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A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 546 - 557, 15.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1557501

Öz

The waste economy, which is based on the use of wastes that are previously produced and/or produced during the production/consumption process and contain valuable substances for production and pose a significant threat to nature, humans and other living beings, as an alternative to depleting production resources, is a mandatory activity that must be implemented. The waste economy is the process of obtaining production inputs necessary to meet human needs from wastes. The aim of this study is to examine whether wastewater produced by air conditioners at zero cost can be used as an alternative water source to meet the increasing water demand. The study method is the literature review method and scientific studies on the subject, academic publications, digital resources, documents, reports, opinions and evaluations published by authorized and expert national/international persons, institutions and organizations on the subject were used as the study material. The study findings support the fact that waste is an important source of raw materials when evaluated correctly, and that the costs incurred to manage these wastes are instantly transformed into production investments (waste recycling revenue in the world in 2020 was 135 billion dollars). Similarly, the study findings support the fact that evaluating air conditioning wastewater will create significant economic value. Tons of water produced by approximately 2 billion air conditioners in the world (a 1-ton air conditioner produces 1.10 litres of wastewater per hour) and used for various purposes such as drinking and irrigation, which should be used for the economy, are wasted. According to the study findings, wastes (water, plastic, electronics, organic, etc.), which could provide significant economic gains but are not evaluated and cause great economic losses and costs, provide strong evidence that they will be a source of raw materials that meet our needs.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

None

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Abdullah MA, Mursalin R. 2021. Condensed water recycling in an air conditioning unit. IJRDO, 18(3): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1803021319
  • Akram MW, Mursalin R, Hassan MM, Islam MR, Choudhury SK. 2018. Recycling of condensed water from an air conditioning unit. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), 8-9 February, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, pp: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC4ME2.2018.8465612
  • AlGhamdi SA, Alromi D, Jambi E, Alzughaibi T, Al-Ansari A. 2024. Heavy metals and microbial assessment of air conditioning condensate water in Jeddah city-Saudi Arabia: concept of sustainable water resources. Sustain. Water Resour Manag, 2024: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-024-01122-2
  • Ali S, Shirazi F. 2023. The Paradigm of circular economy and an effective electronic waste management. Sustainabil, 15(3): 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031998
  • Alom MdM, Ahsanb A, Imteaz M. 2021. Quantity and quality of condensate air conditioner water for potential use in drinking purpose. Desalination Water Treat, 210: 164–169. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26571
  • ATO, 2023. Su raporu. Ankara Ticaret Borsası (ATO). URL: https://www.ankaratb.org.tr/lib_upload/Su%20raporu.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Bastos CS, Calmon JL. 2013. Using condensed water of air conditioners for toilet flushing: A Case Study in Brazil J Archit Civ Eng, 7(1): 98-104. URL: https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/5553107865bb7.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Bautista-Olivas AL, Cruz-Bautista F, Álvarez-Chávez CR, Zavala-Reyna AG, Sánchez-Landero LA, Alvarado-Ibarra J. 2017. Concentration of heavy metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three Mexican localities. Atmósfera, 30(3): 209-220. https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.2017.30.03.02
  • Biniş M. 2023. Türkiye’de çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik mali teşvikler: Geri Dönüşüm Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniv Sosy Bil Derg, 77: 31-52. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1246296
  • CCR, 1978. California code of regulations, Title 22 Social Security. URL: https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/title -22 (accessed date: December 27, .2024)
  • Dinka MO. 2018. Safe drinking water: concepts, benefits, principles and standards. In: Glavan M. editor. Water Chal Urb World. Intechopen, London, UK, pp: 163-182. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71352
  • Dünya Gazetesi. 2024. Split klima pazarı yüzde 35 büyüdü ihracat 2 kat arttı. URL: https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/split-klima-pazari-yuzde-35-buyudu-ihracat-2-kat-artti-haberi-726836 (accessed date: August 28, 2024).
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  • Elveren M, Varol T, Osma E. 2018. klima atik sularinin, buğday ve arpa üzerindeki etkilerinin araştirilmasi. Erzincan Üniv Fen Bilim Enst derg, 11(3): 467-477. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.408094
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  • Forti V. 2020. Global electronic waste up 21% in five years, and recycling isn’t keeping up. URL: https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/global-electronic-waste-up-21-in-five-years-and-recycling-isnt-keeping-up (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Galindo RM. 2019. Air conditioning condensate: a potential water source and a creeping destroyer. URL: http://conf.e-jikei.org/ICTCBW/2019/proceedings/materials/proc_files/GS_papers/camerareadymanuscript_GS_ICTCBW2019_A017.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Glawe D, Wooten M, Lye B. 2016. Quality of condensate from air-handling units. ASHRAE J, 58(12): 14-23. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/216391004.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
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A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 546 - 557, 15.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1557501

Öz

The waste economy, which is based on the use of wastes that are previously produced and/or produced during the production/consumption process and contain valuable substances for production and pose a significant threat to nature, humans and other living beings, as an alternative to depleting production resources, is a mandatory activity that must be implemented. The waste economy is the process of obtaining production inputs necessary to meet human needs from wastes. The aim of this study is to examine whether wastewater produced by air conditioners at zero cost can be used as an alternative water source to meet the increasing water demand. The study method is the literature review method and scientific studies on the subject, academic publications, digital resources, documents, reports, opinions and evaluations published by authorized and expert national/international persons, institutions and organizations on the subject were used as the study material. The study findings support the fact that waste is an important source of raw materials when evaluated correctly, and that the costs incurred to manage these wastes are instantly transformed into production investments (waste recycling revenue in the world in 2020 was 135 billion dollars). Similarly, the study findings support the fact that evaluating air conditioning wastewater will create significant economic value. Tons of water produced by approximately 2 billion air conditioners in the world (a 1-ton air conditioner produces 1.10 litres of wastewater per hour) and used for various purposes such as drinking and irrigation, which should be used for the economy, are wasted. According to the study findings, wastes (water, plastic, electronics, organic, etc.), which could provide significant economic gains but are not evaluated and cause great economic losses and costs, provide strong evidence that they will be a source of raw materials that meet our needs.

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Proje Numarası

None

Teşekkür

None

Kaynakça

  • Abdullah MA, Mursalin R. 2021. Condensed water recycling in an air conditioning unit. IJRDO, 18(3): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1803021319
  • Akram MW, Mursalin R, Hassan MM, Islam MR, Choudhury SK. 2018. Recycling of condensed water from an air conditioning unit. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), 8-9 February, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, pp: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC4ME2.2018.8465612
  • AlGhamdi SA, Alromi D, Jambi E, Alzughaibi T, Al-Ansari A. 2024. Heavy metals and microbial assessment of air conditioning condensate water in Jeddah city-Saudi Arabia: concept of sustainable water resources. Sustain. Water Resour Manag, 2024: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-024-01122-2
  • Ali S, Shirazi F. 2023. The Paradigm of circular economy and an effective electronic waste management. Sustainabil, 15(3): 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031998
  • Alom MdM, Ahsanb A, Imteaz M. 2021. Quantity and quality of condensate air conditioner water for potential use in drinking purpose. Desalination Water Treat, 210: 164–169. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.26571
  • ATO, 2023. Su raporu. Ankara Ticaret Borsası (ATO). URL: https://www.ankaratb.org.tr/lib_upload/Su%20raporu.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Bastos CS, Calmon JL. 2013. Using condensed water of air conditioners for toilet flushing: A Case Study in Brazil J Archit Civ Eng, 7(1): 98-104. URL: https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/5553107865bb7.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Bautista-Olivas AL, Cruz-Bautista F, Álvarez-Chávez CR, Zavala-Reyna AG, Sánchez-Landero LA, Alvarado-Ibarra J. 2017. Concentration of heavy metals in condensed atmospheric water vapor at three Mexican localities. Atmósfera, 30(3): 209-220. https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.2017.30.03.02
  • Biniş M. 2023. Türkiye’de çevresel sürdürülebilirliğe yönelik mali teşvikler: Geri Dönüşüm Örneği. Dumlupınar Üniv Sosy Bil Derg, 77: 31-52. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1246296
  • CCR, 1978. California code of regulations, Title 22 Social Security. URL: https://www.law.cornell.edu/regulations/california/title -22 (accessed date: December 27, .2024)
  • Dinka MO. 2018. Safe drinking water: concepts, benefits, principles and standards. In: Glavan M. editor. Water Chal Urb World. Intechopen, London, UK, pp: 163-182. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71352
  • Dünya Gazetesi. 2024. Split klima pazarı yüzde 35 büyüdü ihracat 2 kat arttı. URL: https://www.dunya.com/sektorler/split-klima-pazari-yuzde-35-buyudu-ihracat-2-kat-artti-haberi-726836 (accessed date: August 28, 2024).
  • EC. 2023. Aggravating resource scarcity. European Commission (EU), Knowledge for policy, Megatrends Hub. https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/navigation-page/megatrends-hub_en
  • Elveren M, Varol T, Osma E. 2018. klima atik sularinin, buğday ve arpa üzerindeki etkilerinin araştirilmasi. Erzincan Üniv Fen Bilim Enst derg, 11(3): 467-477. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.408094
  • ENERGY.GOV. 2015. History of air conditioning. Author: Paul Lester. URL: https://www.energy.gov/articles/history-air-conditioning (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • EPA. 1992. Waste water treatment manuals. Envir Protec Agen. URL: https://www.epa.ie/publications/compliance--enforcement/waste-water/EPA_water_treatment_manual_-small-comm_business.pdf (accessed date: December 27, 2024)
  • EPA. 2020. National Overview: Facts and figures about materials, waste and recycling. URL: https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Forti V. 2020. Global electronic waste up 21% in five years, and recycling isn’t keeping up. URL: https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/global-electronic-waste-up-21-in-five-years-and-recycling-isnt-keeping-up (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Galindo RM. 2019. Air conditioning condensate: a potential water source and a creeping destroyer. URL: http://conf.e-jikei.org/ICTCBW/2019/proceedings/materials/proc_files/GS_papers/camerareadymanuscript_GS_ICTCBW2019_A017.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Glawe D, Wooten M, Lye B. 2016. Quality of condensate from air-handling units. ASHRAE J, 58(12): 14-23. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/216391004.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Guarnieri G, Olivieri B, Senna G, Vianello A. 2023. Relative humidity and its impact on the immune system and infections. Int J Mol Sci, 24(11): 9456. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119456
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  • Mandpe A, Paliya S, Gedam VV, Patel S, Tyagi L, Kumar S. 2022. Circular economy approach for sustainable solid waste management: A developing economy perspective. Waste Manag Res, 41(3): 499-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X221126718
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  • Mashudi, Sulistiowati R., Handoyo S, Mulyandari E, Hamzah N. 2023. Innovative strategies and technologies in waste management in the modern era integration of sustainable principles, resource efficiency, and environmental impact. Int J Sci Soc, 5(4): 87-100. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v5i4.767
  • Matarneh S, AlQaraleh L, Alkhrissat T, Abdel-Jaber M, 2024. Assessing water production from air conditioning systems as an unconventional supply source: A focus on water quality and social acceptance perspectives. Case Stud Chem Environ Eng, 9: 100585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100585
  • Mishra K, Siwal SS, Nayaka SC, Guan Z, Thakur VK. 2023. Waste-to-chemicals: Green solutions for bioeconomy markets. Sci Total Environ. 887: 164006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164006
  • Mishra, R. K. (2023). Fresh Water availability and Its Global challenge. Br j multidiscip adv stud., 4(3): 1–78. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0208
  • Mısır A, Arıkan OA, 2023. Zero waste management and circular economy. In: Cleaner Production, Green Consensus and Sustainable Waste Management, In: Aydın ME, Engin G. editors. Cleaner Production, Green Consensus and Sustainable Waste Management. Turkish Academy of Sciences Publication, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 205-224. https://doi.org/10.53478/TUBA.978-625-8352-57-3.ch11
  • Nayanathara PGC, Pilapitiya T, Ratnayake AS. 2024.The world of plastic waste: A review. Cleaner Materials, 11: 100220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2024.100220
  • Noutcha MAE, Damiete O, Johnny Jr. M, Ngozi O, Ezera CU, Okiwelu SN. 2016. Quantity and quality of water condensate from air conditioners and its potential uses at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Adv Appl Sci Res 7(6): 45-48. URL: https://www.primescholars.com/articles/quantity-and-quality-of-water-condensate-from-air-conditioners-and-its-potential-uses-at-the-university-of-port-harcourt-nigeria.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Okeyinka OM, Ogundipe OO, Oloke DA, Adesogan SO. 2021. Reclaimed air conditioner condensate as alternative source of water in hot humid region. IOSR-JMCE, 18(6): 25-30. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-1806012530
  • Rabbi K. 2021. E-waste creating employment electronic recycling. URL: https://urbanerecycling.com/e-waste-creating-employment/ (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
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  • Ritchie H. 2024. Air conditioning causes around 3% of greenhouse gas emissions. How will this change in the future? Published online at OurWorldinData.org. URL: https://ourworldindata.org/air-conditioning-causes-around-greenhouse-gas-emissions-will-change-future (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Sabnis A, Kale M, Dhanorkar M, Kale S. 2020. Quality testing of air conditioner condensate and its potential in water conservation. JWARP, 12: 93-101. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2020.122006
  • Saraoğlu E. 2014. Arıtılmış atıksuların tarımsal sulamada yeniden kullanımı-ülkemizden ve dünyadan başarılı örnekler ve türkiye için uygulama önerileri. Uzmanlık Tezi, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, Ankara, pp: 1-105. https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/destek/icerikler/ece_saraoglu_uzmanl-k-_tez--20191127122309.pdf (accessed date: December 27, .2024)
  • Sayğı H. 2022. Use of different agricultural wastes as plant nutrient material (organic fertilizer) in strawberry cultivation. In: Proceedings of the EurAsia Waste Management Symposium, October 24-26, İstanbul, Türkiye, p: 1-11. URL: https://www.eurasiasymposium.com/EWMS_2022/files/Hall2_2022/Session-4/157_Saygi.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • Sayğı H. 2023. Effect of municipal solid waste compost on yield, plant growth and nutrient elements in strawberry cultivation. Sustainability, 15(12): 9447. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129447
  • Scalize P, Soares S, Alves A, Marques T, Mesquita G, Ballaminut N, Albuquerque A. 2018. Use of condensed water from air conditioning systems. Open Eng, 8(1): 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2018-0031
  • Seyhan N. 2023. AB’de döngüsel ekonomi üretim ve tüketim göstergelerinin değerlendirilmesi: MEREC Temelli MARCOS Uygulaması. SMAR, 4(3): 364-391. https://doi.org/10.54733/smar.1338423
  • Siam L, Al-Khatib IA, Anayah F, Jodeh S, Hanbali G, Khalaf B, Deghles A. 2019. Developing a strategy to recover condensate water from air conditioners in palestine. Water, 11(8): 1696. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081696
  • Sırım V. 2018. İslam iktisadinda ihtiyaç kavrami. IBAD, 3(2): 910-919. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.478646
  • Snidvongs S, Vongsumran K. 2020. Air conditioner waste-water recovery. Green En Lif Sci, pp: 1-9. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341521299_Air_Conditioner_Waste-Water_Recovery (Accessed date: August 30, 2024)
  • Statista. 2024 Revenue of waste management and remediation services in the United States from 2010 to 2024. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1386774/revenue-waste-management-industry-us/ (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
  • SUDER, 2024. Suyun önemi. SUDER (Ambalajlı Su Üreticileri Derneği). URL: https://suder.org.tr/saglikli-su-hidrasyon/suyun-onemi/ (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
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  • Uddin S, Omar A, Alam A. 2019. Assessment of quantity and quality of condensate water from air conditioners. In: Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Water and Environmental Engineering (iCWEE2019), 19-22 Jan, Dhaka, p: 84-93. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333015165_Assessment_of_Quantity_and_Quality_of_Condensate_Water_from_Air_Conditioners (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
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  • WEF. 2023. Circular economy: The enormous opportunity of e-waste recycling. World Economic Forum (WEF). URL: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/03/the-enormous-opportunity-of-e-waste-recycling/ (accessed date: August 28, 2024)
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  • Woods J, James N, Kozubal E, Bonnema E, Brief K, Voeller L, Rivest J. 2022. Humidity’s impact on greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning. Joule 6: 726–741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.013
  • WWF. 2021. Plastics: The cost to society, the environment and the economy. A report for World Wide Fund for Natüre (WWF) by Dalberg, pp: 1-48. URL: https://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/wwfintl/tcops/index.php#/p/1 (accessed date: August 30, 2024)
  • WWF. 2023. Su kitliği kapimizda. 22 Mart Dünya Su Günü. URL: https://www.wwf.org.tr/?13200/dunyasugunu (accessed date: August 28, 2024).
  • Xu A, Wu YH, Chen Z, Wu G, Wu Q, Ling F, Huang WE, Hu HY. 2020. Towards the new era of wastewater treatment of China: development history, current status, and future directions. Water Cycle 1: 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2020.06.004
  • Yıldız NÇ. 2016. Suyun fiyatlandirilmasinda kavramsal çerçeve ve temel yaklaşimlar. SPD – Hidropolitik Akademi. URL: https://hidropolitikakademi.org/uploads/wp/2016/08/SUYUN-F%C4%B0YATLANDIRILMASINDA-KAVRAMSAL-%C3%87ER%C3%87EVE.pdf (accessed date: August 28, 2024).
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Atık Yönetimi, Azaltma, Yeniden Kullanım ve Geri Dönüşüm
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Hülya Sayğı 0000-0002-2327-566X

Proje Numarası None
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 14 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sayğı, H. (2025). A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(2), 546-557. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1557501
AMA Sayğı H. A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater. BSJ Eng. Sci. Mart 2025;8(2):546-557. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1557501
Chicago Sayğı, Hülya. “A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, sy. 2 (Mart 2025): 546-57. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1557501.
EndNote Sayğı H (01 Mart 2025) A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 2 546–557.
IEEE H. Sayğı, “A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 546–557, 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1557501.
ISNAD Sayğı, Hülya. “A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/2 (Mart 2025), 546-557. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1557501.
JAMA Sayğı H. A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:546–557.
MLA Sayğı, Hülya. “A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 8, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 546-57, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1557501.
Vancouver Sayğı H. A Solution to Waste Economy and Water Scarcity; Air Conditioning Wastewater. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(2):546-57.

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