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GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 42 - 54, 23.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21135

Öz

Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışların olası nedenleri ve Covid-19’un gıda fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. İkincil kaynaklar üzerinde doküman incelemesi yapılmıştır. Nicel ve nitel veriler sadeleştirilmiş ve bazen özet tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Çalışmada özellikle 2021 yaz aylarında gıda fiyatlarında düzenli bir artışın olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada gıda fiyatlarındaki aşırı artışın nedenleri arasında küresel iklim değişikliği, girdi maliyetlerinin artması, nakliye masrafları, aracı komisyon ve kar marjları, işçilik ve ambalajlama, vergi vb giderlerin olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Enflasyon ve döviz kurunun yükselmesi yanında Covid-19’u istismar eden satıcıların etik dışı davranışlarının da aşırı fiyat artışlarına neden olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada gıda fiyatlarında görülen fiyat artışlarının hangi aşamada arttığının doğru tespiti ve kalıcı çözümü için bölgesel temelli akademik çalışmaların periyodik aralıklarla yürütülmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Gıdada aşırı fiyat artışları ile mücadelede enflasyon oranı ve döviz kurunun kontrol altına alınmasının, üreticilerin yeterince desteklenmesinin yanında denetimlerin sürekli ve zamanında yapılmasının önemine işaret edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Algan, N., İşcan, E., Oktay, D.S (2021). Petrol fiyatının gıda fiyatları üzerine asimetrik etkisi: Türkiye örneği, Çukurova Üniv Sos Bi. Ens Der, 30(1), 11-21, https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.748530 Aydin, A. B., Özer, N. (2020). Turkey: COVID-19’un rekabet hukukundaki etkileri: rekabet otoriteleri salgına nasıl cevap veriyor? https://www.mondaq.com/turkey/antitrust-eu-competition-/948644/covid-1939un-rekabet-hukukundaki-etkileri-rekabet-otoriteleri-salg305na-nas305l-cevap-veriyor (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Basco, S., Domènech, J., Rosés, J. R. (2021). The redistributive effects of pandemics: Evidence on the Spanish flu. World Dev, 141, 105389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105389
  • Bayramoğlu, A. T., Yurtkur, A. K. (2015). Türkiye’de gıda ve tarımsal ürün fiyatlarının uluslararası belirleyicileri. Anad. Üniv. Sos. Bil. Der., 15(2), 63-74, https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.84248
  • Boshoff, W. H. (2021). South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period. S Af J of Eco, 89(1), 112-140, doi:10.1111/saje.12268
  • Buccafusco, C., Hemel, D. J., Talley, E. L. (2021). Price gouging in a pandemic. Working Paper No: 652, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3758620 (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2021).
  • Cabral, L., Xu, L. (2020). Seller reputation and price gouging: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers, 12, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12993.
  • Cavallo, A., Cavallo, E., Rigobon, R. (2014). Prices and supply disruptions during natural disasters. Rev of Inc and Wealth, 60(52),5449-5471, https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12141.
  • Dave M., Karen R., Stephen B. R., Scott, S. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food price indexes and data collection, Monthly Lab Rev, 143, 1, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2020.18.
  • Dedeoğlu, D., Kaya, H. (2014). Pass-through of oil prices to domestic prices: Evidence from an oil-hungry but oil-poor emerging market. Eco Mod, 43, 67-74, doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.07.038.
  • Duru S., Hayran S., Gül, A. (2021). Türkiye’de gıda enflasyonunun tarım ve gıda ürünleri ihracatına etkilerinin çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. The J Int Sci Res, 6(1), 10-18, https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.832092.
  • Edwards, F., Dixon, J., Friel, S., Hall, G., Larsen, K., Lockie, S.,Hattersley, L. (2011). Climate change adaptation at the intersection of food and health. Asia Pac J Public Health, 23(2), 91-104, doi: 10.1177/1010539510392361.
  • Engle, R. F., & Rangel, J. G. (2008). The spline-GARCH model for low-frequency volatility and its global macroeconomic causes. The Rev of Fin Stud, 21(3), 1187-1222, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn004.
  • Erkesim, D.U. (2021). Impact of covid-19 on supply chain management. Int J Com and Fin, 7 (1), 72-76.
  • FAO Food Price Index (2021). http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 01.10.2021).
  • Geuens, M., Brengman M., Jegers, R.S. (2003). Food retailing, now and in the future A consumer perspective, J Ret and Cons Serv, 10 (4), 241-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(02)00017-6
  • Güloğlu, B., Nazlıoğlu, Ş. (2013). Enflasyonun tarımsal fiyatlar üzerindeki etkileri: Panel Yumuşak Geçiş Regresyon Analizi. Siyaset, Eko ve Yön Der, 1(1), 1-20.
  • Hansen, T. (2003). Intertype competition specialty food stores competing with supermarkets, J Ret and Cons Serv, 10 (1), 35-49, doi:10.1016/S0969-6989(01)00038-8.
  • Harrison, M., Lee, A., Findlay, M., Nicholls, R., Leonard, D., Martin, C. (2010). The increasing cost of healthy food. Aust and New Zealand J Publ Health, 34(2), 179-186, doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00504.x.
  • Heinen, A., Khadan, J., Strobl, E. (2019). The price impact of extreme weather in developing countries. The Eco J, 129(619), 1327-1342, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12581.
  • IMF Gıda Piyasa Fiyatları (2021). https://www.imf.org/en/Research/commodity-prices (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. R., & Taylor, A. M. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics?. The Rev of Eco and Statistics, 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01042
  • Karasar, N. (2014), Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, 27. Baskı, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kornher L, Kalkuhl, M. (2013). Food price volatility in developing countries and its determinants. Quarterly, J Int Agric, 52(4), 277-308, doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.156132.
  • Kalkuhl, M., Von Braun, J., Torero, M. (2016). Food price volatility and its implications for food security and policy, Springer Nature, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28201-5.
  • Karali, B., Power, G. J. (2013). Short‐and long‐run determinants of commodity price volatility. Am J Agric Econ, 95(3), 724-738, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas122.
  • Kharaishvili, E. (2017). Challenges for sustainable food security in Georgia. Paper presented at XV EAAE Congress in Parma: Towards Sustainable Agro-Food Systems: Balancing between Markets and Society, Parma, Italy, 29 August – 1 September 2017.
  • Kutlu, Ş.Ş. (2021). Türkiye’de Gıda Enflasyonunun Belirleyicileri: SVAR Modelinden Kanıtlar. EKEV Akad Der, 25 (87), 581-598,
  • Medical Press (2014). Ebola-hit countries seek recovery plan to “keep standing.” http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-ebola-hit-countries-recovery.html (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2021).
  • Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S., Smyth, R. (2009). Understanding the inflation–output nexus for China. China Econ Rev, 20(1), 82-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2008.10.012.
  • Nazlıoğlu, S., Soytas, U. (2012). Oil price, agricultural commodity prices, and the dollar: A panel cointegration and causality analysis. Energy Econ, 34(4), 1098-1104, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.09.008.
  • Nicomedes, C. J. C., Avila, R. M. A. (2020). An analysis on the panic during COVID-19 pandemic through an online form. J Affect Disord, 276, 14-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.046
  • Noy, I. (2009). The macroeconomic consequences of disasters. J Dev Econ, 88(2), 221-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.005.
  • OECD (2020). Exploitative pricing in the time of COVID-19. https://www.oecd.org/competition/Exploitative-pricing-in-the-time-of-COVID-19.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Pelling, M., Özerdem, A., Barakat, S. (2002). The macro-economic impact of disasters. Prog in Dev Stud, 2(4), 283-305, https://doi.org/10.1191/1464993402ps042ra.
  • Prentice, C., Chen, J., Stantic, B. (2020). Timed intervention in COVID-19 and panic buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102203.
  • Quiggin, J. (2007). Drought, climate change and food prices in Australia. School of Economics and School of Political Science and International Studies, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia.
  • Sakai, Y., Estudillo, J. P., Fuwa, N., Higuchi, Y., Sawada, Y. (2017). Do natural disasters affect the poor disproportionately? Price change and welfare impact in the aftermath of Typhoon Milenyo in the rural Philippines. World Dev, 94, 16-26.)
  • Samuels, W. J., Puro, E. (1991). The problem of price controls at the time of natural disasters. Rev of Soc Econ, 49(1), 62-75, https://doi.org/10.1080/00346769100000004.
  • Sayed, A., Peng, B. (2021). Pandemics and income inequality: a historical review. SN Bus and Econ, 1(4), 1-17, https://doi. org/10.1007/s43546-021-00059-4.
  • Selvi, M.S. (2006). “Toptan yaş meyve-sebze satın alma sürecinde büyük alışveriş merkezleri ile meyve-sebze hallerinin satın alma personeli açısından değerlendirilmesi”. Paz Dün Derg, İstanbul, Yıl: 20, Sayı: 2, ss.47–55.
  • Singh-Peterson, L., Lawrence, G. (2015). Insights into community vulnerability and resilience following natural disasters: perspectives with food retailers in Northern NSW, Australia. Local Env, 20(7), 782-795, https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.873396.
  • Tadesse, G.; Algieri, B.; Kalkuhl M., Braun J. von, (2014). Drivers and triggers of international food price spikes and volatility. Food price volatility and its implications for food security and policy, Kalkuhl, Braun, and Torero (Eds.) (p.59-82), Food Policy, 47 117–128, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.08.014
  • Tan, S.S. (2019). Kırsal yoksulluk ve sübvansiyonlar: tarımsal girdi sübvansiyonları açısından bir değerlendirme. XI. Ibaness Congress Series, 9-10 march, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, 714-718.
  • Taylor, J. (2000). Low inflation, pass-through, and the pricing power of firms. Eur Econ Rev, 44, 1389-1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00037-4.
  • TUİK, (2021). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tarimsal-Girdi-Fiyat-Endeksi-Temmuz-2021-37277. Erşim Tarihi: 15.08.2021.
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POSSIBLE CAUSES OF EXCESSIVE INCREASE IN FOOD PRICES AND THE IMPACT OF COVID-19

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1, 42 - 54, 23.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21135

Öz

In this study, the reasons behind the overpricing of nutrition and the impact of Covid 19 on food product prices are analyzed. Document analysis has been conducted on the secondary sources. A stable increase especially in the summer of 2021 at the prices of food products noticed in the analyses. The study indicates that the main reasons for overpricing of food products are global climate change, increase in input costs, transportation costs, the profit and commission margins of brokers, labor costs, packaging, and taxes. Moreover, along with the rise in inflation and exchange rates, the unethical behaviors of sellers who exploit the Covid 19 pandemic have also an impact on overpricing of food products. It is highlighted in this study that in order to detect the rise in prices of food products accurately and offer precise solutions for it there is a need for pursuing scientific researches periodically on a regional basis. It is also emphasized that besides controlling inflation and the exchange rater and supporting the producers, continuons and prompt controls are necessary in order to struggle with the overpricing of food products.

Kaynakça

  • Algan, N., İşcan, E., Oktay, D.S (2021). Petrol fiyatının gıda fiyatları üzerine asimetrik etkisi: Türkiye örneği, Çukurova Üniv Sos Bi. Ens Der, 30(1), 11-21, https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.748530 Aydin, A. B., Özer, N. (2020). Turkey: COVID-19’un rekabet hukukundaki etkileri: rekabet otoriteleri salgına nasıl cevap veriyor? https://www.mondaq.com/turkey/antitrust-eu-competition-/948644/covid-1939un-rekabet-hukukundaki-etkileri-rekabet-otoriteleri-salg305na-nas305l-cevap-veriyor (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Basco, S., Domènech, J., Rosés, J. R. (2021). The redistributive effects of pandemics: Evidence on the Spanish flu. World Dev, 141, 105389, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105389
  • Bayramoğlu, A. T., Yurtkur, A. K. (2015). Türkiye’de gıda ve tarımsal ürün fiyatlarının uluslararası belirleyicileri. Anad. Üniv. Sos. Bil. Der., 15(2), 63-74, https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.84248
  • Boshoff, W. H. (2021). South African competition policy on excessive pricing and its relation to price gouging during the COVID‐19 disaster period. S Af J of Eco, 89(1), 112-140, doi:10.1111/saje.12268
  • Buccafusco, C., Hemel, D. J., Talley, E. L. (2021). Price gouging in a pandemic. Working Paper No: 652, https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3758620 (Erişim tarihi: 15.10.2021).
  • Cabral, L., Xu, L. (2020). Seller reputation and price gouging: Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic. Covid Economics: Vetted and Real-Time Papers, 12, 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12993.
  • Cavallo, A., Cavallo, E., Rigobon, R. (2014). Prices and supply disruptions during natural disasters. Rev of Inc and Wealth, 60(52),5449-5471, https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12141.
  • Dave M., Karen R., Stephen B. R., Scott, S. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food price indexes and data collection, Monthly Lab Rev, 143, 1, https://doi.org/10.21916/mlr.2020.18.
  • Dedeoğlu, D., Kaya, H. (2014). Pass-through of oil prices to domestic prices: Evidence from an oil-hungry but oil-poor emerging market. Eco Mod, 43, 67-74, doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.07.038.
  • Duru S., Hayran S., Gül, A. (2021). Türkiye’de gıda enflasyonunun tarım ve gıda ürünleri ihracatına etkilerinin çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile incelenmesi. The J Int Sci Res, 6(1), 10-18, https://doi.org/10.23834/isrjournal.832092.
  • Edwards, F., Dixon, J., Friel, S., Hall, G., Larsen, K., Lockie, S.,Hattersley, L. (2011). Climate change adaptation at the intersection of food and health. Asia Pac J Public Health, 23(2), 91-104, doi: 10.1177/1010539510392361.
  • Engle, R. F., & Rangel, J. G. (2008). The spline-GARCH model for low-frequency volatility and its global macroeconomic causes. The Rev of Fin Stud, 21(3), 1187-1222, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn004.
  • Erkesim, D.U. (2021). Impact of covid-19 on supply chain management. Int J Com and Fin, 7 (1), 72-76.
  • FAO Food Price Index (2021). http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/foodpricesindex/en/ (Erişim tarihi: 01.10.2021).
  • Geuens, M., Brengman M., Jegers, R.S. (2003). Food retailing, now and in the future A consumer perspective, J Ret and Cons Serv, 10 (4), 241-251, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-6989(02)00017-6
  • Güloğlu, B., Nazlıoğlu, Ş. (2013). Enflasyonun tarımsal fiyatlar üzerindeki etkileri: Panel Yumuşak Geçiş Regresyon Analizi. Siyaset, Eko ve Yön Der, 1(1), 1-20.
  • Hansen, T. (2003). Intertype competition specialty food stores competing with supermarkets, J Ret and Cons Serv, 10 (1), 35-49, doi:10.1016/S0969-6989(01)00038-8.
  • Harrison, M., Lee, A., Findlay, M., Nicholls, R., Leonard, D., Martin, C. (2010). The increasing cost of healthy food. Aust and New Zealand J Publ Health, 34(2), 179-186, doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2010.00504.x.
  • Heinen, A., Khadan, J., Strobl, E. (2019). The price impact of extreme weather in developing countries. The Eco J, 129(619), 1327-1342, https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12581.
  • IMF Gıda Piyasa Fiyatları (2021). https://www.imf.org/en/Research/commodity-prices (Erişim tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Jordà, Ò., Singh, S. R., & Taylor, A. M. (2020). Longer-run economic consequences of pandemics?. The Rev of Eco and Statistics, 1-29, https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_01042
  • Karasar, N. (2014), Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi, 27. Baskı, Ankara, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kornher L, Kalkuhl, M. (2013). Food price volatility in developing countries and its determinants. Quarterly, J Int Agric, 52(4), 277-308, doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.156132.
  • Kalkuhl, M., Von Braun, J., Torero, M. (2016). Food price volatility and its implications for food security and policy, Springer Nature, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28201-5.
  • Karali, B., Power, G. J. (2013). Short‐and long‐run determinants of commodity price volatility. Am J Agric Econ, 95(3), 724-738, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas122.
  • Kharaishvili, E. (2017). Challenges for sustainable food security in Georgia. Paper presented at XV EAAE Congress in Parma: Towards Sustainable Agro-Food Systems: Balancing between Markets and Society, Parma, Italy, 29 August – 1 September 2017.
  • Kutlu, Ş.Ş. (2021). Türkiye’de Gıda Enflasyonunun Belirleyicileri: SVAR Modelinden Kanıtlar. EKEV Akad Der, 25 (87), 581-598,
  • Medical Press (2014). Ebola-hit countries seek recovery plan to “keep standing.” http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-ebola-hit-countries-recovery.html (Erişim tarihi: 10.09.2021).
  • Narayan, P. K., Narayan, S., Smyth, R. (2009). Understanding the inflation–output nexus for China. China Econ Rev, 20(1), 82-90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2008.10.012.
  • Nazlıoğlu, S., Soytas, U. (2012). Oil price, agricultural commodity prices, and the dollar: A panel cointegration and causality analysis. Energy Econ, 34(4), 1098-1104, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2011.09.008.
  • Nicomedes, C. J. C., Avila, R. M. A. (2020). An analysis on the panic during COVID-19 pandemic through an online form. J Affect Disord, 276, 14-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.046
  • Noy, I. (2009). The macroeconomic consequences of disasters. J Dev Econ, 88(2), 221-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.02.005.
  • OECD (2020). Exploitative pricing in the time of COVID-19. https://www.oecd.org/competition/Exploitative-pricing-in-the-time-of-COVID-19.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2021).
  • Pelling, M., Özerdem, A., Barakat, S. (2002). The macro-economic impact of disasters. Prog in Dev Stud, 2(4), 283-305, https://doi.org/10.1191/1464993402ps042ra.
  • Prentice, C., Chen, J., Stantic, B. (2020). Timed intervention in COVID-19 and panic buying. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57, 102203.
  • Quiggin, J. (2007). Drought, climate change and food prices in Australia. School of Economics and School of Political Science and International Studies, Univ of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia.
  • Sakai, Y., Estudillo, J. P., Fuwa, N., Higuchi, Y., Sawada, Y. (2017). Do natural disasters affect the poor disproportionately? Price change and welfare impact in the aftermath of Typhoon Milenyo in the rural Philippines. World Dev, 94, 16-26.)
  • Samuels, W. J., Puro, E. (1991). The problem of price controls at the time of natural disasters. Rev of Soc Econ, 49(1), 62-75, https://doi.org/10.1080/00346769100000004.
  • Sayed, A., Peng, B. (2021). Pandemics and income inequality: a historical review. SN Bus and Econ, 1(4), 1-17, https://doi. org/10.1007/s43546-021-00059-4.
  • Selvi, M.S. (2006). “Toptan yaş meyve-sebze satın alma sürecinde büyük alışveriş merkezleri ile meyve-sebze hallerinin satın alma personeli açısından değerlendirilmesi”. Paz Dün Derg, İstanbul, Yıl: 20, Sayı: 2, ss.47–55.
  • Singh-Peterson, L., Lawrence, G. (2015). Insights into community vulnerability and resilience following natural disasters: perspectives with food retailers in Northern NSW, Australia. Local Env, 20(7), 782-795, https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2013.873396.
  • Tadesse, G.; Algieri, B.; Kalkuhl M., Braun J. von, (2014). Drivers and triggers of international food price spikes and volatility. Food price volatility and its implications for food security and policy, Kalkuhl, Braun, and Torero (Eds.) (p.59-82), Food Policy, 47 117–128, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.08.014
  • Tan, S.S. (2019). Kırsal yoksulluk ve sübvansiyonlar: tarımsal girdi sübvansiyonları açısından bir değerlendirme. XI. Ibaness Congress Series, 9-10 march, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, 714-718.
  • Taylor, J. (2000). Low inflation, pass-through, and the pricing power of firms. Eur Econ Rev, 44, 1389-1408, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(00)00037-4.
  • TUİK, (2021). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Tarimsal-Girdi-Fiyat-Endeksi-Temmuz-2021-37277. Erşim Tarihi: 15.08.2021.
  • TÜFE (2021), https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=T%C3%BCketici-Fiyat-Endeksi-A%C4%9Fustos-2021-37386&dil=1 (Erişim tarihi: 17.09.2021).
  • USDA. (2020). Summary findings: food price outlook, 2020. https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-price-outlook/summary-findings.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 09.09.2021).
  • Valentina, S. (2020). Covid 19 is driving up food prices all over the world, https://ilostat.ilo.org/covid-19-is-driving-up-food-prices-all-over-the-world/ (Erişim tarihi: 28.02.2021).
  • Varlık, N. (2021). Kırılgan sekizli’de gıda fiyat balonlarının saptanması: küresel kriz-covid 19 pandemi dönemleri için karşılaştırma, Mehmet Akif Ersoy İİBF Fak Der – 8 (2), 1123-1140. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.910364.
  • Yoon, J., Narasimhan, R., Kim, M. K. (2018). Retailer’s sourcing strategy under consumer stockpiling in anticipation of supply disruptions. Int J Prod Res, 56(10), 3615-3635, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1401748.
  • Yu, M., Yang, C., Li, Y. (2018). Big data in natural disaster management: a review. Geosciences, 8(5), 165, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8050165.
  • Zhou, L., Wu, X., Xu, Z., Fujita, H. (2018). Emergency decision making for natural disasters: An overview. Int J Disaster Risk Reduc, 27, 567-576, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.037.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Gıda Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Selim Selvi 0000-0002-9114-3183

Neslihan Cavlak 0000-0002-6712-971X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 47 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Selvi, M. S., & Cavlak, N. (2021). GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ. Gıda, 47(1), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21135
AMA Selvi MS, Cavlak N. GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ. GIDA. Aralık 2021;47(1):42-54. doi:10.15237/gida.GD21135
Chicago Selvi, Murat Selim, ve Neslihan Cavlak. “GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ”. Gıda 47, sy. 1 (Aralık 2021): 42-54. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21135.
EndNote Selvi MS, Cavlak N (01 Aralık 2021) GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ. Gıda 47 1 42–54.
IEEE M. S. Selvi ve N. Cavlak, “GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ”, GIDA, c. 47, sy. 1, ss. 42–54, 2021, doi: 10.15237/gida.GD21135.
ISNAD Selvi, Murat Selim - Cavlak, Neslihan. “GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ”. Gıda 47/1 (Aralık 2021), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.15237/gida.GD21135.
JAMA Selvi MS, Cavlak N. GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ. GIDA. 2021;47:42–54.
MLA Selvi, Murat Selim ve Neslihan Cavlak. “GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ”. Gıda, c. 47, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 42-54, doi:10.15237/gida.GD21135.
Vancouver Selvi MS, Cavlak N. GIDA FİYATLARINDAKİ AŞIRI ARTIŞLARIN OLASI NEDENLERİ VE COVID-19’UN ETKİSİ. GIDA. 2021;47(1):42-54.

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