Integrated Management of Ascochyta Blight on Chickpea Germplasm in Pakistan

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 53 - 62, 30.06.2022

Hira Nawaz , Sadaf Naz Amjad Abbas Hefza Afzal , Waqas Liaqat , Mukaddes Kayım

https://doi.org/10.36846/CJAFS.2022.73

Öz

Chickpea, an important pulses product of Pakistan, ranks 3rd among legumes in the world. The most important fungal disease agent of chickpea Ascochyta rabiei is anthracnose, which causes 50 - 70% yield losses in chickpeas. In this study, 10 chickpea genotypes inoculated with A. rabiei were screened. Under artificial inoculum pressure, agronomic and physiological data were recorded. To manage this disease, the commercial preparation of the biocontrol antagonist Trichoderma harzianum and some fungicides were then applied to these genotypes. The resistivity of pathogen spores to T. harzianum antagonist and fungicides was tested in vitro. While the chemical fungicides performed equal inhibition with the 1st and 2nd levels, the 3rd and 4th levels of inhibition differed from each other. The biological antagonist commercial T. harzianum was found to be effective in anthracnose disease control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antagonist, Ascochyta rabiei, Chemical management, Chickpea Biomass, Chickpea screening, cell membrane stability

Pakistan'da Nohut Germplazmında Ascochyta Blight'ın Entegre Mücadelesi

Öz

Pakistan'nın önemli bir bakliyat ürünü olan nohut, dünyada baklagiller arasında 3. Sırada yer almaktadır. Nohut’un en önemli fungal hastalık etmeni Ascochyta rabiei nohutta %50 - 70 arasında verim kayıplarına neden olan antraknozdur. Bu çalışmada A. rabiei ile inoküle edilmiş 10 nohut genotipinde tarama yapılmıştır. Yapay inokulum ile agronomik ve fizyolojik veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu hastalıkla mücadele için, daha sonra bu genotiplere biyokontrol antagonist Trichoderma harzianum ticari preparatı ve bazı fungisitler uygulanmıştır. İn vitro koşullarda patojen sporlarının T. harzianum antagonisti ve fungistlere karşı dirençleri test edilmiştir. Kimyasal fungisitler 1. ve 2. seviye ile eşit inhibisyon gerçekleştirirken 3. ve 4. seviye inhibisyonda biribirinden farklılık göstermiştir. Biyolojik antagonist ticari T. harzianum preparatı hastalık kontrolünde etkili bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ascochyta rabiei, Antagonist, Hücre zarı dayanıklılığ, Hücre zarı dayanıklılığı, Kimyasal mücadele, Nohut biyokütlesi

Kaynakça

• Abbas, A. S., Plattner, K.H., Shah, H., Bohlmann, H. (2013). Comparison of periplasmic and intracellular expression of Arabidopsis thionin proteins in E. coli. Biotechnollett. 35: 1085-1091.
• Ahmad, S., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, I., Iqbal, Z., Ashraf, E., Atiq, M., Ali Y., Naseer, S. (2021). Efficacy of fungicides, plant extracts and biocontrol agents against Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under field conditions. Plant Science Today. 8(2):255–262. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.1007.
• Ali, M. A., Niaz, S., Abbas, A., Sabir W., Jabran, K. (2009b). Genetic diversity and assessment of drought tolerant sorghum landraces based on morph-physiological traits at different growth stages. Plant Omics J. 2: 214-227.
• Ali, M. A., Niaz, S., Abbas, A., Sabir W., Jabran, K. (2011). Genetic diversity and assessment of drought tolerant sorghum landraces based on morph-physiological traits at different growth stages. Plant Omics J. 2: 214-227.
• Barnett, K. C., Hunter, F. (1972). Sources of resistance to Fusarium wilt of chickpea in Sudan, Phytopathol. Mediterr. 41: 163–169.
• Bisen, K., Singh, V., Keswani, C., Ray, S., Sarma, B. K., Singh, H. B. (2020). Use of Biocontrol Agents for the Management of Seed-Borne Diseases. In Seed-Borne Diseases of Agricultural Crops: Detection, Diagnosis & Management. Springer, Singapore. 651-63.
• Chongo, G., Banniza, S., Gan, Y., Wolf, T., Warkentin, T. (2003). Fungicide application timing, sequences, and tank mix for controlling blight in chickpea. Proceedings of the Soils and Crops Workshop, The University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, 11–12 February (2003) (CD-ROM).
• Demirci, F., Bayraktar, H., Baballogullu, I., Dolar, F.S., Maden. S. (2003). In vitro and in vivo effects of some fungicides against the chickpea blight pathogen Ascochyta rabiei. J. Phytopathol. 151: 519-524.
• FAOSTAT. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Bulletin of Statistics. Crop. Production. (2017). http://www.faostat.fao.org.
• Farooq, A. D., Govil J. N., Rana, B.S. (2005). Stability of host plant resistance to wilt F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in chickpea. Int. J. Trop. Pl. Dis. 2: 55-60.
• Gan Y.T., Siddique K.H.M., MacLeod W.J., Jayakumar. P. (2006). Management options for minimizing the damage by ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Field Crops Research Volume 97, Issues 2–3, Pages 121-134.
• GOP. Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Cooperatives, Govt. of Pakistan. Food and Agriculture Division, (Planning Unit), Islamabad. 2017.
• Hernandez-Terrones, M.G., Morais, S.A., Ferreira. S., Santos, D.Q., Nascimento EA, Chang R. (2007). Phytochemistry and allelophatic study of Pterodon emarginatus stem extract. Planta daninha. 25(4):755-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582007000400012.
• Iqbal, S. M., Rauf, C. A., Bakhsh, A., Iqbal. U. (2005). Variability in F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Mycopath. 3: 47-51.
• Jamil, F.F., Sarwar, M. U., Sarwar, N. I., Khan, J. A., Zahid, M. H., Yousaf, S., Arshad, H. M., Haq, I. (2010). Genotyping with RAPD markers resolves pathotype diversity in the Ascochyta blight and Fusarium wilt pathogens of chickpea in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 42(2):1369-78.
• Keogh, J., Singhae, A., Khalid, T. (1980). Screening of chickpea germplasm and fungi toxicants against chickpea wilt disease. M.Sc. Thesis, Deptt. P1. Pathol. Univ. Agric. Faisalabad, Pakistan.
• Khajista, J., Javaid, A., Ahmad, E., Athar, M. (2011). Antifungal compounds from Melia azedarach leaves for management of Ascochyta rabiei, the cause of chickpea blight. Natural product research. 25(3):264-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786411003754298.
• Lubian, C., Martinha, D.D., Portz, R., Goncalves, M.P., Holz, S., Marcelino, W.L., Nogueira, A. C., Thome, R.M., Missio, V.C., Cordeiro, J., Feroldi, L.T. (2019). Anthelmintic activity of plant aqueous extracts against Panagrellus redivivus In-vitro. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico. 86. https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000672018.
• MacLeod, W.J., Galloway, A. (2002). Identification and Management of Foliar Diseases of Chickpeas Department of Agriculture Western Australia, Australia.
• MacLeod, W. J., Harrod, A., Harries, M., Blyth, M., Brandon, N., Young, L. (2002). Ascochyta blight of chickpea “Pulse research and industry development in Western Australia—2001”, Agribusiness Crop Updates, Perth, Australia. Malik, B. A., Bashir, M. (1984). Strategies for controlling gram blight. Progressive farming. 4:21-23.
• Mehrotra, R. S., Aggarwal. A. (2003). Plant Pathology 2nd Edition Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing company Limited New Delhi India. 823.
• Pande, S., Siddique, K. H., Kishore, G. K., Bayaa, B., Gaur, P. M., Gowda, C. L., Bretag, T. W., Crouch, J. H. (2005). Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): a review of biology, pathogenicity and disease management. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 56(4):317-32. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR04143.
• Shafique, S., Shafique, S., Neha. J. K. (2011). Antifungal activity of n-hexane extracts of Datura metel against Ascochyta rabiei. Mycopath. 6: 31-35.
• Shtienberg, D., Vintal, H., Brener, S., Retig, B. (2000). Rational management of Didymella rabiei in chickpea by integration of genotype resistance and post infection application of fungicides Phytopathology, 90: 834-842.
• Tadesse, M., Turoop, L., Ojiewo, C. O. (2017). Survey of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei Pass.) disease status in production regions of Ethiopia. Plant Science. 2017;5(1):22-30. http://oar.icrisat.org/id/eprint/9971.
• Walter, D. G. (2009). Studies on the disinfection of chickpea seeds (Cicer arietinum) infected with Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr. (in France) Ann. Inst. Phytopathol. Benaki., 5: 76-87.