BIOCONTROL OF POSTHARVEST FUNGAL DISEASES IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY ANTAGONISTIC YEASTS

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 44 Sayı: 1, 31 - 49, 15.02.2019

Bilal Ağırman Meltem Necla Akalın Hüseyin Erten

https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD18082

Cited By: 1

Öz

Postharvest diseases account for significant amount of
postharvest losses of fruit and vegetables worldwide. Today, use of synthetic
chemical fungicides is principal method of controlling postharvest pathogens.
However, increasing concerns regarding residues of fungicides in food supply
and development of fungicide resistant pathogens have prompted the search for
safer alternative disease management strategies. Usage of biocontrol agents
(BCAs) has emerged as one of the most promising methods to decrease postharvest
losses. Among various microbial agents, use of antagonistic yeasts has been
especially emphasized due to production of antibiotics is not involved in their
inhibitory activities and they are effective against a wide range of pathogens.
Current review provides a brief overview on postharvest diseases of fruit and
vegetables, biocontrol, antagonist and fungal pathogens.  Additionally, mode of action of yeasts,
enhancing the bioefficacy of antagonists and commercial applications of BCAs
have been discussed and recent studies in literature have been summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

antagonist, Biocontrol, fungal pathogen, fruits, vegetables

MEYVE VE SEBZELERDE HASAT SONRASI FUNGAL HASTALIKLARIN ANTAGONİSTİK MAYALAR İLE BİYOKONTROLÜ

Öz

Dünya genelinde taze meyve ve sebzelerde meydana gelen
ve %50 oranına kadar ulaşabilen önemli kayıplar çoğunlukla hasat sonrası
hastalıklardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Günümüzde, hasat sonrası hastalıklara neden
olan patojenlerin kontrolünde sentetik fungusit kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır.
Ancak, toplumun gıda zincirinde kimyasal kalıntıyı azaltma isteği ve fungusit
dirençli patojenlerin gelişmesi hasat sonrası hastalıkların kontrolünde etkili
ve güvenilir yeni kontrol stratejilerinin araştırılmasına yol açmıştır. Hasat
edilen meyve ve sebzelerde meydana gelen kayıpların azaltılması amacıyla
sentetik fungusit kullanımına alternatif olarak biyokontrol ajanların kullanımı
umut verici bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Biyokontrol amacıyla kullanılan
çeşitli mikrobiyel ajanlar arasından özellikle mayaların önemi genellikle antibiyotik
üretmemeleri, çok sayıda patojene karşı etkili olmaları vs. gibi birçok olumlu
özelliğinden dolayı vurgulanmıştır. Bu derlemede; meyve-sebzelerde meydana
gelen hasat sonrası hastalıklar, biyokontrol, antagonist ve fungal patojenler
hakkında bilgi verilmiş, antagonizm mekanizmaları, mikrobiyel antagonistlerin
biyoetkinliklerini arttırma yöntemleri ve mikrobiyel antagonistlerin ticari
uygulamaları detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmış ve literatürde yapılan son
çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyokontrol, antagonist, fungal patojen, meyve-sebze, maya

Kaynakça

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