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Categorization of Biostimulants: Current Situation in Turkey

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 185 - 200, 30.12.2016

Barkın Külahtaş , Burçin Çokuysal

Öz

Biostimulants are the substances that are applied to plants as root, foliar and seed applications, which are enhancing plants’ growth, nutritional status, stress resistance, quality and yield. Biostimulants may contain organic, inorganic compounds and microorganisms together or as individual. Some of the ingredients of biostimulants maintain soil structure. Biostimulants are permitted to use in agriculture in Turkey since 2002, also their global market is estimated 2.91 USD by 2021, at a compound annual growth rate of 10.4% from 2016 to 2021. Most of the industries of mentioned products are located in USA and Europe. In general; biostimulants do not directly affect pests, so they are not classified as pesticides. In Turkey; these products are added to Official Newspaper’s (17th of February 1999, Issue No: 23614) “Pesticide Like Materials” definition, following the signification of “insect traps” as “plant activators” in 2002. Biostimulants are not classified as fertilizers regardless of they comprise nutrients or not. Their classification is still uncertain although some researchers specified the important categories. These categories are; humic and fulvic acids, amino acids and other N containing compounds, seaweed and plant extracts, chitin and chitosan biopolymers, inorganic compounds, beneficial fungi and beneficial bacteria. This review examines the biostimulants under the mentioned categories and their effects on plants’ physiology, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amino acid Plant Activator Biostimulant Fulvic Acids Humic Acids.

Kaynakça

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Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3, 185 - 200, 30.12.2016

Barkın Külahtaş , Burçin Çokuysal

Öz

Biyostimülantlar, bitki gelişimini, bitkilerin beslenmesini, ürün kalitesini ve verimini olumlu yönde etkilemek; bitkilerin strese dayanıklılığını arttırmak amacıyla; bitkilere yapraktan, topraktan veya tohuma uygulanan, içeriğinde organik veya inorganik bileşikler, mikroorganizmalar bulundurabilen, ayrıca bazılarının toprak yapısını düzenleyici etkileri de bulunan materyallerdir. Sözü edilen materyaller Türkiye’de 2002 yılından itibaren izinli olarak tüketilmekte olup, dünya çapında pazarının 2016-2021 yılları arasında, yıllık % 10.4 artış ile 2.91 milyar Amerikan Doları olması beklenmektedir. Anılan ürünlerin endüstrileri özellikle Amerika ve Avrupa kıtalarında bulunmaktadır. Biyostimülantlar; genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde zararlılar üzerine doğrudan etkili olmadıkları için pestisit sınıfına dâhil edilmemektedirler. Ülkemizde ise, 17/2/1999 tarihli ve 23614 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan Zirai Mücadelede Kullanılan Pestisit ve Benzeri Maddelerin Ruhsatlandırılması Hakkında Yönetmeliğin 4 üncü maddesinde yer alan “Pestisit Benzeri Maddeler” tanımına “tuzaklar” ifadesinden sonra gelmek üzere “bitki aktivatörleri” ifadesi eklenmiştir. Ancak bununla birlikte sözü edilen ürünler; içeriklerinde bitki besin elementi bulunmasına bakılmaksızın gübre sınıfına da dâhil edilmemektedirler. Biyostimülantların sınıflandırmaları tamamen kesinleşmemekle birlikte, bazı araştırıcılar tarafından önemli kategorileri belirlemiştir. Bu kategoriler; humik ve fulvik asitler, amino asitler ve diğer azotlu bileşikler, deniz yosunu ve bitki ekstraktları, kitin ve kitosan benzeri polimerler, inorganik bileşikler, yararlı mantarlar ve yararlı bakteriler şeklindedir. Bu çalışmada biyostimülantlar, belirtilen kategoriler altında incelenmiş olup, biyostimülant uygulamalarının bitki fizyolojisine, bitkilerin besin elementi alımlarına ve stres toleransına etkileri derlenmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Amino Asit Bitki Aktivatörü Biyostimülant Fulvik Asit Humik Asit.

Kaynakça

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  • Sheng, X., F., He, L., Y. (2006) Solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by a wild-type strain of Bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. Can J Microbiol 52:66–72.
  • Sinha, R., K., Valani, D., Chauhan, K., Agarwal, S. (2014) Embarking on a second green revolution for sustainable agriculture by vermiculture biotechnology using earthworms: reviving the dreams of Sir Charles Darwin. Int J Agric Health Saf 2014, 1:50–64.
  • Smith, S., E., Jakobsen, I., Grønlund, M., Smith, F., A. (2011) Roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in plant phosphorus nutrition: interactions between pathways of phosphorus uptake in arbuscular mycorrhizal roots have important implications for understanding and manipulating plant phosphorus acquisition. Plant Physiol 156:1050–1057.
  • Soldal, T., Nissen, P. (1978) Multiphasic uptake of amino acids by barley roots. Physiol Plant 43:181–188.
  • Stiegler, J., C., Richardson, M., D., Karcher, D., E., Roberts, T., L., Norman, R., J. (2013) Foliar absorption of various inorganic and organic nitrogen sources by creeping bentgrass. Crop Sci 52:1148–1152.
  • Suzuki, N., Koussevitzky, S., Mittler, R., Miller, G. (2012) ROS and redox signaling in the response of plants to abiotic stress. Plant Cell Environ 35:259–270.
  • Tahir, M., M., Khurshid, M., Khan, M., Z., Abbasi, M., K., Hazmi, M., H. (2011) Lignite-derived humic acid effect on growth of wheat plants in different soils. Pedosphere 2:124–131.
  • Taiz, L. ve Zeiger, E. (2008). Bitki Fizyolojisi. Palme Yayın, 690s.
  • Tao, G., C., Tian, S., J., Cai, M., Y., Xie, G., H. (2008) Phosphate solubilizing and –mineralizing abilities of bacteria isolated from soils. Pedosphere 18:515–523.
  • Vera, J., Castro, J., Contreras, R., González, A., Moenne, A. (2012). Oligo-carrageenans induce a long-term and broad-range protection against pathogens in tobacco plants (var. Xanthi). Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 79:31–39.
  • Vessey, J., K. (2003) Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant Soil 255:571–586. doi:10.1023/ a:1026037216893.
  • Vranova, V., Rejsek, K., Skene, K., R., Formanck, P. (2011) Non-protein amino acids: plant, soil and acosysteminteractions. Plant Soil 342:31–48.
  • Walch-Liu, P., Ivanov, I., I., Filleur, S. (2006a) Nitrogen regulation of root branching. Ann Bot 97:875–881.
  • Walch-Liu, P., Liu, L., H., Remans, T., Tester, M., Forde, B., G. (2006b) Evidence that L-Glutamate can act as an exogenous signal to modulate root growth and branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 47:1045–1057.
  • Wally, O., S., .D., Critchley, A., T., Hiltz, D., Craigie, J., S., Han, X., Zaharia, L., I., Abrams, S., R., Prithiviraj, B., (2013a) Regulation of phytohormone biosynthesis andaccumulation in Arabidopsis Following treatment with commercial extractfrom the marine macroalga ascophyllum nodosum. J. Plant Growth Regul. 32,324–339.
  • Wally, O., S., D., Critchley, A., T., Hiltz, D., Craigie, J., S., Han, X., Zaharia, L., I., Abrams, S., R., ,Prithiviraj, B., (2013b) Erratum to: regulation of phytohormone biosynthesisand accumulation in arabidopsis following treatment with commercial extractfrom the marine macroalga ascophyllum nodosum. J. Plant Growth Regul. 32,340–341.
  • Watson, R., Fowden, L. (1975) The uptake of phenylalanine and tyrosine by seedling root tips. Phytochemistry 14:1181–1186.
  • Xudan, X. (1986) The effect of foliar application of fulvic acid on water use, nutrient uptake and yield in wheat. Aust J Agric Res 37:343–350.
  • Yazdani, M., Pirdashti, H. (2011) Efficiency of co–inoculation phosphate solubilizer microorganisms (psm) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on micronutrients uptake in corn (Zea mays L.). Int Res J Appl Basic Sci 2:28–34.
Toplam 124 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Barkın Külahtaş

Burçin Çokuysal

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Külahtaş, B., & Çokuysal, B. (2016). Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, 31(3), 185-200.
AMA Külahtaş B, Çokuysal B. Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. Aralık 2016;31(3):185-200.
Chicago Külahtaş, Barkın, ve Burçin Çokuysal. “Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması Ve Türkiye’deki Durumu”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31, sy. 3 (Aralık 2016): 185-200.
EndNote Külahtaş B, Çokuysal B (01 Aralık 2016) Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31 3 185–200.
IEEE B. Külahtaş ve B. Çokuysal, “Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu”, Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der., c. 31, sy. 3, ss. 185–200, 2016.
ISNAD Külahtaş, Barkın - Çokuysal, Burçin. “Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması Ve Türkiye’deki Durumu”. Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi 31/3 (Aralık 2016), 185-200.
JAMA Külahtaş B, Çokuysal B. Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. 2016;31:185–200.
MLA Külahtaş, Barkın ve Burçin Çokuysal. “Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması Ve Türkiye’deki Durumu”. Çukurova Tarım Ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 31, sy. 3, 2016, ss. 185-00.
Vancouver Külahtaş B, Çokuysal B. Biyostimulantların Sınıflandırılması ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Çukurova Tarım Gıda Bil. Der. 2016;31(3):185-200.
 Kapak Resmi İndir

“Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi” yayın hayatına 1 Ocak 2016 tarihi itibariyle “Çukurova Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi” adıyla devam etmektedir.


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