Thermal requirement of indian mustard (Brassica juncea) at different phonological stages under late sown condition Ind J Plant Physiol 19(3):238–243
• Stannard M, Brunty J, Pan B (2000). Planting Dates for Autumn Cover Crops in the Irrigated Columbia Basin Technical Notes AgronomyWashingtonhttp://wwwnrcsusdagov/Internet/FSE_PLANTMATERIALS /publications/wapmctn440700pdf
• Turner NC, Wright GC, Siddique KHM (2001). Adaptation of grain legumes (pulses) to water limited environments. Adv. Agron. 71 193-231
• Wahhab MA, Mondal MRI, Akbar MA, Alam MS, Ahmed MU, Begum F (2002). Status of oil crop production in Bangladesh. Oil seed Research Centre Bangladesh Agril Research Institute Joydebpur Gazipur pp: 9-10
• Walton GPS, Bowden B (1999). Environmental Impact on Canola Yield and Oil GCIRC 10 th International Rapeseed Congress Australia http://wwwregionalorgau/au/gcirc/2/136htm
• Wu X, Chen B, Lu G, Wang H, Xu K, Guizhan G, Song Y (2011). Genetic diversity in oil and vegetable mustard (Brassica juncea) landraces revealed by SRAP markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 56 7 1011-1022