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İklim Değişikliğinin Tarım Ürünleri ve Böcekler Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2, 535 - 564, 15.12.2024

Meltem Erdem Küçük , Hilal Tunca

https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1417075

Öz

İklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma, dünya genelinde tarım endüstrisini büyük ölçüde etkilemekte ve günümüz toplumunda en çok tartışılan konular arasında yer almaktadır. İklim değişikliği sonucunda sıcaklıkların yükselmesinin, atmosferde CO2 konsantrasyonlarının artmasının ve değişen yağış miktarı gibi olumsuz koşulların tarımsal üretim ve tarım zararlısı böcekler üzerine önemli etkisi bulunmaktadır. İklim değişiklikleri zararlı ve faydalı böcekleri çeşitli şekillerde etkileyebilir. Bu etkiler tarım zararlısı böceklerin coğrafi dağılımlarının genişlemesine, kışı canlı geçiren türlerin hayatta kalma oranının artmasına, döl sayısının yükselmesine, bitkiler ve zararlılar arasındaki dengenin değişmesine, türler arası etkileşimin değişmesine, göç eden zararlılar tarafından istila riskinin artmasına, böceklerle bulaşan bitki hastalıklarının görülme sıklığının artmasına ve özellikle biyolojik mücadele etmenlerinin etkinliğinin azalmasına neden olabilir. Bu sebepler nedeniyle, tarımsal üretimde ürün kaybı ve gıda güvenliği ciddi bir sorunla karşı karşıya kalabilir. Zararlı böcekler ile bu böceklerin predatörleri ve parazitoitleri iklim değişikliğine farklı şekillerde cevap verirler. Yüksek sıcaklık böceklerin doğal düşmanları tarafından saldırıya uğrayacakları dönemleri daha kısa sürede geçirmelerine sebep olur. Dolayısıyla zararlı böcek ve onun doğal düşmanı arasındaki ilişki sıcaklığın artmasından dolayı önemli derecede etkilenmiş olacaktır. Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliğinin tarım zararlısı böcekler üzerindeki etkilerine karşı yapılacak olan öncelikli araştırmalar tartışılmaktadır. Bu öncelikli araştırmalar arasında, modifiye edilmiş entegre zararlı yönetimi stratejileri, iklim ve zararlı böcek popülasyonlarının izlenmesi ve modelleme tahmin araçlarının kullanımı sayılabilir. Sonuç olarak, iklim değişikliğinin tarım zararlısı böcekler üzerine olumsuz etkisi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar araştırılmış ve gelecekte ihtiyaç duyulan zararlı böceklerle mücadele yönetim stratejileri ve uyulması gereken mevzuat detaylı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, böcek popülasyonlarını korumak için uygun yöntemlerin neler olabileceği değerlendirilmiş olup iklim değişikliği sorunu ile başa çıkmak için proaktif ve bilimsel bir yaklaşımın gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği küresel ısınma tarım böcekler

Kaynakça

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The Effect of Climate Change On Agricultural Products and Insects

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2, 535 - 564, 15.12.2024

Meltem Erdem Küçük , Hilal Tunca

https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1417075

Öz

Climate change and global warming greatly affect the agricultural industry worldwide and are among the most discussed topics today. Various factors, such as temperature increases as a result of climate change, increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, and changing rainfall amounts as a result of climate change, cause very negative effects on crop production, benefitial insects and agricultural pests. The most significant environmental factor influencing the dynamics of insect populations is temperature, so it is anticipated that rising global climate warnings will cause an increase in their geographic range, overwintering survival, number of generations, risk of invasive insect species and plant diseases, and interactions with natural enemies and host plants. Future pest management strategies are desperately needed as climate change makes the pest problem worse. Pests and their predators and parasitoids respond to climate change in different ways. High temperatures cause insects to have a shorter period of time when they will be attacked by their natural enemies. Therefore, the relationship between the pest and its natural enemy will be significantly affected by the increase in temperature. These include the use of the modelling prediction tools that are provided here, the monitoring of the climate and pest populations, and updated integrated pest control strategies. As a result, studies on the negative effects of climate change on agricultural pests have been investigated, and management strategies for combating pests needed in the future and legislation to be followed have been evaluated in detail. Additionally, appropriate methods to protect insect populations were evaluated, and it was concluded that a proactive and scientific approach is required to deal with the problem of climate change.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate change global warming agriculture insects

Kaynakça

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  • Zhang, Q., Dai, W., Wang, X. and Li, J. 2020. Elevated CO2 concentration affects the defense of tobacco and melon against Lepidopteran larvae through the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 4060.
Toplam 159 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Bitki Koruma (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Meltem Erdem Küçük 0000-0003-3107-8946

Hilal Tunca 0000-0003-3073-6628

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ekim 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Erdem Küçük, M., & Tunca, H. (2024). İklim Değişikliğinin Tarım Ürünleri ve Böcekler Üzerindeki Etkisi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(2), 535-564. https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1417075
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Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludag University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.