Roma Mozaik Sanatında Gastronomi Öğelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 15 - 31, 31.07.2023

Murat Doğan , Ece Nur İkibudak

Öz

Avrupa'dan Afrika'ya ve oradan Asya'ya kadar olan geniş bir coğrafyada yaklaşık bin yıl ve üç kıtayı etkilemiş olan Roma sanatı; resim, mermer, mozaik, gümüş ve bronz eserler, toprak kaplar da dâhil birçok gastronomi öğesini barındırmaktadır. Roma sanatının en önemlilerinden biri olan Mozaik Sanatı dış mekânlarda, binaların iç mekân duvarlarında ve zeminlerinde icra edilmiş olup şaheser sayılabilecek kadar zengin nitelikte eserlerdir. Mozaik sanatçıları ise geleneksel olan Roma stilini geliştirerek sanatçılıklarını ustalıkla göstermişlerdir. Çalışmada Roma Dönemi mozaiklerinin gastronomi öğeleri açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma deseni olarak nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan doküman incelemesi ve göstergebilim yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi sonucu gastronomi öğesi içeren toplam on beş mozaik kompozisyonuna ulaşılmış olup göstergebilim yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Özellikle mozaiklerde; sebzelerin, meyvelerin, av hayvanların, büyük ve küçükbaş hayvanlar ile deniz ürünlerinin gastronomi öğeleri olarak kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Av sahneleri ve sempozyum sahnelerinden kültür, sosyalleşme, yeme-içme alışkanlıkları ve yemek konusunda pek çok bilgiyi içermektedir. Ayrıca Roma dönemi sanat ve gastronomi ilişkisi açısından Asarotos oikos mozaiğinin önemli bir eser olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Roma mozaik sanatı Roma yaşamı hakkında pek çok bilgiyi barındırmasının yanında gastronomisi hakkında da eşsiz bir bilgi kaynağıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gastronomi, Gastronomi öğeleri, Mozaik, Mozaik sanatı, Roma mozaikleri

Evaluation of Gastronomy Items in Roman Mosaic Art

Öz

The Roman art, which has affected three continents for about a thousand years in a wide geography from Europe to Africa and from there to Asia, contains many gastronomic items, including paintings, marble, mosaics, silver and bronze works, and earthenware. Mosaic art, one of the most important Roman arts, was performed outdoors, on the interior walls and floors of buildings. Mosaic artists, on the other hand, developed the traditional Roman style and created works of such rich quality that they can be considered masterpieces. This study is aimed at evaluating the Roman Period mosaics in terms of gastronomic elements. As part of the research design, document analysis, and semiotics methods from qualitative research was used. As a result of the document review, a total of fifteen mosaic compositions containing gastronomy elements were reached and analyzed with the semiotics method. In particular, it was determined that vegetables, fruits, game animals (large and small cattle), and seafood were used as gastronomic items in the mosaics. It contains a lot of information about culture, socialization, eating and drinking habits, and food from hunting scenes and symposium scenes. In addition, it has been determined that the Asarotos oikos mosaic is an important work in terms of the relationship between art and gastronomy in the Roman period. Overall, Roman mosaic art contains a lot of information about Roman life as well as being a unique source of information about gastronomy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gastronomy, Gastronomy items, Mosaic, Mosaic art, Roman mosaics

Kaynakça

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