Gıdalara Yeni Bir Terapötik Yaklaşım: microRNA

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 1266 - 1274, 31.12.2019

Alper Baran , Ahmet Erdoğan , Mehmet Cemal Adgıüzel Tamer Turgut

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.476771

Öz

Sekanslama teknolojisinin
gelişmesiyle birlikte hücreler arası iletişimde rol oynadığı belirlenen 19-24
bazlık uzunluğa sahip mikroRNA (miRNA)’lar keşfedilmiştir. Bu miRNA’ların
insanda hücrenin gelişimi ve farklılaşmasının yanı sıra metabolizmada da önemli
görevleri bulunmaktadır. Mikroveziküller içerisinde taşınan miRNA’lar bu sayede
aşırı pH ve sıcaklık gibi koşullara bağlı olarak parçalanmaktan korunur.  Yapılan güncel çalışmalarda miRNA ekspresyonu
ile gıdaların metabolizmada hücresel düzeyde faaliyetleri düzenlediği
belirlenmiştir. İlk defa diyetlerine pirinç konularak beslenen farelerde
yapılan bir çalışmayla pirinçe ait miR-168a’nın farelerin sindirim sistemi
tarafından absorbe edildiği belirlenmiş ve bu miRNA’nın kolesterol
transportunda rol oynayan LDLRAP1 mRNA ekspresyonunu engellediği tespit
edilmiştir. miRNA’ların sindirim sistemi tarafından absorbe edildiğinin ortaya
konduğu çalışmalarda, özellikle hayvansal kaynaklı miRNA’ların serum ve
plazmaya geçtiği ileri sürülmüştür. Sahip olduğu bu potansiyel ile miRNA’lar,
diyet aracılığıyla ortaya çıkan sağlık problemlerin engellenmesinde biyolojik
marker olarak kullanılabilecektir. 
Gıdaların sadece içermiş oldukları yağ, şeker, protein, vitamin gibi
bileşenlerinin değil aynı zamanda sahip oldukları miRNA’ların metabolizmayı
doğrudan veya dolaylı yollarla etkilediği bilinmektedir. Gıda kaynaklı
miRNA’ların önem kazanmasıyla birlikte güncel bir besinsel miRNA veri tabanı
oluşturulmuş ve burada elma, atlantik salmon, muz, tavuk, tavuk yumurtası,
mısır, sığır yağı ve sütü, anne sütü, üzüm, portakal, domuz, pirinç, domates,
soya fasulyesi ve buğday gibi gıdalarla ilgili miRNA profilleri bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada miRNA biyosentezi, eylem mekanizması ve gıdalardaki varlığı ile
metabolizma üzerine olan etkileri tartışılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

microRNA, Gıda, Hastalık, Tedavi

A New Therapeutic Approach to Foods: microRNA

Öz

With the development of
sequencing technology, microRNAs (miRNA) have between 19-24 bases in length
which play a role in cell communication was discovered. These miRNAs have
important tasks in the development and differentiation of cells, as well as in
metabolism. The miRNAs carried in the microvesicle are prevented from
degradation depending on the conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In
the current studies, it has been determined that the foods have regulate the
activities at cellular level in metabolism by miRNA expression. ’This was first
demonstrated by detecting rice miR-168a which absorbed by  digestive system. On the other hand, these
miRNAs were found to inhibit the mRNA expression of LDL RAP1 involved in
cholesterol transport. In studies where miRNAs have been absorbed by the
digestive system, it has been suggested that miRNAs, in particular animal origin,
pass into serum and plasma. With the miRNAs have this potential, it can be used
as biological markers for the prevention of the health problems associated with
diet. It’s known that foods contain the components such as fat, sugar, protein,
vitamin affect to metabolism not only, but also miRNAs affect it directly or
indirectly.  A recent dietary miRNA
database was created with the increasing importance of foodborne miRNAs and
there are miRNA profiles associated with foods such as apples, Atlantic salmon,
bananas, chicken meat and egg, corn, beef fat and milk, breast milk, grapes,
oranges, pork, rice, tomato, soybeans and wheat in this database. In this
study, biosynthesis, the mechanism of action and presence in food and effects
on metabolism of miRNAs were discussed.   

Anahtar Kelimeler

microRNA, Food, Disease, Treatment

Kaynakça

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